服刑人员未成年子女救助问题研究
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摘要
监狱服刑人员未成年子女是近年来社会结构转型和经济体制转轨过程中逐渐衍生和正在趋成的一个特殊的弱势群体。他们的父母一方或双方正在监狱中服刑,使得其难于履行应尽的监护责任与抚养义务,他们原本的生活状况发生了根本性改变——家庭出现残缺甚至瓦解,辍学、街头流浪乞讨时有发生,同时这部分群体的犯罪率远远高于同龄的青少年犯罪率,不但影响了他们的身心发展而且危害了社会的和谐稳定。在此背景下研究服刑人员未成年子女的社会救助问题迫在眉睫。
本研究在对国内外有关服刑人员未成年子女及其救助研究成果综述的基础上,运用了访谈法、观察法及问卷调查法相结合的方式分析了服刑人员未成年子女的生存现状和社会救助现状,指出,服刑人员未成年子女的生存现状很严峻,当前的社会救助法律法规和救助体制等方面还存在诸多问题,亟待解决;然后通过对大连阳光溢鸿儿童村的管理机制、救助模式和救助经验等方面进行了详细剖析,进一步论证了建立“官办与民办相结合的全民社会救助体系”的合理性和优势所在;在此基础上,本论文提出了救助服刑人员未成年子女的对策和建议,包括完善相关的法律法规、完善政府的职能、倡导建立服刑人员未成年子女专项救助基金和全民参与的救助关爱体系等对策与建议。
Prisoners' Minor-children has gradually been being a special minority group with Social structure reforming and economic system switch in recent years. It makes them have difficulty in fulfilling their guardianship responsibility and the foster duty that both or one of them serves a prison sentence in the jail, which changes their original life deeply——incomplete family, disintegrates, discontinues studies, as well as the street corner to roam about occurring sometimes. At the same time, the crime rate of Prisoners' Minor-children is higher than the other children, which may affect their body and mind to develop and the harm the society's harmony to be stable. So it is in a hurry to research the rescue of the Prisoners' Minor-children under this background.
On the basis of theoretical research on Prisoners' Minor-children and the rescue about them, the paper analyses the Prisoners' Minor- children's survival present situation and the social rescue present situation by using the way of interview, inspection and the questionnaire survey. And pointing out that the survival present situation of Prisoners' Minor-children is very serious, and many problems exist in current society rescues aspects, laws, regulations or rescue system and so on, which should be solved immediately. Through the further analysis about the successful experience and the deficiency of management mechanism, rescue pattern in Dalian Sunshine Children Village, the paper further proves the rationality and advantage to establish the society rescue system binding with government and local militia, on the basis of which, the paper puts forward several suggestions about how to rescue Prisoners' Minor-children, including consummating related laws and regulations, consummating government's function, initiatively establishing special funds to Prisoners' Minor-children and the rescue system involved with all the people.
本研究在对国内外有关服刑人员未成年子女及其救助研究成果综述的基础上,运用了访谈法、观察法及问卷调查法相结合的方式分析了服刑人员未成年子女的生存现状和社会救助现状,指出,服刑人员未成年子女的生存现状很严峻,当前的社会救助法律法规和救助体制等方面还存在诸多问题,亟待解决;然后通过对大连阳光溢鸿儿童村的管理机制、救助模式和救助经验等方面进行了详细剖析,进一步论证了建立“官办与民办相结合的全民社会救助体系”的合理性和优势所在;在此基础上,本论文提出了救助服刑人员未成年子女的对策和建议,包括完善相关的法律法规、完善政府的职能、倡导建立服刑人员未成年子女专项救助基金和全民参与的救助关爱体系等对策与建议。
Prisoners' Minor-children has gradually been being a special minority group with Social structure reforming and economic system switch in recent years. It makes them have difficulty in fulfilling their guardianship responsibility and the foster duty that both or one of them serves a prison sentence in the jail, which changes their original life deeply——incomplete family, disintegrates, discontinues studies, as well as the street corner to roam about occurring sometimes. At the same time, the crime rate of Prisoners' Minor-children is higher than the other children, which may affect their body and mind to develop and the harm the society's harmony to be stable. So it is in a hurry to research the rescue of the Prisoners' Minor-children under this background.
