升降横移式立体车库结构优化及控制策略分析
|
摘要
立体停车库是专门实现各种车辆的自动停放及科学寄存的仓储设施。随着城市汽车保有量的不断增加,停车难问题已经成为大中型城市的一个普遍现象。机械式立体停车库可充分利用土地资源,发挥空间优势,最大限度地停放车辆,成为解决城市静态交通问题的重要途径。本课题以较为典型的升降横移式立体车库为研究对象,综合考虑立体车库制造成本和运行效率的双重因素,对车库的钢结构及控制策略进行了分析优化。
本文在对国内外车库现状及发展趋势做了充分调研的基础上,选择三层四列式车库结构为研究模型。文章简单介绍了车库的主体结构和特点,对车库的控制系统也作了简单的说明,依据升降横移式立体车库的运行原理,对车库钢结构骨架进行了有限元分析,并通过强度理论进行校核,保证了车库的安全性;在有限元分析的基础上,对车库钢结构骨架进行合理优化,使车库钢结构重量减少了14%左右,降低了车库制造成本。
目前对车库的控制研究主要通过提升速度来提升车库的工作效率,这种效率的提升依赖于能耗的增加,降低了车库部件的使用寿命。文中我们对车库停车排队模型及控制策略进行了重点分析,通过对运筹学中的排队论进行深入研究,将M/M/1/N/∞排队理论应用于车库控制,并进行策略优化分析,选择原地待命策略为主控制策略,高峰期辅以停(取)车优先策略,有效提高了车库的运行效率,减少了能耗的损失,达到了很好的经济性。而且通过在立体车库控制中引入排队论和控制策略,对于多学科交叉的研究方式也作了一种很好的尝试。
Mechanical parking system is the storage which is used for automatic parking and scientific storage of kinds of automobile. As the quantity of urban automobile has increased continuously in nowadays, the hard-to-park problem has become a common phenomenon. Mechanical stereo garage can use land resource sufficiently and bring space advantage into play, and maximize the number of parking cars. It has become an important way for static traffic problem of cities. The issue studies the typic mechanical parking system which named up-down and translation stereo garage ,and regards of the two factors of cost of manufacture and operational efficiency synthetically, and analyses and optimizes the structure and the control strategies of the garage.
On the basis of investigation on current situation and developing trend of garage in domestic and abroad, we choose three-layer and four-formulistic garage structure as the research model. The paper simply introduces main structure and characteristics of garage and also gives a short introduction to its control system. The finite element analysis of steel structure of garage is utilized according to the operation principle of up-down and translation stereo garage, In order to guarantee the security of garage, it is checked according to the strength theory. Based on the finite element analysis ,reasonable optimization of steel structure of garage is performed. The weight of steel structure of garage is reduced by 14% or so and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Recent research on garage control is to improve work efficiency of the garage by rising the speed. But it depends on the increasing of energy consumption, and it makes the working life of the garage shorter. The paper emphatically analyzes the parking queue model of garage and control strategies. Through deep research on queuing theory of operation research , M/M/1/N/∞queuing theory is applied on garage control to optimize analysis on the strategies. We choose staying await orders strategy as the main control strategy aided with parking (taking) cars priority strategy at the rush hours. It can effectively promote the work efficiency of the garage and can reduce the loss in energy consumption, reaching high economic values. And it is also a good attempt at the research style of multi-crossed disciplines by introducing the queuing theory and control strategy into stereo garage control.
