激振力的板型力传感器测试方法研究
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摘要
振动研究一般分为振源分析、振动传递、振动声辐射三个方面。后两个方面的研究已经有了不少成果,对于机械振动源的力学特性研究,国内一直没有做深入探讨.通过对机械设备噪声振动特性的检测,依据加速度级、烈度级的总体限值要求进行考核,来决定是否允许该设备出厂和安装。目前国内外均采用了类似的措施,对设备出厂时进行振动检测。振源力的准确测量对振动传递和振动及声辐射的准确预报有决定的作用。
本文在直接法测量振动源激励力的基础上,从螺栓分力公式出发,考虑机脚、螺栓、传感器和基座的状态,建立了直接法测力的数学模型；从理论上进行了螺栓分力传递方式的分析、传感器受力分析以及在不同预紧力情况下螺栓分力修正值的研究；在研究设计的基础上,对板型力传感器结构分别通过激振器、力锤、机械式力源进行激励试验,验证了板型力传感器理论设计的正确性和可靠性；通过工程实验提出了适合工程应用的测力方法并和其他实验室方法进行了效果比较,为工程应用提供指导。
根据板型力传感器的结构模型,使用非线性接触分析法,应用ANSYS软件进行了空间三维有限元的分析,建立了力传感器模型,针对螺栓分力问题进行仿真计算,并对板型力传感器进行模态分析仿真,激振力激励点位置变化仿真,和实验数据进行对比,验证了螺栓分力理论分析的正确性。
本文研究表明：在预紧力一定的情况下,板型力传感器测量值为传递到基座上激振力真实值的一部分,螺栓分力修正值α的大小和板型力传感器的安装情况紧密相关,在相同的安装情况下,随着预紧力的增大,螺栓分力修正值α逐渐减小,并趋于稳定,通过有限元仿真实现了力传感器的三维实体分析,为传感器受力研究提供了一种更真实、有效的分析方法,进行了板型力传感器试验研究,证明在板型力传感器的测量中存在螺栓分力问题。
Generally, vibration studying includes vibration source analysis, vibration delivery and vibration sound radiation. There are already many achievements of the last two aspects, but no deep study of the research on mechanical vibration source characteristic in our country. By the detecting to noise and vibration characteristic of the machinery equipment, there can be decided whether allowing equipment installation according to examination based on total orders value of the acceleration level and intensity level. At present, both at home and abroad have adopted similar measures on detecting vibration of the equipments when leaving the factory.The accurate mearsurement of the vibration source force plays an important decisive role in vibration delivery, vibration and sound radiation.
Basis of measuring the excitation force of vibration source in direct law, this paper builds the mathematic model of the direct law in measuring the force from formula of the bolt component forces considering states on machine foot, bolt, sensor and the pedestal; Analysis on the transferring way of the bolt component forces and force acting on sensors has being researched as well as correction value of the bolt component forces in different pre-tightening conditions; On studying and designing, correctness and reliability of the board type force sensor in theory designs have being verified according to excitation test using the vibrator, force-hammer and mechanical fource source on board type force sensor structure; The paper also putted forward some force measuring methods by engineering experiment and compares the results with other laboratory methods, all these can provide guidance to the project applying.
According to the structural model of the board type force sensor, the paper also used nonlinear contact analysis law and Ansys software to analyze the space 3-D finite element, builded the force sensor model as well as did simulation calculation according to the bolt component force, modal analysis simulation of the board type force sensor and change simulation of the exciting point about the exciting force. With the comparison of the experimental data, we got the correctness of the bolt component forces theoretical analysis.
Studies presented in this thesis show that:Under a certain pre-tightening situation, the measured value of the board type force sensor is part of the true value of the excitation force transferred to the pedestal, the size of the bolt component forces'correction quantity a and the installation situation of the board type force sensor are closely related; even with the same installation, an incremental pre-tightening could result in a gradually decreasing bolt component forces'correction quantity a and this a is tended to be stable. The paper provided a truer and more effective analysis method for the research in force acting on sensor by implementing the 3-D solid analysis of the force sensor as well as proved that there has bolt component force problem in the board type force sensor's measurement through the experimental research.
