基于减振目标的动力总成悬置系统振动特性与控制研究
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摘要
发动机动力总成是汽车主要的振动源和噪声源之一,随着汽车向高速化和轻量化方向发展,振动噪声问题日益突出,人们对振动和噪声的要求越来越严格,汽车行驶的平顺性、乘坐舒适性越来越受到人们的关注。因此,动力总成的减振和隔振成为国内汽车行业亟待解决的问题。合理设计动力总成悬置系统,不但可以改善汽车的乘坐舒适性,还可以延长发动机和其它部件的使用寿命,是解决内燃机整机振动最为有效的办法。
本文对悬置系统设计方法进行了比较全面的分析研究。在这一基础上,根据JNP客车上动力总成悬置系统的振动情况提出了比较实际有效的悬置系统减振设计方法,即改变悬置的角度和优化橡胶垫刚度参数,最终达到了减振的目的。
本文首先测量了装配国产发动机的客车的振动情况,分析了振动较大的原因,同时还与配装进口发动机的同一车型的振动情况进行了对比,确立了改进目标;然后自行设计了实验台架并建立动力总成三维模型,获取了动力总成质量参数和惯性参数,找到了主惯性轴的位置,设计了合理的悬置角度;接着建立了系统的六自由度振动模型,并在ADAMS软件中建立其动力学仿真模型,输入实验得到的参数分析了动力总成悬置系统的固有特性;最后在MATLAB中以解耦度和悬置系统模态频率范围为目标,对悬置垫刚度参数进行了优化,并对改进后的悬置系统进行了研究,取得了一定的减振效果。
Powertrain is one of the most principal noise sources and vibration sources of autos. With the development of high-speed and lightweight design,the noise and vibration problems are increasingly outstanding. And people pay more and more attention to the stabilization and ride comfort of a working car. As a result, damping and vibration isolation of powertrain are urgently needed to be solved in the domestic auto industry. Reasonable design of engine mounting system can not only improve ride comfort, but also extend the life of engine and other components. It is the most effective way for the engine vibration.
This paper makes a comprehensive study of the design method of mounting system. And on this basis, a practical and effective mounting system is proposed according to the vibration state of engine mounting system on a bus, that is change the setting angle and optimize the stiffness parameters of rubber bearings, the result is that the vibration is decreased.
First of all, the reason of strong vibration has been analyzed according to the test of a bus with domestic engine mounting system. What’s more, an improved goal has been established according to the comparison results between the vibration of a bus with domestic engine mounting system and a bus with foreign ones. Secondly, In order to acquire the location of mass center and the moment of inertia of the powertrain, find out the inertia axis and design a reasonable setting angle, the test-bed and the powertrain’three-dimensional model have been established. Thirdly, the 6-DOF vibration mode and the dynamic simulation mode of the mounting system have been established, and the natural characteristics of the engine mounting system have been analyzed after the main design parameters measured inputted to the simulation mode. At last, the optimal mounting rubbers are obtained by MATLAB software, and an experiment is carried out to make sure the improved mounting system has better vibration damping effect.
本文对悬置系统设计方法进行了比较全面的分析研究。在这一基础上,根据JNP客车上动力总成悬置系统的振动情况提出了比较实际有效的悬置系统减振设计方法,即改变悬置的角度和优化橡胶垫刚度参数,最终达到了减振的目的。
本文首先测量了装配国产发动机的客车的振动情况,分析了振动较大的原因,同时还与配装进口发动机的同一车型的振动情况进行了对比,确立了改进目标;然后自行设计了实验台架并建立动力总成三维模型,获取了动力总成质量参数和惯性参数,找到了主惯性轴的位置,设计了合理的悬置角度;接着建立了系统的六自由度振动模型,并在ADAMS软件中建立其动力学仿真模型,输入实验得到的参数分析了动力总成悬置系统的固有特性;最后在MATLAB中以解耦度和悬置系统模态频率范围为目标,对悬置垫刚度参数进行了优化,并对改进后的悬置系统进行了研究,取得了一定的减振效果。
Powertrain is one of the most principal noise sources and vibration sources of autos. With the development of high-speed and lightweight design,the noise and vibration problems are increasingly outstanding. And people pay more and more attention to the stabilization and ride comfort of a working car. As a result, damping and vibration isolation of powertrain are urgently needed to be solved in the domestic auto industry. Reasonable design of engine mounting system can not only improve ride comfort, but also extend the life of engine and other components. It is the most effective way for the engine vibration.
