大型离心压缩机组噪声测试与分析
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摘要
随着现代设计技术水平的不断提高,压缩机的性能指标不断得到强化,研究如何降低压缩机的噪声和减少振动成为了重要的课题。
本文对离心压缩机振动噪声产生机理进行了详尽的分析,并且系统地研究了振动噪声控制技术,提出减振降噪方案。为离心压缩机车间减振降噪项目提供了理论基础。首先确定了离心压缩机车间的振动源,采用振动频谱分析仪在各测点进行测量,通过分析离心压缩机的振动频谱以及振动过程,得出了振动原因。再根据离心压缩机的振动原因提出相应合理的解决方案,如对管路进行隔振处理消除管路振动,在地面和机组之间加减振垫来减小离心压缩机机组的振动。
在离心压缩机组周围设置不同的测点,采集了离心压缩机组的噪声信号,并进行频谱分析。根据噪声频谱来分析噪声源的声学特征。再通过噪声学控制理论和实际噪声控制项目经验确定噪声控制方法。使用隔声罩把离心压缩机组与工作区隔离,进行隔声控制;使用宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构进行吸声控制;使用阻抗复合式消声器进行消声控制。通过一系列的综合治理,消除了车间内混响现象,噪声声压级也得到了很大的降低,项目最终取得了很好的效果。宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构在噪声控制工程中得到很高的实用价值。
使用SYSNOISE有限元软件,以隔声罩为研究对象,基于有限元分析方法,建立有限元模型并分析了厚度,阻尼层对隔声罩降噪效果的影响。得出了厚度和阻尼层的变化会对隔声罩降噪效果产生直接影响的结论,为解决实际问题提供了一定的参考依据。
With the continuing rise in the level of modern design compressor Performance indicators are continuously strengthened how to reduce compressor noise and vibration has become an important subject.
Centrifugal compressor as the main research target , this paper mainly studies vibration and noise sources, transmission mechanism, principles of performances, and soon, in-depth studies vibration and noise control technologies, formulates optimization programs. Providing a theoretical basis for vibration and noise reduction of centrifugal compressor workshop .
At first,identified the vibration source of the centrifugal compressor workshop. Summarized the centrifugal compressor generator breakdown diagnosis detailed process. The corresponding and reasonable solution is given for Centrifugal compressors' vibration issue so as to address the root causes of the vibration unit. According to the reasons for the vibration of centrifugal compressor , propose appropriate and reasonable solution, such as the isolation of the pipeline, and set damping pad between the crew and the ground to reduce the vibration of centrifugal compressor.
Set up different measurement points around the centrifugal compressor group. Signal of noise eradiated from refrigerator of Centrifugal compressor had been collected, and transform the signal into spectrum. Analyze the acoustic characteristics of the noise source according to the noise spectrum. And determine the noise control methods through the noise control theory study and practical experience in noise control project. Using acoustic enclosures to control noise between centrifugal compressor unit and work area; Using broadband acoustic impedance structure for sound absorption control; Using impedance compound muffler for noise control. Reverberation had disappeared and sound pressure level had declined in the room after noise reduction. A practicality value can be gotten in noise control project with compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure.
In this paper, sound insulation encasing is for the study based on finite element method, using SYSNOISE software, establishing finite element models and analyzing of the influence of noise radiation of the sound insulation encasing with different thickness and damping. Obtained a conclusion of difference in thickness and damping will affect the noise reducing and provide some reference to solve practical problems.
本文对离心压缩机振动噪声产生机理进行了详尽的分析,并且系统地研究了振动噪声控制技术,提出减振降噪方案。为离心压缩机车间减振降噪项目提供了理论基础。首先确定了离心压缩机车间的振动源,采用振动频谱分析仪在各测点进行测量,通过分析离心压缩机的振动频谱以及振动过程,得出了振动原因。再根据离心压缩机的振动原因提出相应合理的解决方案,如对管路进行隔振处理消除管路振动,在地面和机组之间加减振垫来减小离心压缩机机组的振动。
在离心压缩机组周围设置不同的测点,采集了离心压缩机组的噪声信号,并进行频谱分析。根据噪声频谱来分析噪声源的声学特征。再通过噪声学控制理论和实际噪声控制项目经验确定噪声控制方法。使用隔声罩把离心压缩机组与工作区隔离,进行隔声控制;使用宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构进行吸声控制;使用阻抗复合式消声器进行消声控制。通过一系列的综合治理,消除了车间内混响现象,噪声声压级也得到了很大的降低,项目最终取得了很好的效果。宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构在噪声控制工程中得到很高的实用价值。
使用SYSNOISE有限元软件,以隔声罩为研究对象,基于有限元分析方法,建立有限元模型并分析了厚度,阻尼层对隔声罩降噪效果的影响。得出了厚度和阻尼层的变化会对隔声罩降噪效果产生直接影响的结论,为解决实际问题提供了一定的参考依据。
With the continuing rise in the level of modern design compressor Performance indicators are continuously strengthened how to reduce compressor noise and vibration has become an important subject.
