基于铁水联运的港站运营管理模式研究
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摘要
铁水联运是实现客运零距离换乘、货运无缝衔接的重要手段,是我国目前正在实施的重点项目,具有重要的意义。铁水联运港站作为铁路和水路的衔接点,其衔接渠道不能疏通,铁水联运就无从谈起,而决定港站能否有效运转的中枢是该车站的管理模式是否合理。既有的铁路车站运营管理模式已经不能满足铁水联运环境下港站的运营需求,本论文拟从一体化运输组织的衔接机制入手,在分析既有港站运营管理模式的基础上,对新型铁水联运港站的运营管理模式进行探索,以期为我国铁水联运发展提供一定的支撑。
论文首先分析了铁水联运港站的运营管理的内容,包括联运过程中港站的货流组织过程、集装箱货物交接方式、计划编制过程、一关三检过程及票据交接和信息交互方式,进而总结出铁水联运港站在联运过程中,不同于一般铁路集装箱办理站的运营管理特点。
其次,在介绍铁水联运系统经济主体及其作用的基础上,结合战略联盟相关理论,对我国现有铁水联运港站的经营管理模式的分类进行探讨,并以大连港、厦门港和青岛港这几个典型的港站为背景,对其采用的经营模式和运营管理的相关过程进行分析,最终得出我国现行铁水联运港站经营管理模式存在的问题,及港站经营管理模式构建和选择时应考虑的影响因素。
最后,针对我国铁水联运港站在整个铁水联运链条上横向联合不够广泛的问题,及铁水联运链条“无缝”衔接的要求,对基于多方联合的运营管理模式进行研究,即将目前仅仅铁路和港站联合扩大到铁路、港口、船公司、货代、船代和相关经营人等多方联合,组建以战略联盟为基础的多方联合公司,并对这种模式下运营管理相关内容的协调性运作进行讨论；在此基础上,提出将一关三检引入到港站内、发展港站配送功能,实现港站的多元化经营,构建港站物流中心。
Rail-water intermodal transport as an important means to realize the seamless connection in passengers and freight transportation is a significant project being implemented. Ports and stations is the connecting point between railway transportation and waterway transportation, if its connecting channel isn't expedite, the rail-water intermodal will be impossible, while the decision factor in effective functioning is the rationality of station management model. The existing railway station operation and management model can't meet the operation needs of ports and stations in the rail-water intermodal transport; so, the article intends to start with the connecting mechanism of integrated transportation, based on analyzing the existing operation and management model in ports and stations, explore a new management model, in order to provide some support for the development of rail-water transport.
The article analyzes the contents of ports and stations in rail-water intermodal transport, including the process of cargo flows organization, the means of receiving and delivery, the process of plan formulation, the process of custom and three quarantine departments, the means of bills and information relay, and then sums the operation and management characters of ports and stations in rail-water intermodal transport, which is different from the general railway container stations.
Secondly, based on introducing of the main economic entity and their functions in rail-water intermodal transport system, integrating the relative strategic alliance, the article discusses the classification of operation and management models, and the factors influenced the construction and selection in operation and management models, and lists Dalian port, Qingdao port, Xiamen port, as the typical stations to analyze their management model and relative process in operation organization. At last, the paper has a conclusion on the question of station in existing operation and management model.
Finally, for the question, the horizontal integration is not wide enough in the entire chain of rail-water intermodal transport, and the needs of seamless connection, the article probes the operation and management model based on multi-joint, to expand the horizontal integration, changing the integration between railway and waterway into the integration of railway, port, shipping company, vessel-agency and freight-agency. In this model, a multiple allied company in stations will be established, based on strategic alliance, and the coordination in operation management will be discussed. In the end, the paper proposes custom and three quarantine departments should be introduced into stations and developing the distribution function, to achieve the diversification and build logistics center in station.