This paper makes a comprehensive study of the design method of mounting system. And on this basis, a practical and effective mounting system is proposed according to the vibration state of engine mounting system on a bus, that is change the setting angle and optimize the stiffness parameters of rubber bearings, the result is that the vibration is decreased.
First of all, the reason of strong vibration has been analyzed according to the test of a bus with domestic engine mounting system. What’s more, an improved goal has been established according to the comparison results between the vibration of a bus with domestic engine mounting system and a bus with foreign ones. Secondly, In order to acquire the location of mass center and the moment of inertia of the powertrain, find out the inertia axis and design a reasonable setting angle, the test-bed and the powertrain’three-dimensional model have been established. Thirdly, the 6-DOF vibration mode and the dynamic simulation mode of the mounting system have been established, and the natural characteristics of the engine mounting system have been analyzed after the main design parameters measured inputted to the simulation mode. At last, the optimal mounting rubbers are obtained by MATLAB software, and an experiment is carried out to make sure the improved mounting system has better vibration damping effect.
引文
[1]中国汽车工业协会2007统计报告, 2007.12
[2]张威,张景海等,汽车动力学仿真模型的发展,汽车技术,(2):1～4,2003
[3]余成波,何怀波,石晓辉,内燃机振动控制及应用,国防工业出版社,1997
[4]谭达明,内燃机振动控制,西南交通大学出版社,1993
[5]顾仲权,马扣根,陈卫东,振动主动控制,国防工业出版社,1997
[6]张保成,尹立森,过永德,张浅秋,V6发动机整机振动控制的工程化实现,内燃机工程,2004,25(3):48～50
[7]刘军,何铁平,赵闯,发动机振动主动控制系统仿真研究,小型内燃机与摩托车,2007,36(2):76～79
[8]孙学军,何玉林,杜静,杨仕,张志弘,摩托车发动机的振动分析与控制,内燃机工程,2005,26(2):62～65
[9]付鲁华,林玉池,刘月辉,内燃机整机振动的频域控制研究,内燃机学报,2006,24(4):374～378
[10]张洪田,蒋文华,刘志刚等,内燃机有源控制减振技术研究,内燃机工程, 1996,17(2):12～16
[11]Barry Wyerman Bob Baker, Automotive Noise and Vibration Control Practices in the New Millennium, SAE.2003-01-1589
[12]2001SAE, Noise and Vibration Conference and Exposition., April30-May3, 2001
[13]Cheol-hyun Hwang Byung-hyuk Lee, A Case Study on the Improvement of Idle Quality of an SUV Car with DI Diesel Engine. SAE 2003-01-1464
[14]D.S.Sachdeva R.Hadi. Effect of Engine Mounting Strategy on Vehicle, NVH SAE 2003-01-1467
[15]Robert H. van Ligten. NVH Highlights and (Pot)Holes, 1972-2001 SAE 2003-01-15～17
[16]阎文兵,姜绍忠等,两种悬置元件的对比实验研究,测试技术学报,2000,14(4):235～240
[17]Ishikawa Makoto, Nakamura Yukio. Development of design Gear Balance Shaft System for 2 AZ-FE Engine. SAE Review 2002,23(1):27～32
[18]Mourelatos Z. P. An Efficient Crankshaft Dynamic Analysis Using Substruc turning with Ritz Vectors Journal of Sound and Vibration. 238(3):495～527,2000
[19]Yu Yunhe, Naganathan Nagi G., A Literature Review of Automotive vehicleEngine Mounting Systems. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 36(1),2001
