基于特征的三维产品变形设计及动态仿真研究
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摘要
本文基于Pro／Engineer软件环境下，结合虚拟产品参数化特征建模技术，深入研究了Pro／E软件特征建模的特点和利用Pro／E的二次开发工具Pro／Toolkit进行特征建模编程的原理。探讨了结合Pro／E中Family Table模块运用Pro／Toolkit对Pro／E特征建模的机理加以改进的方法，同时实现了Pro／E与MFC的接口，从而延伸和扩展了Pro／E软件的参数化功能。在此基础上讨论了利用Pro／E进行设计的一些具体方法和应注意的问题。通过上述工作最终解决了Pro／E软件结合面向对象编程技术实现基于特征的产品变形设计的技术难点，并提出总体实现架构。
本文所完成的另一主要工作是研究通用装配仿真，装配路径，装配工艺及其相关方面的问题，其目的是为了以可视化的方式将产品装配体的整个装配过程展现在设计者面前，并通过装配仿真问题研究过程中的人机交互式的装配序列与路径规划、装配碰撞干涉检验等手段让设计者能够快速检验产品装配体的装配性能，自动生成装配路线，并能够根据产品装配性能的信息反馈，进行产品再设计，从而缩短产品的开发周期。
作者首先全面分析和总结了装配仿真、装配模型、装配序列规划等方面的国内外研究成果和最新研究动态。在此基础上，本文介绍了通用装配仿真系统的具体实现思路和方法：本系统是以建立在Pro／Engineer软件基础上的多叉树结构的等级模式装配模型为系统的基础与主线，以拆卸法为装配规划方法的人机交互式的装配序列与路径规划的结果作为输入信息，而对产品装配体进行装配过程仿真的。
本文在Pro／Engineer软件的基于特征的参数化技术建模的基础上，通过其二次开发平台，详细研究了Pro／E软件环境下的装配模型的层次结构的装配模型表达方法和部件标识机制，以及零部件在装配体中的空间位姿描述；还有零部件之间的配合联接关系的拓扑图表示法。这些都为以下装配序列与路径规划与装配过程仿真工作奠定了理论基础。
在以上工作的基础上作者最终结合Pro／Engineer软件二次开发技术及MFC的数据库技术编程实现了一种通用装配仿真系统。本系统最大的特点就是其通用性能特别突出，具有很大的工程使用价值。
The paper is based on the environment of Pro/Engineer. At beginning, the author take a lot of time to study the technology of building virtual production model which is based on the parameter technology and diagnostic technology. After this work, the author lucubrate the character of building feature element with Pro/E and the principle of building feature element with Pro/Toolkit which is a quadratic tool of Pro/E. with the help of these work, the author analyse the improved means of building feature element with Pro/Toolkit by using the module of Family Table. At the same time, the writer also put forward a new method of building the bridge between the Pro/E and MFC, by this means, we improved the parameter ability of Pro/E. Through these works, the writer Resolves the problems on the realizing of building virtual production model which is based on the parameter technology and diagnostic technology by combining Pro/E and OOP technology.
The paper also studies general assembly simulation, path plan, path process and something related under the environment of Pro/ENGINEER software in detail. The main goal is to show the whole assembly process of the product by means of visualization, to test the assembly capability by means of assembly sequence and path planning via interaction of human and computer, assembly collision detecting and so on, automatically generating the assembly path , so can obtain information feedback for product redesign. As a result, shortening the cycle of product design. In this project, the most important feature of this work is it has a better universal character, it means that it can be used on any model, and we also can adjust the path process of simulation and angel of view at well.
First, the paper reviews thoroughly the literature and newly development on assembly simulation, top-down design, assembly modeling and assembly sequence planning at home and abroad. Based on them, It sketchily describes the thoughts and methods of the developing of the general assembly simulation software, which is the prototype of software developed upon the paper. The software is to simulate the assembly process of the product, in which the assembly model described by hierarchical tree is the fundamental and the result
of the assembly sequence and path planning by means of disassembly via input through human and computer interaction
Proper assembly modeling is the base of the whole assembly simulation system software. By programming developed by user, the paper detailed researches the expressing method and identifying method of the component in the hierarchy assembly model, the description of three Dimension position and orientation of the components in the product, and topological graph of mating relationship among the components. All these lay a solid foundation for the following research on assembly sequence and path planning and assembly process simulating.