本文在直接法测量振动源激励力的基础上,从螺栓分力公式出发,考虑机脚、螺栓、传感器和基座的状态,建立了直接法测力的数学模型；从理论上进行了螺栓分力传递方式的分析、传感器受力分析以及在不同预紧力情况下螺栓分力修正值的研究；在研究设计的基础上,对板型力传感器结构分别通过激振器、力锤、机械式力源进行激励试验,验证了板型力传感器理论设计的正确性和可靠性；通过工程实验提出了适合工程应用的测力方法并和其他实验室方法进行了效果比较,为工程应用提供指导。
根据板型力传感器的结构模型,使用非线性接触分析法,应用ANSYS软件进行了空间三维有限元的分析,建立了力传感器模型,针对螺栓分力问题进行仿真计算,并对板型力传感器进行模态分析仿真,激振力激励点位置变化仿真,和实验数据进行对比,验证了螺栓分力理论分析的正确性。
本文研究表明：在预紧力一定的情况下,板型力传感器测量值为传递到基座上激振力真实值的一部分,螺栓分力修正值α的大小和板型力传感器的安装情况紧密相关,在相同的安装情况下,随着预紧力的增大,螺栓分力修正值α逐渐减小,并趋于稳定,通过有限元仿真实现了力传感器的三维实体分析,为传感器受力研究提供了一种更真实、有效的分析方法,进行了板型力传感器试验研究,证明在板型力传感器的测量中存在螺栓分力问题。
Generally, vibration studying includes vibration source analysis, vibration delivery and vibration sound radiation. There are already many achievements of the last two aspects, but no deep study of the research on mechanical vibration source characteristic in our country. By the detecting to noise and vibration characteristic of the machinery equipment, there can be decided whether allowing equipment installation according to examination based on total orders value of the acceleration level and intensity level. At present, both at home and abroad have adopted similar measures on detecting vibration of the equipments when leaving the factory.The accurate mearsurement of the vibration source force plays an important decisive role in vibration delivery, vibration and sound radiation.
Basis of measuring the excitation force of vibration source in direct law, this paper builds the mathematic model of the direct law in measuring the force from formula of the bolt component forces considering states on machine foot, bolt, sensor and the pedestal; Analysis on the transferring way of the bolt component forces and force acting on sensors has being researched as well as correction value of the bolt component forces in different pre-tightening conditions; On studying and designing, correctness and reliability of the board type force sensor in theory designs have being verified according to excitation test using the vibrator, force-hammer and mechanical fource source on board type force sensor structure; The paper also putted forward some force measuring methods by engineering experiment and compares the results with other laboratory methods, all these can provide guidance to the project applying.
According to the structural model of the board type force sensor, the paper also used nonlinear contact analysis law and Ansys software to analyze the space 3-D finite element, builded the force sensor model as well as did simulation calculation according to the bolt component force, modal analysis simulation of the board type force sensor and change simulation of the exciting point about the exciting force. With the comparison of the experimental data, we got the correctness of the bolt component forces theoretical analysis.
Studies presented in this thesis show that:Under a certain pre-tightening situation, the measured value of the board type force sensor is part of the true value of the excitation force transferred to the pedestal, the size of the bolt component forces'correction quantity a and the installation situation of the board type force sensor are closely related; even with the same installation, an incremental pre-tightening could result in a gradually decreasing bolt component forces'correction quantity a and this a is tended to be stable. The paper provided a truer and more effective analysis method for the research in force acting on sensor by implementing the 3-D solid analysis of the force sensor as well as proved that there has bolt component force problem in the board type force sensor's measurement through the experimental research.
引文
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[23]原春晖.加载对设备基座导纳测量的影响研究.振动与冲击.2005,24(1)：129-132页
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[25]原春晖.舰艇机械设备噪声振动特性的测试方法.舰船科学与技术.2006,28:30-34页
[26]原春晖.船舶机械振动源激励力的间接估算工程方法.中国舰船研究.2006,1(1)：25-32页
[27]原春晖.奇异值分解在设备振动激励力估算中的应用.中国舰船研究.2007,2(2)：15-19页
[28]梁军.不同安装环境下机械设备振动激励特性的转换关系研究.中国舰船研究.2007,2(2)：52-56页
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[32]山本晃,螺纹连接的理论与计算,上海科学技术文献出版社,1982：77-89页