[20]Regis V .S. Charles J .L.D, Design of Elastomeric Vibration Isolation Mounting System for Internal Combustion Engine. SAE paper 76043
[21]Johnson Stephen, Computer Optimization of Engine Mounting Systems. SAE paper 790974
[22]Geck P.E, Patton R .D. Front Wheel Drive Engine Mount Optimization. SAE paper 840736
[23]H .Hata. H .Tanaka. Experimental Method to Derv Optimum Engine Mount System for Idle Shake. SAE paper 870961
[24]Demic Miroslav. A Contribution to the Optimization of the Position and the Characteristics of Passenger Car Powertrain Mounts. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1990
[25]徐石安,发动机悬置的设计及其优化,汽车工程,1983,(3):25～27
[26]喻惠然等,发动机隔振的研究,汽车技术,1992,(9):23～27
[27]上官文斌,蒋学峰,发动机悬置系统的优化设计,汽车工程,1992,14(2):103～110
[28]徐石安,汽车发动机弹性支承隔振的解耦方法,汽车工程,1995,17(4):198～204
[29]阎红玉,徐石安,发动机悬置系统的能量法解耦及优化设计,汽车工程,1993,15(6):321～328
[30]史文库,林逸,发动机悬置支承在弹性基础上的隔振特性分析,汽车技术,1998,(7):18～20
[31]裘新,林逸,轿车动力总成—液压悬置—副车架系统参数的优化设计,汽车技术1998,(7):1～6
[32]季晓刚,章应雄,唐新蓬,汽车动力总成悬置研究的发展,中国汽车科技,2004,(1):4～6
[33]Stuart Birch. Vibration. U.S.A:Automotive Enginering.1988.2
[34]孙建民,孙凤英,汽车悬架系统的发展及控制技术研究现状,黑龙江工程学院学报,2001,15(1):57～61
[35]M. S. Foumani. A. Adaptive Hydraulic MountI C1.The U.S.A.SAE Paper, 2002.
[36]Ping Lee.Elastomefic Engine Mount with Hydraulic Dam ping.The U.S.A. Pmem,1935
[37]陈连云,韦超毅,周孔亢,新型发动机悬置系统的设计,广西大学学报, 2005,30(2):113～118
[38]曾令贤,用MATLAB计算发动机悬置系统的固有频率和主振型,汽车科技,2005,(4):27～29
[39]郑瑞清,主动控制电致伸缩液压悬置隔振特性仿真,中国:吉林大学学报,2004,35(1):100
[40]刘宏增,黄靖远,虚拟设计,北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[41]Nagamatsu, A. Vibration Analysis of Engine Parts used Reduced Impedance Methods. Bulletin of JSME,C, 48(433):1380～1388
[42]喻惠然,王长有,赵化民,CA6102型发动机悬置的研究,汽车技术,1992,(1):53～57
[43]陈继红,沈密群等,汽车发动机悬置系统的一些设计问题,噪声与振动控制, 1999,(1):5～11
[44]刘鑫,汽车质心位置确定方法与实验设备的选用,汽车研究与开发,2001,(4):33～34
[45]丁峰,复杂形状刚体构件转动惯量测算,轻工机械,2007,25(1):75～77
[46]林鹤编著,机械振动理论及应用,北京,冶金工业出版,1998
[47]Wang. T . C. Lim. Effect of Viscous Friction and Non-Friction Damping Mechanisms in a Reciprocating Engine. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2002,257(1):177～188
[48]黄晋英,潘宏侠等,发动机机体结构振动模态分析,华北工学院测试技术学报,2000,14(1):53～56
[49]J .J. Kim. H .Y. Kim. Shape Design of An Engine Mount by A Method of Paramter Optimization. Computers & Structures. 1997,65:725～731
[50]Zou Chunping, Hong Xing. Modal Synthesis. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2002,80(32)
[51]徐石安等,发动机悬置设计计算的研究——自由振动部分,二汽科技,1980,(6):34～38
[52]D.A.Swanson, H.T.Wu. Optimization of aircraft engine suspension systems. Journal of Aircraft, 1993,30(6):979～984
[53]于治会,非规则构件转动惯量的测定,上海航天,1995,12(6):32～36
[54]袁青,张维衡等,发动机动力总成悬置系统的解耦设计,船舶与海洋工程研究专集,2001,145～148
[55]陈继红,沈密群等,汽车发动机悬置系统的一些设计问题,噪声振动控制, 1999,(1):5～11
[56]Taeseok Jeong, Rajiendra Singh. Analytical Methods of Decoupling theAutomotive Engine Torque Roll Axis. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2000,234(1):85～114