论文首先分析了铁水联运港站的运营管理的内容,包括联运过程中港站的货流组织过程、集装箱货物交接方式、计划编制过程、一关三检过程及票据交接和信息交互方式,进而总结出铁水联运港站在联运过程中,不同于一般铁路集装箱办理站的运营管理特点。
其次,在介绍铁水联运系统经济主体及其作用的基础上,结合战略联盟相关理论,对我国现有铁水联运港站的经营管理模式的分类进行探讨,并以大连港、厦门港和青岛港这几个典型的港站为背景,对其采用的经营模式和运营管理的相关过程进行分析,最终得出我国现行铁水联运港站经营管理模式存在的问题,及港站经营管理模式构建和选择时应考虑的影响因素。
最后,针对我国铁水联运港站在整个铁水联运链条上横向联合不够广泛的问题,及铁水联运链条“无缝”衔接的要求,对基于多方联合的运营管理模式进行研究,即将目前仅仅铁路和港站联合扩大到铁路、港口、船公司、货代、船代和相关经营人等多方联合,组建以战略联盟为基础的多方联合公司,并对这种模式下运营管理相关内容的协调性运作进行讨论；在此基础上,提出将一关三检引入到港站内、发展港站配送功能,实现港站的多元化经营,构建港站物流中心。
Rail-water intermodal transport as an important means to realize the seamless connection in passengers and freight transportation is a significant project being implemented. Ports and stations is the connecting point between railway transportation and waterway transportation, if its connecting channel isn't expedite, the rail-water intermodal will be impossible, while the decision factor in effective functioning is the rationality of station management model. The existing railway station operation and management model can't meet the operation needs of ports and stations in the rail-water intermodal transport; so, the article intends to start with the connecting mechanism of integrated transportation, based on analyzing the existing operation and management model in ports and stations, explore a new management model, in order to provide some support for the development of rail-water transport.
The article analyzes the contents of ports and stations in rail-water intermodal transport, including the process of cargo flows organization, the means of receiving and delivery, the process of plan formulation, the process of custom and three quarantine departments, the means of bills and information relay, and then sums the operation and management characters of ports and stations in rail-water intermodal transport, which is different from the general railway container stations.
Secondly, based on introducing of the main economic entity and their functions in rail-water intermodal transport system, integrating the relative strategic alliance, the article discusses the classification of operation and management models, and the factors influenced the construction and selection in operation and management models, and lists Dalian port, Qingdao port, Xiamen port, as the typical stations to analyze their management model and relative process in operation organization. At last, the paper has a conclusion on the question of station in existing operation and management model.
Finally, for the question, the horizontal integration is not wide enough in the entire chain of rail-water intermodal transport, and the needs of seamless connection, the article probes the operation and management model based on multi-joint, to expand the horizontal integration, changing the integration between railway and waterway into the integration of railway, port, shipping company, vessel-agency and freight-agency. In this model, a multiple allied company in stations will be established, based on strategic alliance, and the coordination in operation management will be discussed. In the end, the paper proposes custom and three quarantine departments should be introduced into stations and developing the distribution function, to achieve the diversification and build logistics center in station.
引文
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[5]张建勇 一种多式联运网络的最优分配模式研究[J].铁道学报,2002,(8)：114-116.
[6]马彩雯,王志远,孙光沂.国际多式联运的虚拟企业运作模式研究.交通运输规划与管理,2004,(4)：18-23.
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[9]潘淑玲,大连港集装箱海铁联运运营管理体系构建研究[D].辽宁：大连海事大学,2009.
[10]谢佳,黄花机场特许经营观理模式研究[D].湖南：中南大学,2004.
[11]李冰,城市轨道交通系统的管理体制及经营管理模式研究[J].城市轨道交通,2004,(12)：8-10.
[12]罗雁君,客运专线车站运营管理模式研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2006.
[13]李卫勇,中国海关管理创新及其技术支撑研究[D].湖南：中南大学,2007.
[14]陈志芳,我国TPL战略联盟发展思路分析[J].现代商业,2008,(3)：17-18.
[15]尹田红,大连港铁公司发展战略研究[D].辽宁：大连理工大学,2008.
[16]张翠云,港站发展相关问题的研究[D].北京：北方交通大学,1999.
[17]捷盟咨询课题组,经营与管理概念辨析[J].中外企业文化,2011,(9)：40-43.
[18]周晓航.关于加快发展集装箱海铁联运的思考[J].交通运输部管理干部学院学报,2010,(3).
[19]岳文婷.我国集装箱海铁联运系统分析[J]物流工程与管理,2009,(05).
[20]夏伟鹏.关于推进海铁联运的思考与探索[J].集装箱化,2003,(11).
[21]赵明佶.加快我国集装箱海铁联运发展的对策研究[J].铁道货运,2008,(04).
[22]张熳.加快发展我国集装箱海铁联运的思考[J].铁道货运,2008,(9).
[23]戚静.发展港口集装箱海铁联运的研究[J].铁路采购与物流,2010,(04).
[24]陈小辉,加强铁路与港口运输合作的探讨[J]铁道货运.2010,(06).
[25]杨岩.集装箱海铁联运系统的协同问题研究.商品储运和养护.2008,(06).
[26]周鑫.我国集装箱多式联运系统协调性分析与研究[D].上海海事大学,2004.