Based on all these knowledge, the writer developed a general assembly simulation software by combing Pro/E and data-based technology, the most important feature of this software is it has a better universal character, it means that it can be used on any model, and we also can adjust the path process of simulation and angel of view at well, and it has a very precious value in engineer design.
本文所完成的另一主要工作是研究通用装配仿真，装配路径，装配工艺及其相关方面的问题，其目的是为了以可视化的方式将产品装配体的整个装配过程展现在设计者面前，并通过装配仿真问题研究过程中的人机交互式的装配序列与路径规划、装配碰撞干涉检验等手段让设计者能够快速检验产品装配体的装配性能，自动生成装配路线，并能够根据产品装配性能的信息反馈，进行产品再设计，从而缩短产品的开发周期。
作者首先全面分析和总结了装配仿真、装配模型、装配序列规划等方面的国内外研究成果和最新研究动态。在此基础上，本文介绍了通用装配仿真系统的具体实现思路和方法：本系统是以建立在Pro／Engineer软件基础上的多叉树结构的等级模式装配模型为系统的基础与主线，以拆卸法为装配规划方法的人机交互式的装配序列与路径规划的结果作为输入信息，而对产品装配体进行装配过程仿真的。
本文在Pro／Engineer软件的基于特征的参数化技术建模的基础上，通过其二次开发平台，详细研究了Pro／E软件环境下的装配模型的层次结构的装配模型表达方法和部件标识机制，以及零部件在装配体中的空间位姿描述；还有零部件之间的配合联接关系的拓扑图表示法。这些都为以下装配序列与路径规划与装配过程仿真工作奠定了理论基础。
在以上工作的基础上作者最终结合Pro／Engineer软件二次开发技术及MFC的数据库技术编程实现了一种通用装配仿真系统。本系统最大的特点就是其通用性能特别突出，具有很大的工程使用价值。
The paper is based on the environment of Pro/Engineer. At beginning, the author take a lot of time to study the technology of building virtual production model which is based on the parameter technology and diagnostic technology. After this work, the author lucubrate the character of building feature element with Pro/E and the principle of building feature element with Pro/Toolkit which is a quadratic tool of Pro/E. with the help of these work, the author analyse the improved means of building feature element with Pro/Toolkit by using the module of Family Table. At the same time, the writer also put forward a new method of building the bridge between the Pro/E and MFC, by this means, we improved the parameter ability of Pro/E. Through these works, the writer Resolves the problems on the realizing of building virtual production model which is based on the parameter technology and diagnostic technology by combining Pro/E and OOP technology.
The paper also studies general assembly simulation, path plan, path process and something related under the environment of Pro/ENGINEER software in detail. The main goal is to show the whole assembly process of the product by means of visualization, to test the assembly capability by means of assembly sequence and path planning via interaction of human and computer, assembly collision detecting and so on, automatically generating the assembly path , so can obtain information feedback for product redesign. As a result, shortening the cycle of product design. In this project, the most important feature of this work is it has a better universal character, it means that it can be used on any model, and we also can adjust the path process of simulation and angel of view at well.
First, the paper reviews thoroughly the literature and newly development on assembly simulation, top-down design, assembly modeling and assembly sequence planning at home and abroad. Based on them, It sketchily describes the thoughts and methods of the developing of the general assembly simulation software, which is the prototype of software developed upon the paper. The software is to simulate the assembly process of the product, in which the assembly model described by hierarchical tree is the fundamental and the result
of the assembly sequence and path planning by means of disassembly via input through human and computer interaction
Proper assembly modeling is the base of the whole assembly simulation system software. By programming developed by user, the paper detailed researches the expressing method and identifying method of the component in the hierarchy assembly model, the description of three Dimension position and orientation of the components in the product, and topological graph of mating relationship among the components. All these lay a solid foundation for the following research on assembly sequence and path planning and assembly process simulating.