本文在对国内外车库现状及发展趋势做了充分调研的基础上,选择三层四列式车库结构为研究模型。文章简单介绍了车库的主体结构和特点,对车库的控制系统也作了简单的说明,依据升降横移式立体车库的运行原理,对车库钢结构骨架进行了有限元分析,并通过强度理论进行校核,保证了车库的安全性;在有限元分析的基础上,对车库钢结构骨架进行合理优化,使车库钢结构重量减少了14%左右,降低了车库制造成本。
目前对车库的控制研究主要通过提升速度来提升车库的工作效率,这种效率的提升依赖于能耗的增加,降低了车库部件的使用寿命。文中我们对车库停车排队模型及控制策略进行了重点分析,通过对运筹学中的排队论进行深入研究,将M/M/1/N/∞排队理论应用于车库控制,并进行策略优化分析,选择原地待命策略为主控制策略,高峰期辅以停(取)车优先策略,有效提高了车库的运行效率,减少了能耗的损失,达到了很好的经济性。而且通过在立体车库控制中引入排队论和控制策略,对于多学科交叉的研究方式也作了一种很好的尝试。
Mechanical parking system is the storage which is used for automatic parking and scientific storage of kinds of automobile. As the quantity of urban automobile has increased continuously in nowadays, the hard-to-park problem has become a common phenomenon. Mechanical stereo garage can use land resource sufficiently and bring space advantage into play, and maximize the number of parking cars. It has become an important way for static traffic problem of cities. The issue studies the typic mechanical parking system which named up-down and translation stereo garage ,and regards of the two factors of cost of manufacture and operational efficiency synthetically, and analyses and optimizes the structure and the control strategies of the garage.
On the basis of investigation on current situation and developing trend of garage in domestic and abroad, we choose three-layer and four-formulistic garage structure as the research model. The paper simply introduces main structure and characteristics of garage and also gives a short introduction to its control system. The finite element analysis of steel structure of garage is utilized according to the operation principle of up-down and translation stereo garage, In order to guarantee the security of garage, it is checked according to the strength theory. Based on the finite element analysis ,reasonable optimization of steel structure of garage is performed. The weight of steel structure of garage is reduced by 14% or so and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Recent research on garage control is to improve work efficiency of the garage by rising the speed. But it depends on the increasing of energy consumption, and it makes the working life of the garage shorter. The paper emphatically analyzes the parking queue model of garage and control strategies. Through deep research on queuing theory of operation research , M/M/1/N/∞queuing theory is applied on garage control to optimize analysis on the strategies. We choose staying await orders strategy as the main control strategy aided with parking (taking) cars priority strategy at the rush hours. It can effectively promote the work efficiency of the garage and can reduce the loss in energy consumption, reaching high economic values. And it is also a good attempt at the research style of multi-crossed disciplines by introducing the queuing theory and control strategy into stereo garage control.
引文
[1]任伯淼,余诚.机械式立体停车库[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001
[2]厦门市威通控制系统开发有限公司.浅谈停车场管理系统之未来趋势[J].电脑知识与技术(数字社区&智能家居),2006(4)
[3]李界家,原宝龙,朱栋华.智能停车场技术及发展趋势[J].房材与应用,2002(8):41-43
[4]王瑞刚,吴成东.立体停车场的发展现状与趋势[J].交通与运输,2005(2):20-21
[5]张献峰,孟祥海.城市中央商业区(CBD)停车需求发展状况探析[J].黑龙江交通科技,2006(9)
[6]张启君.立体车库的主要型式及技术特点[J].机电产品开发与创新,1999(2)
[7]涂桥安,蔡伟义等.双层立体停车库设计研究[J].机械制造与研究,2001(5)
[8]杨冬梅,高炳学.立体车库的布局设计[J].起重运输机械,2003(5)
[9]崔俊杰,续彦芳.链传动在自动化立体停车设备中的应用[J].机电产品开发与创新,2002(5)
[10]刘振全,龚海峰等.两种实用的提升型式在机械式立体车库中的应用[J].机械研究与应用,2003(9)
[11]刘惟信.机械最优化设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[12]万欣,朱敬德.堆跺式立体车库设计方案优化问题[J].机械工程师,2006
[13]荆友录,国兴玉.立体车库钢结构骨架的受力分析与结构优化[J].山东交通学院学报,2004,12(3)
[14]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[15]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[16]杜桂荣,彭斌等.多层升降横移式立体停车库的结构和控制系统[J].甘肃工业大学学报,2003(3)
[17]徐格宁.立体车库钢结构失效模式分析简化模拟及失效准则[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(19)
[18]徐格宁,王建民等.基于有限元理论的立体车库钢结构系统失效模式分析方法研究[J].结构及零件,2004
[19]徐灏.安全系数及许用应力[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[20]徐灏.机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[21]高有山.基于结构整体的有限元计算分析[J].机械管理开发,2004(3)
[22]岳玉梅,毛雅丽.立体车库有限元分析[J].机械设计与制造,2004
[23]徐格宁,杨瑞刚.立体车库钢结构失效模式及失效概率计算[J].起重运输机械,2004(3)
[24]胡仁喜.ANSYS 8.2机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[25]周宁.ANSYS机械工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[26]王崧,董春敏,金云平等.ANSYS理论与应用(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[27]汪荣鑫.数理统计[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000(9):104-115
[28]Donald G Firesmith.Object-oriented Requirements Analysis and Logical Design:A Software Engineering Approach[M].John Wiley &Sons Inc,1993:50-56.