[57]孙蓓蓓,李玉麟,汽车发动机悬置系统解耦方法研究,振动工程学报,1994,7(3):240～245
[58]樊兴华,陈金玉等,发动机悬置系统多目标优化设计,重庆大学学报, 2001,24(2):41～44
[2]张威,张景海等,汽车动力学仿真模型的发展,汽车技术,(2):1～4,2003
[3]余成波,何怀波,石晓辉,内燃机振动控制及应用,国防工业出版社,1997
[4]谭达明,内燃机振动控制,西南交通大学出版社,1993
[5]顾仲权,马扣根,陈卫东,振动主动控制,国防工业出版社,1997
[6]张保成,尹立森,过永德,张浅秋,V6发动机整机振动控制的工程化实现,内燃机工程,2004,25(3):48～50
[7]刘军,何铁平,赵闯,发动机振动主动控制系统仿真研究,小型内燃机与摩托车,2007,36(2):76～79
[8]孙学军,何玉林,杜静,杨仕,张志弘,摩托车发动机的振动分析与控制,内燃机工程,2005,26(2):62～65
[9]付鲁华,林玉池,刘月辉,内燃机整机振动的频域控制研究,内燃机学报,2006,24(4):374～378
[10]张洪田,蒋文华,刘志刚等,内燃机有源控制减振技术研究,内燃机工程, 1996,17(2):12～16
[11]Barry Wyerman Bob Baker, Automotive Noise and Vibration Control Practices in the New Millennium, SAE.2003-01-1589
[12]2001SAE, Noise and Vibration Conference and Exposition., April30-May3, 2001
[13]Cheol-hyun Hwang Byung-hyuk Lee, A Case Study on the Improvement of Idle Quality of an SUV Car with DI Diesel Engine. SAE 2003-01-1464
[14]D.S.Sachdeva R.Hadi. Effect of Engine Mounting Strategy on Vehicle, NVH SAE 2003-01-1467
[15]Robert H. van Ligten. NVH Highlights and (Pot)Holes, 1972-2001 SAE 2003-01-15～17
[16]阎文兵,姜绍忠等,两种悬置元件的对比实验研究,测试技术学报,2000,14(4):235～240
[17]Ishikawa Makoto, Nakamura Yukio. Development of design Gear Balance Shaft System for 2 AZ-FE Engine. SAE Review 2002,23(1):27～32
[18]Mourelatos Z. P. An Efficient Crankshaft Dynamic Analysis Using Substruc turning with Ritz Vectors Journal of Sound and Vibration. 238(3):495～527,2000
[19]Yu Yunhe, Naganathan Nagi G., A Literature Review of Automotive vehicleEngine Mounting Systems. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 36(1),2001
[20]Regis V .S. Charles J .L.D, Design of Elastomeric Vibration Isolation Mounting System for Internal Combustion Engine. SAE paper 76043
[21]Johnson Stephen, Computer Optimization of Engine Mounting Systems. SAE paper 790974
[22]Geck P.E, Patton R .D. Front Wheel Drive Engine Mount Optimization. SAE paper 840736
[23]H .Hata. H .Tanaka. Experimental Method to Derv Optimum Engine Mount System for Idle Shake. SAE paper 870961
[24]Demic Miroslav. A Contribution to the Optimization of the Position and the Characteristics of Passenger Car Powertrain Mounts. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1990
[25]徐石安,发动机悬置的设计及其优化,汽车工程,1983,(3):25～27
[26]喻惠然等,发动机隔振的研究,汽车技术,1992,(9):23～27
[27]上官文斌,蒋学峰,发动机悬置系统的优化设计,汽车工程,1992,14(2):103～110
[28]徐石安,汽车发动机弹性支承隔振的解耦方法,汽车工程,1995,17(4):198～204
[29]阎红玉,徐石安,发动机悬置系统的能量法解耦及优化设计,汽车工程,1993,15(6):321～328
[30]史文库,林逸,发动机悬置支承在弹性基础上的隔振特性分析,汽车技术,1998,(7):18～20
[31]裘新,林逸,轿车动力总成—液压悬置—副车架系统参数的优化设计,汽车技术1998,(7):1～6
[32]季晓刚,章应雄,唐新蓬,汽车动力总成悬置研究的发展,中国汽车科技,2004,(1):4～6
[33]Stuart Birch. Vibration. U.S.A:Automotive Enginering.1988.2
[34]孙建民,孙凤英,汽车悬架系统的发展及控制技术研究现状,黑龙江工程学院学报,2001,15(1):57～61
[35]M. S. Foumani. A. Adaptive Hydraulic MountI C1.The U.S.A.SAE Paper, 2002.