Based on all these knowledge, the writer developed a general assembly simulation software by combing Pro/E and data-based technology, the most important feature of this software is it has a better universal character, it means that it can be used on any model, and we also can adjust the path process of simulation and angel of view at well, and it has a very precious value in engineer design.
引文
[1]杜平安，王豪才。产品CAD中的参数化建模方法。计算机辅助设计与制造，1996 (6)
[2]姜方满，王明霞。结构CAD的参数化建模方法的研究。机械设计，1995 (9)：2
[3]黎华，苏铁明等。基于约束的机械产品零件参数化特征建模技术研究及实现。组合机床与自动化加工技术，2001．8：12～16
[4]童秉枢等。现代CAD技术。北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[5]刘雄伟，郑海波等。参数化特征造型中拓扑结构变异的一种解决方法。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2001．3
[6]张伟，李佳。基于构造过程的参数化特征造型方法。计算机辅助工程，2001．6：30～33
[7]罗源伟。机械产品参数化特征造型。桂林电子工业学院学报，2000．9：59～63
[8]杨运平，周儒荣。特征设计的定位约束参数化技术。航空学报，1997．1：50～56
[9]高曙明，彭群生。一种适用于特征造型的参数化设计方法。计算机学报，1996．4：300～307
[10]刘刚，尹文生等。机构运动分析与仿真系统研究与实践。华中科技大学学报，2001．7：56～57
[11]毛恩荣，杭伟等。面向对象技术在机械系统运动图形仿真中的应用。中国农业大学学报，1999，4(6)：85～88
[12]张林鍹，童秉枢。并行工程中的装配仿真系统及其关键技术研究。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1999年3月，11(2)：163～167
[13]姜华。机械产品的装配规划研究。华中理工大学博士学位论文，1997年
[14]冯禹，马玉林，蔡鹤皋。面向自动化装配的DFA评价技术。计算机辅助设计与制造，1999年10月：37～39
[15]T. L. de Fazio & D. E. Whitney. Part and assembly technique classification: final report. Report CSD L-R-1643, the Charles stark Drapen Laboratory Inc., Cambride, Massachusetts, 1988
[16]Cho D Y, Shin C K, and Cho H S. Automatic inference on stable robotics assembly sequences based upon the evaluation of base assembly motion instability. Robotics, 1993, 11: 351～362
[17]L. S. Homem de Mello & A. C. Sanderson. A correct and complete algorithm for the generation of mechannical assembly sequence. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, May 1989, PP 56～61
[18]李海龙，董金详等。基于约束的装配体技术。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1999年
5月，9(3)：249～255
[19]A. Bourjault & J. M. Henrioud. Determining the subassemblies of a product from its assembly sequences. APII, 1987,21(2):117-127
[20]T. L. de Fazio & D. E. Whitney. Simplified generation of all mechanical assembly systems, IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, Vol. RA-3, No. 6, December 1987, PP640-658
[21]Parametric Technology Corporation. Pro/ENGINEER Basic Design, Training Guide (Version 18.0). Parametric Technology Corporation, 1996
[22]G. Dini & M. Santochi. Automated Sequencing and Subassembly Detection in Assembly Planning. Annals of the CIRP Vol. 41/1/1992, 1～4