[27]杨冀琴.铁路集装箱运输参与多式联运的协同优化[D],成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[28]United States Patent.[19],4836395[P],Jun.6,1989.
[29]United States Patent.[19],5303836[P],Apr.19,1994.
[30]United States Patent.[19],6012598[P],Jan.11,2000.
[31]WiekeBoekstael, Chains and Networks in Multi-model Passenger Transport. Exploring a Design Approach, DUP science 2001.
[32]Katsivela、Maria — Eleftheria, Multi-model carrier liability in the United States and Canada: Towards uniformity of applicable rules,2004.
[33]刘晓伟,大连铁路集装箱海铁多式联运问题研究[D].辽宁：大连海事大学,2006.
[34]C. Macharis a,*,Y.M. Bontekoning b,1. Opportunities for OR in intermodal freight transport research:A review[J],European Journal of Operational Research 153 (2004) 400 - 416.
[35]Fred Muller, Jr. U. S. and International Freight Container Standards. [J] Consultant 120 Ridgedale A.ve Florham Park, N. J.07932.
[36]Y.M. Bontekoning a,*,C. Macharis b,J.J. Trip a ..Is a new applied transportation research field emerging?A review of intermodal rail - truck freight transport literature[J].Transportation Research Part A 38 (2004) 1 - 34.
[37]尹传忠,李秀泉等.港口铁路集疏运系统规划[J].中国铁路,2010,(02).
[38]汪涛.集装箱海铁联运企业结盟对策研究[D]北京交通大学,2010.
[39]孙新民,丁华.港口铁路发展现代物流的探讨[J].中国铁路.2005,(03).
[40]王华宁.对我国集装箱海铁联运发展模式的几点思考[J].中国对外贸易(英文版).2011,(12).
[41]杜敏.港站特性与管理模式研究[D]武汉理工大学,2005.
[42]黄由衡.集装箱港站的运作及发展方向[J].综合运输.1999,(01).
[43]朱晓宁,铁路港站的建设问题[J].集装箱化.1998,(12).
[44]李丹明,贺振中.国外铁路集装箱联运及我国发展铁路集装箱联运的对策[J].哈尔滨铁道科技.2001, (03).
[45]赵宏光.我国港口集装箱海铁联运发展现状[J].集装箱化.2011(05).
[46]陈晓和.联运系统若干关键技术研究.硕士学位论文.2007,(05)
[47]Harrold.Kerzner:Project Management A System approach to planning schedule and controlling, John Wiley&Sons,2001.
[48]Piet Rietved, Roger Stough:Barriers to sustainable transport:institutions, regulation and sustainability, Taylor & Francie,2005.
[49]Luis M Camarinha-Matos,C Pantoja-Lima. Cooperation coordination in virtual enterprises. Journal of intelligent manufacturing,2001, (12):199-212.
[50]Warren B.Powell and Tassio A.Carvelho. Real-time optimization of containers and Flatcars for intermodal operations. Transportation Science, 1998,32(3):126-131.
[51]张翠云.港站发展相关问题研究[D],北京：北京交通大学,1999.
[52]袁兴.铁路集装箱运输管理模式和运行机制的探讨[D],北京：北京交通大学,2000.
[2]林晓莺.铁道部与交通运输部签署推进铁水联运发展合作协议[J].城市轨道交通研究.2011,14(6)：94.
[3]魏际刚,荣朝和.我国集装箱多式联运系统的协调问题(上).集装箱化,2000,(2)：21-24.
[4]魏际刚,荣朝和.我国集装箱多式联运系统的协调问题(下).集装箱化,2000,(3)：18-24.
[5]张建勇 一种多式联运网络的最优分配模式研究[J].铁道学报,2002,(8)：114-116.
[6]马彩雯,王志远,孙光沂.国际多式联运的虚拟企业运作模式研究.交通运输规划与管理,2004,(4)：18-23.
[7]周跃.集装箱多式联运运输决策与协调问题的研究[D].南京：河海大学,2006.
[8]魏际刚,对我国铁路发展集装箱多式联运的研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2000,(12)：32-34.
[9]潘淑玲,大连港集装箱海铁联运运营管理体系构建研究[D].辽宁：大连海事大学,2009.
[10]谢佳,黄花机场特许经营观理模式研究[D].湖南：中南大学,2004.
[11]李冰,城市轨道交通系统的管理体制及经营管理模式研究[J].城市轨道交通,2004,(12)：8-10.
[12]罗雁君,客运专线车站运营管理模式研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2006.
[13]李卫勇,中国海关管理创新及其技术支撑研究[D].湖南：中南大学,2007.