Centrifugal compressor as the main research target , this paper mainly studies vibration and noise sources, transmission mechanism, principles of performances, and soon, in-depth studies vibration and noise control technologies, formulates optimization programs. Providing a theoretical basis for vibration and noise reduction of centrifugal compressor workshop .
At first,identified the vibration source of the centrifugal compressor workshop. Summarized the centrifugal compressor generator breakdown diagnosis detailed process. The corresponding and reasonable solution is given for Centrifugal compressors' vibration issue so as to address the root causes of the vibration unit. According to the reasons for the vibration of centrifugal compressor , propose appropriate and reasonable solution, such as the isolation of the pipeline, and set damping pad between the crew and the ground to reduce the vibration of centrifugal compressor.
Set up different measurement points around the centrifugal compressor group. Signal of noise eradiated from refrigerator of Centrifugal compressor had been collected, and transform the signal into spectrum. Analyze the acoustic characteristics of the noise source according to the noise spectrum. And determine the noise control methods through the noise control theory study and practical experience in noise control project. Using acoustic enclosures to control noise between centrifugal compressor unit and work area; Using broadband acoustic impedance structure for sound absorption control; Using impedance compound muffler for noise control. Reverberation had disappeared and sound pressure level had declined in the room after noise reduction. A practicality value can be gotten in noise control project with compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure.
In this paper, sound insulation encasing is for the study based on finite element method, using SYSNOISE software, establishing finite element models and analyzing of the influence of noise radiation of the sound insulation encasing with different thickness and damping. Obtained a conclusion of difference in thickness and damping will affect the noise reducing and provide some reference to solve practical problems.
引文
[1]吕玉恒.国内噪声控制近况评述.噪声与振动控制.2001,23(6):14-17.
[2]赵良省.噪声与振动控制技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[3]于志强,袁卫星.高转速离心式制冷压缩机研究现状及前景.制冷与空调, 2005,5(3):1-3.
[4]叶振帮,常鸿寿.离心式制冷压缩机.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[5]王晓锋,席光,王尚锦.离心压缩机叶轮的响应面优化设计Ⅰ:优化设计方法.工程热物理学报,2004,18(3):50-52.
[6]吴业正.制冷压缩机.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[7]刘瑞韬,徐忠.分流叶片位置对高转速离心压缩机性能的影响.空气动力学学报,2005,12(1):130-135.
[8]马大猷.现代声学理论基础.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[9]孙庆鸿等著.振动与噪声的阻尼控制.机械工业出版社,1992.
[10]丁文镜.减振理论.北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[11]陈秀娟.实用噪声与振动控制(第二版).北京:化学工业出版社,1996.
[12]朱建国,姚利锋.振动功率流防振系统.噪声与振动控制,2001,12(1):3-8.
[13] H. Pak, H. Krain, B. Hoffmann, Flow field analysis of a high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor, AGARD-CP-537, 1993.
[14] R.Yacamini, S.C.Chang. Noise and vibration from induction machines fed from harmonic sources. IEEE Transactions on energy conversion,1995.
[15]赵玫,周海亭,陈光治,朱蓓丽.机械振动与噪声学.北京:科学出版社,2004.
[16]严济宽.机械振动隔离技术.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.
[17]马大猷主编.噪声与振动控制工程手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[18] [澳]M.P.诺顿著.工程噪声和振动分析基础.北京:航空工业出版社,1993.
[19] Tokhi.M.D, Active noise control, Clarendon Press, 1992.
[20] R.S.Ming, J.Pan, M.P.Norton. The passive control of tonal sound radiation from vib-rating structures. Applied Acoustics, 2000,12(60):313-326.
[21] J.M. Tyler, T.G. Sofrin, Axial flow compressor noise studies, Transactions of the Society of Automotive Engineers 70 (1962) 309–332.
[22]薛玮飞.往复式压缩机出口管系振动及减振的研究:(硕士学位论文).福建:福州大学,2003
[23]蒋芝楠,李建华,洪网林.空气压缩机的噪声治理.噪声与振动控制,1997.
[24] Xiong yeping,Song Kongjie. Asymmetric vibration isolation system with mountings on nonrigid foundation. Proc. Inter. Conf. ICPVE90. 17-24,June,China,1990,12(2):973-978.