[36]Ping Lee.Elastomefic Engine Mount with Hydraulic Dam ping.The U.S.A. Pmem,1935
[37]陈连云,韦超毅,周孔亢,新型发动机悬置系统的设计,广西大学学报, 2005,30(2):113～118
[38]曾令贤,用MATLAB计算发动机悬置系统的固有频率和主振型,汽车科技,2005,(4):27～29
[39]郑瑞清,主动控制电致伸缩液压悬置隔振特性仿真,中国:吉林大学学报,2004,35(1):100
[40]刘宏增,黄靖远,虚拟设计,北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[41]Nagamatsu, A. Vibration Analysis of Engine Parts used Reduced Impedance Methods. Bulletin of JSME,C, 48(433):1380～1388
[42]喻惠然,王长有,赵化民,CA6102型发动机悬置的研究,汽车技术,1992,(1):53～57
[43]陈继红,沈密群等,汽车发动机悬置系统的一些设计问题,噪声与振动控制, 1999,(1):5～11
[44]刘鑫,汽车质心位置确定方法与实验设备的选用,汽车研究与开发,2001,(4):33～34
[45]丁峰,复杂形状刚体构件转动惯量测算,轻工机械,2007,25(1):75～77
[46]林鹤编著,机械振动理论及应用,北京,冶金工业出版,1998
[47]Wang. T . C. Lim. Effect of Viscous Friction and Non-Friction Damping Mechanisms in a Reciprocating Engine. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2002,257(1):177～188
[48]黄晋英,潘宏侠等,发动机机体结构振动模态分析,华北工学院测试技术学报,2000,14(1):53～56
[49]J .J. Kim. H .Y. Kim. Shape Design of An Engine Mount by A Method of Paramter Optimization. Computers & Structures. 1997,65:725～731
[50]Zou Chunping, Hong Xing. Modal Synthesis. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2002,80(32)
[51]徐石安等,发动机悬置设计计算的研究——自由振动部分,二汽科技,1980,(6):34～38
[52]D.A.Swanson, H.T.Wu. Optimization of aircraft engine suspension systems. Journal of Aircraft, 1993,30(6):979～984
[53]于治会,非规则构件转动惯量的测定,上海航天,1995,12(6):32～36
[54]袁青,张维衡等,发动机动力总成悬置系统的解耦设计,船舶与海洋工程研究专集,2001,145～148
[55]陈继红,沈密群等,汽车发动机悬置系统的一些设计问题,噪声振动控制, 1999,(1):5～11
[56]Taeseok Jeong, Rajiendra Singh. Analytical Methods of Decoupling theAutomotive Engine Torque Roll Axis. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2000,234(1):85～114
[57]孙蓓蓓,李玉麟,汽车发动机悬置系统解耦方法研究,振动工程学报,1994,7(3):240～245
[58]樊兴华,陈金玉等,发动机悬置系统多目标优化设计,重庆大学学报, 2001,24(2):41～44