水轮机轴系系统虚拟样机建模及分析研究
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摘要
虚拟样机具有传统开发模式所无法替代的优势,它可以显著地提高设计质量、降低产品开发成本。由于灯泡贯流式发电机是目前低水头发电设备的主流产品,具有结构复杂、技术含量高等特点,因此属于典型复杂机械产品范畴。本文所研究的轴系转动部件是水轮机组关键部件之一,由于轴系转动部件(尤其是转轮)所处工作环境非常复杂,存在许多未知因素,因此运用虚拟样机技术对轴系系统进行建模分析研究,具有十分重要的意义。本论文的研究工作主要包括以下几个方面。
(1)分析了在复杂产品开发及研制阶段虚拟样机技术的应用,阐述了串并行相结合的新型产品开发模式;通过层次化信息分解,提出了复杂产品虚拟样机数学表示方式。对ADAMS虚拟样机仿真软件的求解方法及相关理论做了详细的分析。
(2)结合水轮发电机转轮的技术特点及相关参数,指出了水轮机转轮强度及模态分析重要意义,对4种工况下转轮的应力应变分布进行深入研究。最后对水轮机转轮的动力学模态做了分析研究。
(3)基于虚拟样机建模理论,结合灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组轴系系统的开发、制造特点,研究了复杂产品虚拟样机建模技术的理论基础。通过对整个转动轴系的仿真计算,得出了在额定转速条件下,组合轴承及支撑轴承所承受支反力的变化规律,验证了轴承强度。并且得到了水轮机从静止状态到飞逸状态的过渡过程中,两个轴承受力变化规律。对轴系转动部件的振动性能进行了探索性的研究,得出了在不同刚度的轴承组合方案下,轴系系统的固有频率及临界转速的变化。
Virtual Prototyping Technology has the advantage that will never be replace by other method. It is able to improve the designing quality and reduce product cost .Bulb tubular-turbine generator has been widely used at present. It is bulk、complex and high- Technology . Therefore, it is typical complex machine. One of the key parts of Bulb tubular-turbine generator is Turbine Shaft System. But the working condition of the Turbine Shaft System (especially Turbine Runner) is extremely complex. There is a great deal of unknown factor so that it is very important to describe its running rule by math model. So it is significative to carry on investigations on dynamics and statics of turbine shaft system by Virtual Prototyping Technology.
The content of this paper is:
(1) The application of the Virtual Prototyping Technology in the phase of the development of the complicated produce is explored. The module、solution method and related theory in detail are discussed in the paper.
(2) Combined with the specialty and related parameter of the turbine generator runner, the importance of intension and mode analysis of the runner is pointed out. Besides, the stress and deformation is researched deeply.In conclusion, the dynamics mode of the turbine generator runner is also researched in the paper.
(3) Based on Virtual Prototyping modeling theory, associated with the peculiarity of Bulb tubular-turbine generator shaft system, the virtual prototyping modeling theory of the complicated system is investigated in the paper. Via the emulation of the whole shaft system, the force change rule of the supporting bearing under the rated speed condition is obtained. The force change rule when the speed rises from stillness to run-away speed is also acquired. The exploratory researches are also maked on vibrancy performance of the shaft system in the paper.
(1)分析了在复杂产品开发及研制阶段虚拟样机技术的应用,阐述了串并行相结合的新型产品开发模式;通过层次化信息分解,提出了复杂产品虚拟样机数学表示方式。对ADAMS虚拟样机仿真软件的求解方法及相关理论做了详细的分析。
(2)结合水轮发电机转轮的技术特点及相关参数,指出了水轮机转轮强度及模态分析重要意义,对4种工况下转轮的应力应变分布进行深入研究。最后对水轮机转轮的动力学模态做了分析研究。
(3)基于虚拟样机建模理论,结合灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组轴系系统的开发、制造特点,研究了复杂产品虚拟样机建模技术的理论基础。通过对整个转动轴系的仿真计算,得出了在额定转速条件下,组合轴承及支撑轴承所承受支反力的变化规律,验证了轴承强度。并且得到了水轮机从静止状态到飞逸状态的过渡过程中,两个轴承受力变化规律。对轴系转动部件的振动性能进行了探索性的研究,得出了在不同刚度的轴承组合方案下,轴系系统的固有频率及临界转速的变化。
Virtual Prototyping Technology has the advantage that will never be replace by other method. It is able to improve the designing quality and reduce product cost .Bulb tubular-turbine generator has been widely used at present. It is bulk、complex and high- Technology . Therefore, it is typical complex machine. One of the key parts of Bulb tubular-turbine generator is Turbine Shaft System. But the working condition of the Turbine Shaft System (especially Turbine Runner) is extremely complex. There is a great deal of unknown factor so that it is very important to describe its running rule by math model. So it is significative to carry on investigations on dynamics and statics of turbine shaft system by Virtual Prototyping Technology.