[23]Heedong. Ko & K. W. Lee. Automatic assembling procedure generation from matingconditions. Computer Aided Design, Vol. 19, No. 1, Jan/Feb 1987: 3-8
[24]郑阿奇，丁有和等。Visual C++实用教程。电子工业出版社，203～226
[25]曾理湛。基于OpenGL的起重机起升机构装配仿真系统研究。武汉交通科技大学硕士学位论文，1999
[26]谭浩强主编。C程序设计 第一版。清华大学出版社，1991
[27]王琪，胡如夫等。基于特征的减速器零件参数化实体造型研究。矿山机械，2001．11：42～44
[28]蔡颖，薛庆，徐宏山 编著 CAD/CAH原理与应用。机械工业出版社，56～59
[29]曹岩，王宏等。一种面向制造企业全面集成的虚拟制造系统体系结构。计算机辅助设计与制造，1999．3
[30]张国伟，俞新陆。面向对象的参数化设计系统的研究与开发。计算机辅助设计与制造，1996 (6)
[31]肖刚，李学志 主编 机械CAD原理与时间，清华大学出版社
[32]邱宣怀 主编。机械设计，第五版。北京：高等教育出版社，1989
[33]濮良贵 主编。机械设计，第三版。北京：高等教育出版社，1989
[34]李原，张涛，曹哲等。支持操作的装配仿真技术研究。工程设计，2000．1
[35]张宇闻，贾建援。虚拟产品的特征参数化设计。电子机械工程，2002 (2) 22～26
[36]彭海涛，白笛 编著。Pro/ENGINEER 2000i应用教程。北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[37]黄圣杰，张益三 编著。Pro/ENGINEER 2001高级开发实例。北京：电子工业出版社，2002．2
[38]尹文生。支持自顶向下设计的装配建模研究。华中理工大学博士学位论文，1998
[39]宗志坚。机构CAD中统一模型建立和通用系统研制，[硕士学位论文]。武汉：华中理工大学机械科学与工程学院，1996
[40]杨廷力。机构学理论研究进展。机械工程学报，1995，31(2)：1～25
[41]张启先。空间机构分析与综合(上)。北京，机械工业出版社，1982
[42]刘坚，刘子建。Pro/Engineer用户化菜单设计的技术及实践。计算机辅助设计与制造，2000年1月：11～13
[43]Parametric Technology Corporation. Pro/DEVELOP User's Guide, Training Guide (Version 17.0). Parametric Technology Corporation, 1996
[44]Parametric Technology Corporation. Pro/TOOLKIT User's Guide, Training Guide (Version 17.0). Parametric Technology Corporation, 1996
[45]Microsoft Corporation. Distributed Applications with Visual C++6.0. Microsoft Press, 2000. 6
[46]Kate Gregory。Visual C++6.0开发应用手册。机械工业出版社，1999年1月
[47]高霄汉，张予川。基于参数化技术的Pro/E二次开发和应用。交通与计算机，2003年4月
[48]张杰。产品结构设计中ProE参数化特征造型技术的应用。模具工业，2001，NO8
[49]G. Boothroyd & L. Alting. Design for Assembly and Disassembly. Annals of the CIRP. Vol. 41/2/1992, Keynote Paper, PP 625～635
[50]熊光楞。计算机仿真及其在制造业中的应用。计算机仿真，1996年1月：31～35
[51]高峰，肖盎然，王春河，张新访。基于装配设计的装配建模技术研究。软件开发与应用，1997年3月：38～42
[52]J U. Turner. Relative position of parts in assemblies using mathematical programming. Computer Aided Design, Volume 22 No. 7 September 1990, 394～398
[53]D. N. Rocheleau & K. W. Lee. System for interactive assembly modeling. Computer Aided Design, Volume 19 No. 2 March 1987, 65～72
[2]姜方满，王明霞。结构CAD的参数化建模方法的研究。机械设计，1995 (9)：2
[3]黎华，苏铁明等。基于约束的机械产品零件参数化特征建模技术研究及实现。组合机床与自动化加工技术，2001．8：12～16
[4]童秉枢等。现代CAD技术。北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[5]刘雄伟，郑海波等。参数化特征造型中拓扑结构变异的一种解决方法。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2001．3
[6]张伟，李佳。基于构造过程的参数化特征造型方法。计算机辅助工程，2001．6：30～33
[7]罗源伟。机械产品参数化特征造型。桂林电子工业学院学报，2000．9：59～63
[8]杨运平，周儒荣。特征设计的定位约束参数化技术。航空学报，1997．1：50～56
[9]高曙明，彭群生。一种适用于特征造型的参数化设计方法。计算机学报，1996．4：300～307