On the basis of theoretical research on Prisoners' Minor-children and the rescue about them, the paper analyses the Prisoners' Minor- children's survival present situation and the social rescue present situation by using the way of interview, inspection and the questionnaire survey. And pointing out that the survival present situation of Prisoners' Minor-children is very serious, and many problems exist in current society rescues aspects, laws, regulations or rescue system and so on, which should be solved immediately. Through the further analysis about the successful experience and the deficiency of management mechanism, rescue pattern in Dalian Sunshine Children Village, the paper further proves the rationality and advantage to establish the society rescue system binding with government and local militia, on the basis of which, the paper puts forward several suggestions about how to rescue Prisoners' Minor-children, including consummating related laws and regulations, consummating government's function, initiatively establishing special funds to Prisoners' Minor-children and the rescue system involved with all the people.
引文
[1]陈燕红.家庭缺失对儿童社会化的影响及对策—基于对“善恩园”的孩子家庭教育调查的若干思考[J].山东省团校学报,2007(3):12-14.
[2]常杨.在离开父母的日子里-中国首家罪犯子女儿童村纪实[M].西安:未来出版社,2000.
[3]郑霞泽.服刑人员未成年女子现状调查[M].北京:法律出版社,2006.
[4]王思斌.社会工作导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[5]张雪梅.我国服刑人员未成年子女保护问题研究[J].法制日报,2004(1):24-26.
[6]仇凤琴,黄永兰,孙文英.犯罪青少年的父母养育方式调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2003(8).
[7]卢琦.“监狱服刑人员未成年子女基本情况调查”综述[J].青少年犯罪,2006(6):71-77.
[8]任云兰.弱势群体的社会救助——历史与现实的反思[J].南方论丛,2006(2):88-92.
[9]苏振芳.转型时期弱势群体的社会救助[J].福建行政学院福建经济管理干部学院学报,2007(1):23-26.
[10]徐浙宁,冯萍.服刑家庭子女生活状况及发展需求调查[J].青年研究,2005(6):41-49.
[11]周军,唐兴霖,赵俊梅.我国非政府组织与政府间的关系——以草根环境NGO为例[J].理论探讨,2008(6):141-144.
[12]王名.中国NGO研究——以个案研究为中心[M].联合国区域发展中心,清华大学NGO研究所,2000:13-14.
[13]Gabel S.Children of incarcerated and criminal parents:Adjustment,Behavior,and prognosis.Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry Law 20,1992,33-45.
[14]GaudinJ &Sutphen R.Foster care vs.extended family care for children of incarcerated mothers.Journal of offender Rehabilitation,19(3/4),1993,129-147.
[15]Linda Jucovy.Amachi:Mentoring Children of Prisoners in Philadelp hia.Philadelphia:Public/Private Ventures and Center for Research on Religion and Urban Civil Society.2003.[EB/OL].[2008211212].http://www.ppv.org/ppv/publications/assets/21_publication.pdf
[16]刘新玲,杨优君.我国服刑人员未成年子女的救助考察——以北京“太阳村”为个案[J].福建行政学院福建经济管理干部学院学报,2007(5):45-48.
[17]中国青少年研究中心“民间儿童救助组织调查”课题组.民间儿童救助组织调查报告——现状、问题与对策[J].中国青年研究,2006(5):14-19.
[18]孙梦云,袁燕,周小清.对服刑人员未成年子女的帮扶途径[J].法制经纬,2009(8):23-26.
[19]刘新玲,杨优君,张金霞.福建“善恩园”服刑人员未成年子女救助模式研究[J].福建教育学院学报,2009(2):20-23.
[20]刘汉山.家庭寄养是孤残儿童的最佳养育模式——大同54年孤儿家庭寄养实践的启示[J].社会福利,2003(10):17-20.
[21]陈仲平.福建省家长服刑的子女家庭教育调查研究[J].福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(2).
[22]杜亚松,包水娟等.十类特殊家庭子女心理卫生状况的研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2002(1):41-43.