The content of this paper is:
(1) The application of the Virtual Prototyping Technology in the phase of the development of the complicated produce is explored. The module、solution method and related theory in detail are discussed in the paper.
(2) Combined with the specialty and related parameter of the turbine generator runner, the importance of intension and mode analysis of the runner is pointed out. Besides, the stress and deformation is researched deeply.In conclusion, the dynamics mode of the turbine generator runner is also researched in the paper.
(3) Based on Virtual Prototyping modeling theory, associated with the peculiarity of Bulb tubular-turbine generator shaft system, the virtual prototyping modeling theory of the complicated system is investigated in the paper. Via the emulation of the whole shaft system, the force change rule of the supporting bearing under the rated speed condition is obtained. The force change rule when the speed rises from stillness to run-away speed is also acquired. The exploratory researches are also maked on vibrancy performance of the shaft system in the paper.
引文
[1]郑凯,胡仁喜.ADAMS 2005机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[2]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[3]李瑞涛,方嵋,张文明.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用[J].机电一体化,2000,(5):17-19.
[4]范文慧.虚拟样机技术研究[J].系统仿真学报.2004,(9):26-34.
[5]Todd D S, Sen P. Distributed task scheduling an allocation using [J].Computer&Industrial Enginerring,1999,(3):47-50.
[6]Kimura F.Product and process modeling as a kernel for virtual manufacturing environment[J].Annuals of the CIRP,1993,42(1):147-50.
[7]Mitchell M Tseng,Jianxin Jiao,Chuan-Jun Su.Virtual prototyping forcustomized product development[J].Integrated Manufacturing Systems,1998:9(6):334-343.
[8]熊光楞.虚拟样机技术[J].系统仿真学报,2001,13(1):114-ll7.
[9]李瑞涛.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用[J].机电一体化,2000,(5):17-19.
[10]王克明.复杂产品虚拟样机开发关键技术研究[D].北京:北京大学,2002.
[11]王鹏,李伯虎.复杂产品虚拟样机协同仿真建模技术研究[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(4):34-48.
[12]黄浩东,陈宗基.虚拟原型技术及控制工程中的虚拟原型机[J].北京航空航天大学学报, 1999,25(3):69-72.
[13]赵雯,王维平,朱一凡.武器系统虚拟样机技术研究[J].国防科技大学学报, 1999,21(1):73-94.
[14]Durstewitz, M .Kiefner.Virtual collaboration environment for aircraft design [J].Information Visualisation, 2002,(6):502-507.
[15]陶品.虚拟装配仿真平台的研究与实现[J].系统仿真学报,2001,(6): 704-706.
[16]王哲,王知行.联机床工作空间分析及实时运动仿真的研究[J].中国机械土程,2001,12(9):969-972.
[17]潘海寿.复杂机械的虚拟样机技术[D].南京:南京理工大学,2001.
[18]HoSday .Product complexity innovation and industrial organization[J]. Resenrch Policy,1998,(26): 689- 719.
[19] Hanscn K, Rush H.Hotspots in Complex Product Systems Emerging issues in innovation management[J].Technovation,1998,18(9):555-561.
[20] Mike Hobday. Complex System vs Mass Production Industries[J].A New Innovation Research Agenda,1996,(23):756-763.
[21]隋鹏飞.复杂产品系统早期开发阶段数字样机的研究[J].制造业自动化,2004,(26):25-33.
[22]张炜.新经济时代新的创新管理范畴[J].经济管理,2001(16):69-75.
[23]Stefano Brusoni, Andrea Prencipe, Keith Pavitt. Knowledge Specia- lization and the Boundaries of the Firms[M]. CoPS Publication,2000.
[24]陈曦,吴慧中.复杂产品虚拟样机概念设计技术研究[J].系统仿真学报,2005(17):2150-2156.
