承载夹层复合材料的轻量化设计方法及其应用研究
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摘要
产品轻量化技术是轻量化结构、轻量化材料和轻量化制造等的单一技术或集成技术的统称,是工业技术发展的必然趋势和企业追求的目标。承载夹层复合材料是由高强度的面板与轻质芯材组成的一种典型的轻量化结构材料,因其具有质量轻、比刚度与比强度大、抗失稳能力强等优点而得到广泛工程应用。论文以承载夹层复合材料为研究对象,系统研究其轻量化设计方法,并以承载箱式件为实例,研究工程应用技术,以期在重量、性能和成本等多目标中达到最佳结合点,实现轻量化。论文的主要研究工作如下：
(1)在分析承载夹层复合材料力学特性的基础上,运用复合材料和材料力学理论,推导承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的强度、刚度和重量的计算公式；结合工程实例,提出相应的计算方法。
(2)分析承载夹层复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构的力学性能,建立蜂窝夹芯结构的力学等效模型,导出蜂窝夹芯结构的等效弹性常数的计算公式；结合工程实例,提出蜂窝夹芯结构力学性能仿真分析方法。
(3)从结构轻量化设计的角度,分析承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的轻量化设计要求；针对单约束条件下的承载夹层复合材料夹层结构进行轻量化设计,提出单约束承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的轻量化设计方法。
(4)分析承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的多约束条件,运用多约束优化设计理论,构建承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的多约束优化设计数学模型,提出多约束承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的轻量化设计方法,并通过工程实例进行验证。
(5)从材料轻量化设计的角度,对承载夹层复合材料进行轻量化设计,建立承载夹层复合材料的轻量化设计过程模型；运用等效板理论,构建承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的力学等效模型,推导等效模型的弹性常数的计算公式；结合具体实例,提出承载夹层复合材料的轻量化设计方法。
最后,以某型地埋升降式压缩垃圾站箱体为应用对象,对箱体载荷进行分析,建立箱体的压缩垃圾分布载荷模型；采用承载夹层复合材料替代箱体原有的材料,运用承载夹层复合材料的轻量化设计方法,对箱体进行轻量化设计；在此基础上,对轻量化的箱体进行有限元仿真分析,验证轻量化设计方案的正确性和可行性。经工程实践说明本文所提出的方法可用于工程,并能产生良好的效果。
As an inevitable trend of industrial technology's development and a seeking goal of enterprises, lightweight technology of product is the single technology or integration technology of lightweight structural design, lightweight materials and lightweight manufacturing. Loaded sandwich structure composite is a kind of typical lightweight structural material which is composed of high strength faceskins and lightweight core and is increasingly applied to engineering due to its superior properties like lightweight, high strength, high stiffness and good stability and so on. Aiming at loaded sandwich structure composite, this dissertation has a systematic study on the loaded sandwich structure composite's lightweight design method. The lightweight design of loaded box-type components and parts is taken as an example to seek a best joint among the multiple objects of weight, performance and cost in order to eventually realize the box components and parts'lightweight. The main research contents of this dissertation are as follows.
(1) On the basis of analysis about mechanical properties of loaded sandwich structure composite, the strength, stiffness and weight's formulas of loaded sandwich structure are deduced according to composite material mechanics and mechanics of materials theories and also according to engineering examples, corresponding calculation method is proposed.
(2) Based on analysis of honeycomb sandwich structure's mechanical properties of loaded sandwich structure composite, the mechanical equivalent model of honeycomb sandwich structure is established, and the equivalent elastic constants' formulas of honeycomb sandwich structure are deduced. At the same time, based on the engineering cases, the simulation analysis method of honeycomb sandwich structure's mechanical properties is proposed.
(3) In terms of structural lightweight design, sandwich structure's lightweight design requirements of loaded sandwich structure composite are analyzed. Aiming at the lightweight design of loaded sandwich structure under single-constraint conditions, the method of the lightweight design is proposed.
(4) The multi-constraint conditions of loaded sandwich structure are analyzed, and optimal design theory of multi-constraint is used to build the multi-constraint optimization model of loaded sandwich structure; by means of multi-constraint optimal design theory, the lightweight design method of the loaded sandwich structure under multi-constraint condition is proposed and also is verified well according to an engineering example's analysis.
(5) From the point of material lightweight design, lightweight loaded sandwich structure composite is designed and the model of its design process is built. In accordance with equivalent plate theory, the mechanical equivalent model of loaded sandwich structure is established and elastic constants'formulas of the equivalent model are deduced; According to a specific example, the lightweight design method of loaded sandwich structure composite is proposed.