[23]汪向东.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志出版社,1999.
[24]张卫英、陈琰.国家机关在法律孤儿社会救助中的作用[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2008(4):34-37.
[25]邓小俊.处在法律边缘的罪犯子女儿童村--儿童权益保障立法模式的选择与实务[J].青少年犯罪研究,2005(2):34-37.
[26]刘新玲,张金霞,杨优君.中美服刑人员未成年子女救助的理论与实践比较[J].福建行政学院学报,2009(1):40.
[27]肖冬冬.关于完善流浪儿童救助体系研究[D].暨南:暨南大学,2009.
[28]尤雪云.太阳村--法律孤儿温暖的家[J].人权,2007(1):38-42.
[29]邓敏玲.浅谈转型期的中国政府与NGO关系[J].中山大学研究生学刊(社会科学版),2006(4):51-58.
[30]乔坤,马晓蕾.论案例研究法语实证研究法的结合[J].管理案例研究与评论,2008(1):62-67.
[31]陶志琼.关于感恩教育的几个问题的探讨[J].教育科学,2004(8):9-12.
[32]张伟珍.从慈善组织公信力维度论中国慈善事业的发展[J].中共四川省委党校学报,2007(4):78-80.
[33]张旭.唤醒责任伦理的自觉--服刑人员未成年子女教育的伦理思考[J].哈尔滨学院学报,2008(11):10-14.
[34]Laver M.Incarcerated parents:What you should know when handling an abuse o r neglect case.Child Law Practice,2001,20(10):45-159.
[35]宋伟.扶助“特殊孤儿”需要填补法律空白[N].人民日报,2007,2,7(15).
[36]郭欣.浅谈服刑人员未成年子女的社会保护问题[J],湖南公安高等专科学校学报,2006(4):89-92.
[37]谁来救助“法律孤儿”[J/OL].[2006.6.3].http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-06-03/09409107195s.shtml.
[38]严浩仁,陈鹏忠,殷导忠.服刑人员未成年子女生存状况与社会救助研究--对浙江常山县、开化县利平湖市的调查[J].法治研究,2009(3):67-71.
[39]朱华燕,朱华军.服刑人员未成年子女生存状况实地调查--以浙江宁波某县为例[J].青年研究,2008(4):7-13.
[40]杜静,范召全.服刑人员未成年子女民间救助机构的现状研究--基于西安儿童村的调查报告[J].社会调查《社会工作》学术版,2007(1):26-29.
[41]杨优君.我国非政府组织参与弱势青少年救助的研究[D].福州:福州大学,2007.
[42]巫昌祯.婚姻与继承法学[M].北京:中国政法大学,1997.
[2]常杨.在离开父母的日子里-中国首家罪犯子女儿童村纪实[M].西安:未来出版社,2000.
[3]郑霞泽.服刑人员未成年女子现状调查[M].北京:法律出版社,2006.
[4]王思斌.社会工作导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[5]张雪梅.我国服刑人员未成年子女保护问题研究[J].法制日报,2004(1):24-26.
[6]仇凤琴,黄永兰,孙文英.犯罪青少年的父母养育方式调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2003(8).
[7]卢琦.“监狱服刑人员未成年子女基本情况调查”综述[J].青少年犯罪,2006(6):71-77.
[8]任云兰.弱势群体的社会救助——历史与现实的反思[J].南方论丛,2006(2):88-92.
[9]苏振芳.转型时期弱势群体的社会救助[J].福建行政学院福建经济管理干部学院学报,2007(1):23-26.
[10]徐浙宁,冯萍.服刑家庭子女生活状况及发展需求调查[J].青年研究,2005(6):41-49.
[11]周军,唐兴霖,赵俊梅.我国非政府组织与政府间的关系——以草根环境NGO为例[J].理论探讨,2008(6):141-144.
[12]王名.中国NGO研究——以个案研究为中心[M].联合国区域发展中心,清华大学NGO研究所,2000:13-14.
[13]Gabel S.Children of incarcerated and criminal parents:Adjustment,Behavior,and prognosis.Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry Law 20,1992,33-45.