[25]蔡秉烨,钟静蓉.结构化教材设计法之理论与应用[J].电化教育研究,2003,(2):41-50.
[26]曾诚,解明曙,梁文艳,等.解析结构模型在中水工艺优选系统模型中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2006,17(3):22-25.
[27]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002.
[28]袁士杰.吕哲勤.多刚体系统动力学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.
[29]He Guo Ren,Huang Fu Wen. Research and Testing of the Hydraulic Performance of S-type Tubular Turbine[J].Fluids Engineering Division,2001,(43):11-17.
[30]杨晓琳.浅析灯泡贯流式机组的选型设计[J].人民长江,1996,27 (3) :24-26.
[31] Zhou Bolin,Zhu Hongan.Construction of Hydropower Station with Bulb Tubular Type Units[J].Yangtze River,1997,28(7):22-24.
[32]Feng, Yanxiang.Improvement on bulb tubular turbine unit at Majitang water power plant[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine, 1998 (2):41-42.
[33]田树棠.贯流式水轮发电机组及其选择方法[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000.
[34]陶红,姜剑锋.大中型灯泡贯流式水轮机结构简介[J].电站系统工程,2003,19(6):36-37.
[35]马锐,刘宇华.洪江电站灯泡贯流式水轮发电机的结构设计[J].黑龙江电力,2003,19(2):110-115.
[36]徐燕申,侯亮,张连洪,等.液压机广义模块化设计原理及其应用[J].机械设计,2001,(7):1-3.
[37]张学玲.基于广义模块化设计的机械结构静、动态特性分析及优化设计[D].天津:天津大学,2004.
[38]徐丽萍.面向产品族的液压机广义模块化设计研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004.
[39]李成家,张双平.水轮机转轮裂纹的检测分析与研究[J].西北电力技术,2001,(6):134-165.
[40]廖伟丽,张海平,梁武科.AutoCAD在水轮机设计中的应用[J].陕西水力发电,1995,ll(4):53-56.
[41]傅志方.振动模态分析与参数辨识[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[42]熊有伦.机器人技术基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1992.(9):72-92.
[43]白延年.水轮发电机设计与计算[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[44]陈立平,张云清,任卫群,等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[45]董毓新.水轮发电机组振动[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1989.
[46]荣吉利.邹经湘,张嘉钟.水电机组轴系横向自振特性的有限元计算方法与结果分析[J].中国电机工程学报.1997,17(1):33—41.
[47]陈贵清.大型水轮发电机组转子轴系由电磁参数激发的弯曲及扭转非线性振动研究[D].天津:天津大学,1998.
[48]钟一锷、何衍宗、王正.转子动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1987.
[49]张伟.面向生命周期的复杂产品数字样机建模方法的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[50]任艳燕,李志和.灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组轴系振动及静挠度计算分析[J].大电机技术,2003,(3):17-20.
[2]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[3]李瑞涛,方嵋,张文明.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用[J].机电一体化,2000,(5):17-19.
[4]范文慧.虚拟样机技术研究[J].系统仿真学报.2004,(9):26-34.
[5]Todd D S, Sen P. Distributed task scheduling an allocation using [J].Computer&Industrial Enginerring,1999,(3):47-50.
[6]Kimura F.Product and process modeling as a kernel for virtual manufacturing environment[J].Annuals of the CIRP,1993,42(1):147-50.
[7]Mitchell M Tseng,Jianxin Jiao,Chuan-Jun Su.Virtual prototyping forcustomized product development[J].Integrated Manufacturing Systems,1998:9(6):334-343.
[8]熊光楞.虚拟样机技术[J].系统仿真学报,2001,13(1):114-ll7.
[9]李瑞涛.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用[J].机电一体化,2000,(5):17-19.
[10]王克明.复杂产品虚拟样机开发关键技术研究[D].北京:北京大学,2002.
[11]王鹏,李伯虎.复杂产品虚拟样机协同仿真建模技术研究[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(4):34-48.
[12]黄浩东,陈宗基.虚拟原型技术及控制工程中的虚拟原型机[J].北京航空航天大学学报, 1999,25(3):69-72.
[13]赵雯,王维平,朱一凡.武器系统虚拟样机技术研究[J].国防科技大学学报, 1999,21(1):73-94.