Finally, the box of a certain type of underground lifting compression garbage station is taken as an application example. The box's loads are analyzed and the distributed loads model of box is set up. Loaded sandwich structure composite is applied to the box instead of the original material, and the lightweight design of box is realized by means of the lightweight design method of loaded sandwich structure composite. Accordingly, lightweight box's finite element analysis and simulation are carried out to verify the correctness and feasibility of the lightweight design solution. The proposed methods in the dissertation can apply to engineering and have good effects according to engineering practice's results.
(1)在分析承载夹层复合材料力学特性的基础上,运用复合材料和材料力学理论,推导承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的强度、刚度和重量的计算公式；结合工程实例,提出相应的计算方法。
(2)分析承载夹层复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构的力学性能,建立蜂窝夹芯结构的力学等效模型,导出蜂窝夹芯结构的等效弹性常数的计算公式；结合工程实例,提出蜂窝夹芯结构力学性能仿真分析方法。
(3)从结构轻量化设计的角度,分析承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的轻量化设计要求；针对单约束条件下的承载夹层复合材料夹层结构进行轻量化设计,提出单约束承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的轻量化设计方法。
(4)分析承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的多约束条件,运用多约束优化设计理论,构建承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的多约束优化设计数学模型,提出多约束承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的轻量化设计方法,并通过工程实例进行验证。
(5)从材料轻量化设计的角度,对承载夹层复合材料进行轻量化设计,建立承载夹层复合材料的轻量化设计过程模型；运用等效板理论,构建承载夹层复合材料夹层结构的力学等效模型,推导等效模型的弹性常数的计算公式；结合具体实例,提出承载夹层复合材料的轻量化设计方法。
最后,以某型地埋升降式压缩垃圾站箱体为应用对象,对箱体载荷进行分析,建立箱体的压缩垃圾分布载荷模型；采用承载夹层复合材料替代箱体原有的材料,运用承载夹层复合材料的轻量化设计方法,对箱体进行轻量化设计；在此基础上,对轻量化的箱体进行有限元仿真分析,验证轻量化设计方案的正确性和可行性。经工程实践说明本文所提出的方法可用于工程,并能产生良好的效果。
As an inevitable trend of industrial technology's development and a seeking goal of enterprises, lightweight technology of product is the single technology or integration technology of lightweight structural design, lightweight materials and lightweight manufacturing. Loaded sandwich structure composite is a kind of typical lightweight structural material which is composed of high strength faceskins and lightweight core and is increasingly applied to engineering due to its superior properties like lightweight, high strength, high stiffness and good stability and so on. Aiming at loaded sandwich structure composite, this dissertation has a systematic study on the loaded sandwich structure composite's lightweight design method. The lightweight design of loaded box-type components and parts is taken as an example to seek a best joint among the multiple objects of weight, performance and cost in order to eventually realize the box components and parts'lightweight. The main research contents of this dissertation are as follows.
(1) On the basis of analysis about mechanical properties of loaded sandwich structure composite, the strength, stiffness and weight's formulas of loaded sandwich structure are deduced according to composite material mechanics and mechanics of materials theories and also according to engineering examples, corresponding calculation method is proposed.
(2) Based on analysis of honeycomb sandwich structure's mechanical properties of loaded sandwich structure composite, the mechanical equivalent model of honeycomb sandwich structure is established, and the equivalent elastic constants' formulas of honeycomb sandwich structure are deduced. At the same time, based on the engineering cases, the simulation analysis method of honeycomb sandwich structure's mechanical properties is proposed.
(3) In terms of structural lightweight design, sandwich structure's lightweight design requirements of loaded sandwich structure composite are analyzed. Aiming at the lightweight design of loaded sandwich structure under single-constraint conditions, the method of the lightweight design is proposed.
(4) The multi-constraint conditions of loaded sandwich structure are analyzed, and optimal design theory of multi-constraint is used to build the multi-constraint optimization model of loaded sandwich structure; by means of multi-constraint optimal design theory, the lightweight design method of the loaded sandwich structure under multi-constraint condition is proposed and also is verified well according to an engineering example's analysis.
(5) From the point of material lightweight design, lightweight loaded sandwich structure composite is designed and the model of its design process is built. In accordance with equivalent plate theory, the mechanical equivalent model of loaded sandwich structure is established and elastic constants'formulas of the equivalent model are deduced; According to a specific example, the lightweight design method of loaded sandwich structure composite is proposed.
Finally, the box of a certain type of underground lifting compression garbage station is taken as an application example. The box's loads are analyzed and the distributed loads model of box is set up. Loaded sandwich structure composite is applied to the box instead of the original material, and the lightweight design of box is realized by means of the lightweight design method of loaded sandwich structure composite. Accordingly, lightweight box's finite element analysis and simulation are carried out to verify the correctness and feasibility of the lightweight design solution. The proposed methods in the dissertation can apply to engineering and have good effects according to engineering practice's results.
引文
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