[14]陈志芳,我国TPL战略联盟发展思路分析[J].现代商业,2008,(3)：17-18.
[15]尹田红,大连港铁公司发展战略研究[D].辽宁：大连理工大学,2008.
[16]张翠云,港站发展相关问题的研究[D].北京：北方交通大学,1999.
[17]捷盟咨询课题组,经营与管理概念辨析[J].中外企业文化,2011,(9)：40-43.
[18]周晓航.关于加快发展集装箱海铁联运的思考[J].交通运输部管理干部学院学报,2010,(3).
[19]岳文婷.我国集装箱海铁联运系统分析[J]物流工程与管理,2009,(05).
[20]夏伟鹏.关于推进海铁联运的思考与探索[J].集装箱化,2003,(11).
[21]赵明佶.加快我国集装箱海铁联运发展的对策研究[J].铁道货运,2008,(04).
[22]张熳.加快发展我国集装箱海铁联运的思考[J].铁道货运,2008,(9).
[23]戚静.发展港口集装箱海铁联运的研究[J].铁路采购与物流,2010,(04).
[24]陈小辉,加强铁路与港口运输合作的探讨[J]铁道货运.2010,(06).
[25]杨岩.集装箱海铁联运系统的协同问题研究.商品储运和养护.2008,(06).
[26]周鑫.我国集装箱多式联运系统协调性分析与研究[D].上海海事大学,2004.
[27]杨冀琴.铁路集装箱运输参与多式联运的协同优化[D],成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[28]United States Patent.[19],4836395[P],Jun.6,1989.
[29]United States Patent.[19],5303836[P],Apr.19,1994.
[30]United States Patent.[19],6012598[P],Jan.11,2000.
[31]WiekeBoekstael, Chains and Networks in Multi-model Passenger Transport. Exploring a Design Approach, DUP science 2001.
[32]Katsivela、Maria — Eleftheria, Multi-model carrier liability in the United States and Canada: Towards uniformity of applicable rules,2004.
[33]刘晓伟,大连铁路集装箱海铁多式联运问题研究[D].辽宁：大连海事大学,2006.
[34]C. Macharis a,*,Y.M. Bontekoning b,1. Opportunities for OR in intermodal freight transport research:A review[J],European Journal of Operational Research 153 (2004) 400 - 416.
[35]Fred Muller, Jr. U. S. and International Freight Container Standards. [J] Consultant 120 Ridgedale A.ve Florham Park, N. J.07932.
[36]Y.M. Bontekoning a,*,C. Macharis b,J.J. Trip a ..Is a new applied transportation research field emerging?A review of intermodal rail - truck freight transport literature[J].Transportation Research Part A 38 (2004) 1 - 34.
[37]尹传忠,李秀泉等.港口铁路集疏运系统规划[J].中国铁路,2010,(02).
[38]汪涛.集装箱海铁联运企业结盟对策研究[D]北京交通大学,2010.
[39]孙新民,丁华.港口铁路发展现代物流的探讨[J].中国铁路.2005,(03).
[40]王华宁.对我国集装箱海铁联运发展模式的几点思考[J].中国对外贸易(英文版).2011,(12).
[41]杜敏.港站特性与管理模式研究[D]武汉理工大学,2005.
[42]黄由衡.集装箱港站的运作及发展方向[J].综合运输.1999,(01).
[43]朱晓宁,铁路港站的建设问题[J].集装箱化.1998,(12).
[44]李丹明,贺振中.国外铁路集装箱联运及我国发展铁路集装箱联运的对策[J].哈尔滨铁道科技.2001, (03).
[45]赵宏光.我国港口集装箱海铁联运发展现状[J].集装箱化.2011(05).
[46]陈晓和.联运系统若干关键技术研究.硕士学位论文.2007,(05)
[47]Harrold.Kerzner:Project Management A System approach to planning schedule and controlling, John Wiley&Sons,2001.
[48]Piet Rietved, Roger Stough:Barriers to sustainable transport:institutions, regulation and sustainability, Taylor & Francie,2005.
[49]Luis M Camarinha-Matos,C Pantoja-Lima. Cooperation coordination in virtual enterprises. Journal of intelligent manufacturing,2001, (12):199-212.
[50]Warren B.Powell and Tassio A.Carvelho. Real-time optimization of containers and Flatcars for intermodal operations. Transportation Science, 1998,32(3):126-131.
[51]张翠云.港站发展相关问题研究[D],北京：北京交通大学,1999.
[52]袁兴.铁路集装箱运输管理模式和运行机制的探讨[D],北京：北京交通大学,2000.