[29]Ludo F Gelders,Jalal A shayeri.Micro-computer assisted design of an automated warehouse[A].Pro.of the 5th International Conf.on Automation in Warehouse[C].1999:43-47.
[30]M.Dorogo,V.Maniezzo and A.colorni,The Ant System:Optimization by a colony of an cooperating Agents.IEEE Transaction on systems,man and Cybernetics,Part-B,1996,26(1):1-13.
[31]M.Dorogo,G,Di Caro and L.M.Garo and Gambardella,Ant algorithms for discrete optimization[J].Artifical iife,1999,5(2):137-172.
[32]孟建军,杨泽青,蒋兆远.基于蚁群算法的大型自动化立体车库计算机监控软件设计[J].计算机应用与软件,2006,23(1)
[33]刘炜,张云生.立体车库监控系统.昆明理工大学研究生论文集,1998.(8):25-26
[34]潘耀芳.自动化立体车库的库位排列及成本优化[J].上海电力学院学报,2001(3)
[35]谭青,谢坚.电梯式立体车库能耗最优化控制决策[J].起重运输机械,2003
[36]钟肇新,彭侃.可编程控制器原理及应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,19991
[37]韩惠君.系统仿真[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985,6-55.
[38]Azadivar F.A Simulation-Optimization Approach to Optimum Storage and Retrieval Policies in an Automated Warehouse System.Proceedings of the 1984 Winter Simulation Conference[J],Dallas,Texas 1984,207-214.
[39]Bassan Y Roll,Rosenblatt M J.Internal Layout Design of a Warehouse[J].AIIE Transactions,1980,(12):317-322
[40]Han M,McGinnis L,Shieh J,et al.On Sequencing Retrievals in an Automated Storage/Retrieval System.IIE Transactions[J].1987,(19).
[41]Perry R F,Hoover S F,Freeman D R.Design of an Automated Storage/Retrieval System Using Simulation Modeling[J].Institute of Industrial Engineers.ICAW Proceedings,1983,57-63.
[42]Hwang H,Ko C S.A Study of Multi-Aisle System Served by a Single Storage/Retrieval Machine[J].1988,26(11):1727-1737.
[43]顾启泰.应用仿真技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[44]谭青,夏毅敏,李磊.THJ—XH电梯的振动系统建模与仿真.起重运输机械,2001(10)
[45]华兴.排队论与随机服务系统.上海:上海翻译出版公司,1984
[46]张汉杰,王锡仲,朱学莉.现代电梯控制技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001
[47]《运筹学》教材编写组.运筹学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[48]杨晓芬,肖华.自动化立体车库存取策略的比较分析[J].电气技术与自动化,2004,33(5)
[2]厦门市威通控制系统开发有限公司.浅谈停车场管理系统之未来趋势[J].电脑知识与技术(数字社区&智能家居),2006(4)
[3]李界家,原宝龙,朱栋华.智能停车场技术及发展趋势[J].房材与应用,2002(8):41-43
[4]王瑞刚,吴成东.立体停车场的发展现状与趋势[J].交通与运输,2005(2):20-21
[5]张献峰,孟祥海.城市中央商业区(CBD)停车需求发展状况探析[J].黑龙江交通科技,2006(9)
[6]张启君.立体车库的主要型式及技术特点[J].机电产品开发与创新,1999(2)
[7]涂桥安,蔡伟义等.双层立体停车库设计研究[J].机械制造与研究,2001(5)
[8]杨冬梅,高炳学.立体车库的布局设计[J].起重运输机械,2003(5)
[9]崔俊杰,续彦芳.链传动在自动化立体停车设备中的应用[J].机电产品开发与创新,2002(5)
[10]刘振全,龚海峰等.两种实用的提升型式在机械式立体车库中的应用[J].机械研究与应用,2003(9)
[11]刘惟信.机械最优化设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[12]万欣,朱敬德.堆跺式立体车库设计方案优化问题[J].机械工程师,2006
[13]荆友录,国兴玉.立体车库钢结构骨架的受力分析与结构优化[J].山东交通学院学报,2004,12(3)
[14]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[15]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[16]杜桂荣,彭斌等.多层升降横移式立体停车库的结构和控制系统[J].甘肃工业大学学报,2003(3)