[14]Durstewitz, M .Kiefner.Virtual collaboration environment for aircraft design [J].Information Visualisation, 2002,(6):502-507.
[15]陶品.虚拟装配仿真平台的研究与实现[J].系统仿真学报,2001,(6): 704-706.
[16]王哲,王知行.联机床工作空间分析及实时运动仿真的研究[J].中国机械土程,2001,12(9):969-972.
[17]潘海寿.复杂机械的虚拟样机技术[D].南京:南京理工大学,2001.
[18]HoSday .Product complexity innovation and industrial organization[J]. Resenrch Policy,1998,(26): 689- 719.
[19] Hanscn K, Rush H.Hotspots in Complex Product Systems Emerging issues in innovation management[J].Technovation,1998,18(9):555-561.
[20] Mike Hobday. Complex System vs Mass Production Industries[J].A New Innovation Research Agenda,1996,(23):756-763.
[21]隋鹏飞.复杂产品系统早期开发阶段数字样机的研究[J].制造业自动化,2004,(26):25-33.
[22]张炜.新经济时代新的创新管理范畴[J].经济管理,2001(16):69-75.
[23]Stefano Brusoni, Andrea Prencipe, Keith Pavitt. Knowledge Specia- lization and the Boundaries of the Firms[M]. CoPS Publication,2000.
[24]陈曦,吴慧中.复杂产品虚拟样机概念设计技术研究[J].系统仿真学报,2005(17):2150-2156.
[25]蔡秉烨,钟静蓉.结构化教材设计法之理论与应用[J].电化教育研究,2003,(2):41-50.
[26]曾诚,解明曙,梁文艳,等.解析结构模型在中水工艺优选系统模型中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2006,17(3):22-25.
[27]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002.
[28]袁士杰.吕哲勤.多刚体系统动力学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.
[29]He Guo Ren,Huang Fu Wen. Research and Testing of the Hydraulic Performance of S-type Tubular Turbine[J].Fluids Engineering Division,2001,(43):11-17.
[30]杨晓琳.浅析灯泡贯流式机组的选型设计[J].人民长江,1996,27 (3) :24-26.
[31] Zhou Bolin,Zhu Hongan.Construction of Hydropower Station with Bulb Tubular Type Units[J].Yangtze River,1997,28(7):22-24.
[32]Feng, Yanxiang.Improvement on bulb tubular turbine unit at Majitang water power plant[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine, 1998 (2):41-42.
[33]田树棠.贯流式水轮发电机组及其选择方法[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000.
[34]陶红,姜剑锋.大中型灯泡贯流式水轮机结构简介[J].电站系统工程,2003,19(6):36-37.
[35]马锐,刘宇华.洪江电站灯泡贯流式水轮发电机的结构设计[J].黑龙江电力,2003,19(2):110-115.
[36]徐燕申,侯亮,张连洪,等.液压机广义模块化设计原理及其应用[J].机械设计,2001,(7):1-3.
[37]张学玲.基于广义模块化设计的机械结构静、动态特性分析及优化设计[D].天津:天津大学,2004.
[38]徐丽萍.面向产品族的液压机广义模块化设计研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004.
[39]李成家,张双平.水轮机转轮裂纹的检测分析与研究[J].西北电力技术,2001,(6):134-165.
[40]廖伟丽,张海平,梁武科.AutoCAD在水轮机设计中的应用[J].陕西水力发电,1995,ll(4):53-56.
[41]傅志方.振动模态分析与参数辨识[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[42]熊有伦.机器人技术基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1992.(9):72-92.
[43]白延年.水轮发电机设计与计算[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[44]陈立平,张云清,任卫群,等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[45]董毓新.水轮发电机组振动[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1989.
[46]荣吉利.邹经湘,张嘉钟.水电机组轴系横向自振特性的有限元计算方法与结果分析[J].中国电机工程学报.1997,17(1):33—41.
[47]陈贵清.大型水轮发电机组转子轴系由电磁参数激发的弯曲及扭转非线性振动研究[D].天津:天津大学,1998.
[48]钟一锷、何衍宗、王正.转子动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1987.
[49]张伟.面向生命周期的复杂产品数字样机建模方法的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[50]任艳燕,李志和.灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组轴系振动及静挠度计算分析[J].大电机技术,2003,(3):17-20.