[33]比尔格尔,绍尔,机械零件刚度计算手册,机械工业出版社,1987：46-79页
[34]周开勤,机械零件手册(第四版),高等教育出版社,1993：57-89页
[35]机械设计手册(第二版),化学工业出版社,1978：46-53页
[36]李会勋,胡迎春,张建中。利用ANSYS模拟螺栓预紧力的研究.山东科技大学学报.2006,25(1)：57-59页
[37]刘建文.螺栓预紧力—扭矩图及其应用.汽车工艺与材料.2001：5-8页
[38]沈德良.柴油机强力螺栓标准预紧力的计算.交通标准化.1998：17-20页
[39]郑上军.拉力作用下高强螺栓连接的ANSYS模拟.高新技术.2006：8-9页
[40]王春寒.在ANSYS软件中高强螺栓预紧力的施加法.施工技术.2006,26(1)：140-141页
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[2]徐敏,严济宽等.船舶动力机械的振动、冲击与测量.国防工业出版社,1981：1-7页
[3]T.Ten Wolde, G.R.Gadefelt, Development of standard measurement methods for structure-borne sound emission, Noise control Engineering Journal,1987,28(1):5-13P
[4]R.A.Fulford, B.M.Gibbs, Structure-borne sound power and source characteriza-Tion inmulti-point-connected system Part I:Case studies for assured force distributions, Journal of Sound and Vibration,1997, 204(4):659-677P
[5]R.A.Fulford, B.M.Gibbs, Structure-borne sound power and source characterisation in multi-point-connected system Part II:About mobility functions and free velocities, Journal of Sound and Vibration 1999, 220(2):203-224P
[6]R.A.Fulford, B.M.Gibbs, Structure-borne sound power and source characterisa-tion in multi-point-connected system PartⅢ:Force ratio estimates, Journal of Sound and Vibration 1999,225(2):239-282P
[7]葛蕴珊、刘志刚和张文平.隔振装置中振动功率流的测量研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报.1999,20(2)：7-14页
[8]C.Pezerat, J.L.Guyader, Identification of vibration sources, Applied Acoustics 2000,61:309-324P
[9]李新德.空间柔性耦合系统振动功率流传递特性.山东大学学报.2003,33(2)：138-143页
[10]赵东升.振动功率流测量方法的研究.机械研究与用.2007,20(4)：32-33页
[11]伍先俊.最小振动功率流隔振系统ANSYS优化设计.武汉理工大学学报.2005,29(2)：186-189页 [12] G.Desanghere, R.Snoeys, Indirect identification of excitation forces by modal coordinates transformation, Proc.of 3rd IMAC,1985:685-690P [13] H.Ory, H.Glaser, D.Holzdeppe, Quality of analysis and reconstruction of forcing functions based on measured output data, Proc.of 4th IMAC,1986 [14] M.Hansen, J.M.Starkey, on predicting and improving the condition of modal-model-Based indirect force measurement algorithms, Proc.of 8th IMAC,1990:115-120P
[15]S.H.Yap, B.M.Gibbs, Indirect measurement of vibrational energy flow by reciprocal methods, Proc.of Inter-noise,1996,3:1273-1276P
[16]S.H.Yap, J.X.Su, The measurement of the structural Dynamic Characteristics of floors with installed machines, Applied Acoustics,1997, 52(2):105-124P
[17]S. H. YAP AND B. M. GIBBS. STRUCTURE-BORNE SOUND TRANSMISSION FROM MACHINES IN BUILDINGS, PART1: INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF FORCE AND MOMENT AT THE MACHINE(?)RECEIVER INTERFACE OF A SINGLE POINT CONNECTED SYSTEM BY A RECIPROCAL METHOD. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1999,222(1):85-98P
[18]S. H. YAP AND B. M. GIBBS. STRUCTURE-BORNE SOUND TRANSMISSION FROM MACHINES IN BUILDINGS, PART 2: INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF FORCE AND MOMENT AT THE MACHINE(?)RECEIVER INTERFACE OF A SINGLE POINT CONNECTED SYSTEM BY A RECIPROCAL METHOD. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1999,222(1):99-113P
[19]翁雪涛等,利用频响函数求外部激励,噪声与振动控制,1999,1：46-48页
[20]翁雪涛、朱石坚,利用频响函数求外部激励的实验验证,噪声与振动控制,1999：38-43页
[21]姚玉荣.利用频率响应函数求设备对基座的激励.船海工程.2003：5-8页
[22]伍先俊,朱石坚,程广利.冲击作用下基座响应的冲击谱简便计算方法研究.2004：15-17页
[23]原春晖.加载对设备基座导纳测量的影响研究.振动与冲击.2005,24(1)：129-132页
[24]原春晖,朱显明,汪浩.设备安装对基座导纳测量的影响研究.中国造船。2005,46(3)：41-46页
[25]原春晖.舰艇机械设备噪声振动特性的测试方法.舰船科学与技术.2006,28:30-34页
[26]原春晖.船舶机械振动源激励力的间接估算工程方法.中国舰船研究.2006,1(1)：25-32页
[27]原春晖.奇异值分解在设备振动激励力估算中的应用.中国舰船研究.2007,2(2)：15-19页
[28]梁军.不同安装环境下机械设备振动激励特性的转换关系研究.中国舰船研究.2007,2(2)：52-56页
[29]方远、乔羽等编著,振动模态分析技术,国防工业出版社,1993：91-131页
[30]傅志方、华宏星,模态分析理论与应用,上海交大出版社,2000：1-80页
[31]原春晖,机械设备振动源测试方法研究,华中科技大学博士论文,2006：1-3,45-50页
[32]山本晃,螺纹连接的理论与计算,上海科学技术文献出版社,1982：77-89页
[33]比尔格尔,绍尔,机械零件刚度计算手册,机械工业出版社,1987：46-79页
[34]周开勤,机械零件手册(第四版),高等教育出版社,1993：57-89页
[35]机械设计手册(第二版),化学工业出版社,1978：46-53页
[36]李会勋,胡迎春,张建中。利用ANSYS模拟螺栓预紧力的研究.山东科技大学学报.2006,25(1)：57-59页
[37]刘建文.螺栓预紧力—扭矩图及其应用.汽车工艺与材料.2001：5-8页
[38]沈德良.柴油机强力螺栓标准预紧力的计算.交通标准化.1998：17-20页
[39]郑上军.拉力作用下高强螺栓连接的ANSYS模拟.高新技术.2006：8-9页
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