[14]GaudinJ &Sutphen R.Foster care vs.extended family care for children of incarcerated mothers.Journal of offender Rehabilitation,19(3/4),1993,129-147.
[15]Linda Jucovy.Amachi:Mentoring Children of Prisoners in Philadelp hia.Philadelphia:Public/Private Ventures and Center for Research on Religion and Urban Civil Society.2003.[EB/OL].[2008211212].http://www.ppv.org/ppv/publications/assets/21_publication.pdf
[16]刘新玲,杨优君.我国服刑人员未成年子女的救助考察——以北京“太阳村”为个案[J].福建行政学院福建经济管理干部学院学报,2007(5):45-48.
[17]中国青少年研究中心“民间儿童救助组织调查”课题组.民间儿童救助组织调查报告——现状、问题与对策[J].中国青年研究,2006(5):14-19.
[18]孙梦云,袁燕,周小清.对服刑人员未成年子女的帮扶途径[J].法制经纬,2009(8):23-26.
[19]刘新玲,杨优君,张金霞.福建“善恩园”服刑人员未成年子女救助模式研究[J].福建教育学院学报,2009(2):20-23.
[20]刘汉山.家庭寄养是孤残儿童的最佳养育模式——大同54年孤儿家庭寄养实践的启示[J].社会福利,2003(10):17-20.
[21]陈仲平.福建省家长服刑的子女家庭教育调查研究[J].福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(2).
[22]杜亚松,包水娟等.十类特殊家庭子女心理卫生状况的研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2002(1):41-43.
[23]汪向东.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志出版社,1999.
[24]张卫英、陈琰.国家机关在法律孤儿社会救助中的作用[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2008(4):34-37.
[25]邓小俊.处在法律边缘的罪犯子女儿童村--儿童权益保障立法模式的选择与实务[J].青少年犯罪研究,2005(2):34-37.
[26]刘新玲,张金霞,杨优君.中美服刑人员未成年子女救助的理论与实践比较[J].福建行政学院学报,2009(1):40.
[27]肖冬冬.关于完善流浪儿童救助体系研究[D].暨南:暨南大学,2009.
[28]尤雪云.太阳村--法律孤儿温暖的家[J].人权,2007(1):38-42.
[29]邓敏玲.浅谈转型期的中国政府与NGO关系[J].中山大学研究生学刊(社会科学版),2006(4):51-58.
[30]乔坤,马晓蕾.论案例研究法语实证研究法的结合[J].管理案例研究与评论,2008(1):62-67.
[31]陶志琼.关于感恩教育的几个问题的探讨[J].教育科学,2004(8):9-12.
[32]张伟珍.从慈善组织公信力维度论中国慈善事业的发展[J].中共四川省委党校学报,2007(4):78-80.
[33]张旭.唤醒责任伦理的自觉--服刑人员未成年子女教育的伦理思考[J].哈尔滨学院学报,2008(11):10-14.
[34]Laver M.Incarcerated parents:What you should know when handling an abuse o r neglect case.Child Law Practice,2001,20(10):45-159.
[35]宋伟.扶助“特殊孤儿”需要填补法律空白[N].人民日报,2007,2,7(15).
[36]郭欣.浅谈服刑人员未成年子女的社会保护问题[J],湖南公安高等专科学校学报,2006(4):89-92.
[37]谁来救助“法律孤儿”[J/OL].[2006.6.3].http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-06-03/09409107195s.shtml.
[38]严浩仁,陈鹏忠,殷导忠.服刑人员未成年子女生存状况与社会救助研究--对浙江常山县、开化县利平湖市的调查[J].法治研究,2009(3):67-71.
[39]朱华燕,朱华军.服刑人员未成年子女生存状况实地调查--以浙江宁波某县为例[J].青年研究,2008(4):7-13.
[40]杜静,范召全.服刑人员未成年子女民间救助机构的现状研究--基于西安儿童村的调查报告[J].社会调查《社会工作》学术版,2007(1):26-29.
[41]杨优君.我国非政府组织参与弱势青少年救助的研究[D].福州:福州大学,2007.
[42]巫昌祯.婚姻与继承法学[M].北京:中国政法大学,1997.