[17]徐格宁.立体车库钢结构失效模式分析简化模拟及失效准则[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(19)
[18]徐格宁,王建民等.基于有限元理论的立体车库钢结构系统失效模式分析方法研究[J].结构及零件,2004
[19]徐灏.安全系数及许用应力[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[20]徐灏.机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[21]高有山.基于结构整体的有限元计算分析[J].机械管理开发,2004(3)
[22]岳玉梅,毛雅丽.立体车库有限元分析[J].机械设计与制造,2004
[23]徐格宁,杨瑞刚.立体车库钢结构失效模式及失效概率计算[J].起重运输机械,2004(3)
[24]胡仁喜.ANSYS 8.2机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[25]周宁.ANSYS机械工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[26]王崧,董春敏,金云平等.ANSYS理论与应用(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[27]汪荣鑫.数理统计[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000(9):104-115
[28]Donald G Firesmith.Object-oriented Requirements Analysis and Logical Design:A Software Engineering Approach[M].John Wiley &Sons Inc,1993:50-56.
[29]Ludo F Gelders,Jalal A shayeri.Micro-computer assisted design of an automated warehouse[A].Pro.of the 5th International Conf.on Automation in Warehouse[C].1999:43-47.
[30]M.Dorogo,V.Maniezzo and A.colorni,The Ant System:Optimization by a colony of an cooperating Agents.IEEE Transaction on systems,man and Cybernetics,Part-B,1996,26(1):1-13.
[31]M.Dorogo,G,Di Caro and L.M.Garo and Gambardella,Ant algorithms for discrete optimization[J].Artifical iife,1999,5(2):137-172.
[32]孟建军,杨泽青,蒋兆远.基于蚁群算法的大型自动化立体车库计算机监控软件设计[J].计算机应用与软件,2006,23(1)
[33]刘炜,张云生.立体车库监控系统.昆明理工大学研究生论文集,1998.(8):25-26
[34]潘耀芳.自动化立体车库的库位排列及成本优化[J].上海电力学院学报,2001(3)
[35]谭青,谢坚.电梯式立体车库能耗最优化控制决策[J].起重运输机械,2003
[36]钟肇新,彭侃.可编程控制器原理及应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,19991
[37]韩惠君.系统仿真[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985,6-55.
[38]Azadivar F.A Simulation-Optimization Approach to Optimum Storage and Retrieval Policies in an Automated Warehouse System.Proceedings of the 1984 Winter Simulation Conference[J],Dallas,Texas 1984,207-214.
[39]Bassan Y Roll,Rosenblatt M J.Internal Layout Design of a Warehouse[J].AIIE Transactions,1980,(12):317-322
[40]Han M,McGinnis L,Shieh J,et al.On Sequencing Retrievals in an Automated Storage/Retrieval System.IIE Transactions[J].1987,(19).
[41]Perry R F,Hoover S F,Freeman D R.Design of an Automated Storage/Retrieval System Using Simulation Modeling[J].Institute of Industrial Engineers.ICAW Proceedings,1983,57-63.
[42]Hwang H,Ko C S.A Study of Multi-Aisle System Served by a Single Storage/Retrieval Machine[J].1988,26(11):1727-1737.
[43]顾启泰.应用仿真技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[44]谭青,夏毅敏,李磊.THJ—XH电梯的振动系统建模与仿真.起重运输机械,2001(10)
[45]华兴.排队论与随机服务系统.上海:上海翻译出版公司,1984
[46]张汉杰,王锡仲,朱学莉.现代电梯控制技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001
[47]《运筹学》教材编写组.运筹学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[48]杨晓芬,肖华.自动化立体车库存取策略的比较分析[J].电气技术与自动化,2004,33(5)