[10]刘刚，尹文生等。机构运动分析与仿真系统研究与实践。华中科技大学学报，2001．7：56～57
[11]毛恩荣，杭伟等。面向对象技术在机械系统运动图形仿真中的应用。中国农业大学学报，1999，4(6)：85～88
[12]张林鍹，童秉枢。并行工程中的装配仿真系统及其关键技术研究。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1999年3月，11(2)：163～167
[13]姜华。机械产品的装配规划研究。华中理工大学博士学位论文，1997年
[14]冯禹，马玉林，蔡鹤皋。面向自动化装配的DFA评价技术。计算机辅助设计与制造，1999年10月：37～39
[15]T. L. de Fazio & D. E. Whitney. Part and assembly technique classification: final report. Report CSD L-R-1643, the Charles stark Drapen Laboratory Inc., Cambride, Massachusetts, 1988
[16]Cho D Y, Shin C K, and Cho H S. Automatic inference on stable robotics assembly sequences based upon the evaluation of base assembly motion instability. Robotics, 1993, 11: 351～362
[17]L. S. Homem de Mello & A. C. Sanderson. A correct and complete algorithm for the generation of mechannical assembly sequence. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, May 1989, PP 56～61
[18]李海龙，董金详等。基于约束的装配体技术。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1999年
5月，9(3)：249～255
[19]A. Bourjault & J. M. Henrioud. Determining the subassemblies of a product from its assembly sequences. APII, 1987,21(2):117-127
[20]T. L. de Fazio & D. E. Whitney. Simplified generation of all mechanical assembly systems, IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, Vol. RA-3, No. 6, December 1987, PP640-658
[21]Parametric Technology Corporation. Pro/ENGINEER Basic Design, Training Guide (Version 18.0). Parametric Technology Corporation, 1996
[22]G. Dini & M. Santochi. Automated Sequencing and Subassembly Detection in Assembly Planning. Annals of the CIRP Vol. 41/1/1992, 1～4
[23]Heedong. Ko & K. W. Lee. Automatic assembling procedure generation from matingconditions. Computer Aided Design, Vol. 19, No. 1, Jan/Feb 1987: 3-8
[24]郑阿奇，丁有和等。Visual C++实用教程。电子工业出版社，203～226
[25]曾理湛。基于OpenGL的起重机起升机构装配仿真系统研究。武汉交通科技大学硕士学位论文，1999
[26]谭浩强主编。C程序设计 第一版。清华大学出版社，1991
[27]王琪，胡如夫等。基于特征的减速器零件参数化实体造型研究。矿山机械，2001．11：42～44
[28]蔡颖，薛庆，徐宏山 编著 CAD/CAH原理与应用。机械工业出版社，56～59
[29]曹岩，王宏等。一种面向制造企业全面集成的虚拟制造系统体系结构。计算机辅助设计与制造，1999．3
[30]张国伟，俞新陆。面向对象的参数化设计系统的研究与开发。计算机辅助设计与制造，1996 (6)
[31]肖刚，李学志 主编 机械CAD原理与时间，清华大学出版社
[32]邱宣怀 主编。机械设计，第五版。北京：高等教育出版社，1989
[33]濮良贵 主编。机械设计，第三版。北京：高等教育出版社，1989
[34]李原，张涛，曹哲等。支持操作的装配仿真技术研究。工程设计，2000．1
[35]张宇闻，贾建援。虚拟产品的特征参数化设计。电子机械工程，2002 (2) 22～26
[36]彭海涛，白笛 编著。Pro/ENGINEER 2000i应用教程。北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[37]黄圣杰，张益三 编著。Pro/ENGINEER 2001高级开发实例。北京：电子工业出版社，2002．2
[38]尹文生。支持自顶向下设计的装配建模研究。华中理工大学博士学位论文，1998
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