[25] Swift M.J.,Bris P,Horoshenkov K.V. Acoustic absorption in re-cycled rubber granulate. Applied Acoustics Volume,1999,3(3):203-212.
[26]赵慧.螺杆压缩机的振动噪声分析与控制研究:(硕士学位论文).辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2008.
[27] L.L. Beranek, I.L. Ver, Noise and Vibration Control Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1992.
[28]王仁乾,马黎黎.吸声材料物理参数优化的研究.声学技术,2004,23(2):73-78.
[29]钟祥璋编著.建筑吸声材料与隔声材料.北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[30]钟祥璋,罗小华,冬利.穿孔莱特板的吸声作用.电声技术,1998,20(4):2-6 .
[31]水中和,李跃,彭显莉等.吸声材料构造形式对吸声效果的影响.武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(12):89-91.
[32]程桂萍,陈宏灯,何德坪.孔结构对多孔铝吸声性能的影响.机械工程材料,1999,6(5):30-33.
[33]张宇.大型动力机械结构噪声分析与控制:(硕士学位论文).辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2005
[34]徐志云,黄其柏,姚本炎.阻抗复合吸声结构的理论与声学特性研究.华中理工大学学报,1999,27(1):52-54.
[35] C. Wassilieff, Improving the noise reduction of picket barriers, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84 (1988) 645–650.
[36]陆红艳.板结构的振动声辐射及其隔声性能:(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
[37]方丹群.空气动力性噪声与消声器.科学出版社,1978.
[38]高一博.ABS工程塑料生产线噪声控制系统研究:(硕士学位论文).辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2008
[39] Fulin Gui, Thomas R.Reinarts, Robert P.Scarnge. Design and Experimental Study of High-Speed Low-Flow-Rate Centrifugal Compressors, IECEC Paper No.CT-39, ASME 1995.
[40]王祥珍.汽油发电机隔声罩的研制.噪声与振动控制,1995,35(6):40-41.
[41] Robert J.M.Craik, Alexander G.Osipov. Structural Isolation of Walls Using Elastic Interlayers. Applied Acoustics1995.
[42]张人德,赵钧良.减振降噪阻尼材料及其应用.上海金属,2002,24(2):18-23.
[43] A.P. Dowling, J.E. Ffowcs Williams, Sound and Sources of Sound, Wiley, New York, 1983.
[43]应怀樵.振动测试和分析.北京:中国铁道出版社,1983.
[44]沈顺根,冷文浩,程贯一.带有复合结构的多层隔振系统振动传递及声辐射研究[J].舰船力学,1997,1(2):49-60.
[45]李增刚.SYSNOISE Rev5.6.北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[46] Uses of Discrepancies on Measurement Results. Applied Acoustics,1995 ,51(46):215-232.
[47]戴德沛.阻尼技术的工程应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[48]机械设计手册编委会.机械振动和噪声.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[2]赵良省.噪声与振动控制技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[3]于志强,袁卫星.高转速离心式制冷压缩机研究现状及前景.制冷与空调, 2005,5(3):1-3.
[4]叶振帮,常鸿寿.离心式制冷压缩机.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[5]王晓锋,席光,王尚锦.离心压缩机叶轮的响应面优化设计Ⅰ:优化设计方法.工程热物理学报,2004,18(3):50-52.
[6]吴业正.制冷压缩机.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[7]刘瑞韬,徐忠.分流叶片位置对高转速离心压缩机性能的影响.空气动力学学报,2005,12(1):130-135.
[8]马大猷.现代声学理论基础.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[9]孙庆鸿等著.振动与噪声的阻尼控制.机械工业出版社,1992.
[10]丁文镜.减振理论.北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[11]陈秀娟.实用噪声与振动控制(第二版).北京:化学工业出版社,1996.
[12]朱建国,姚利锋.振动功率流防振系统.噪声与振动控制,2001,12(1):3-8.
[13] H. Pak, H. Krain, B. Hoffmann, Flow field analysis of a high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor, AGARD-CP-537, 1993.
[14] R.Yacamini, S.C.Chang. Noise and vibration from induction machines fed from harmonic sources. IEEE Transactions on energy conversion,1995.
[15]赵玫,周海亭,陈光治,朱蓓丽.机械振动与噪声学.北京:科学出版社,2004.
[16]严济宽.机械振动隔离技术.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.
[17]马大猷主编.噪声与振动控制工程手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[18] [澳]M.P.诺顿著.工程噪声和振动分析基础.北京:航空工业出版社,1993.
[19] Tokhi.M.D, Active noise control, Clarendon Press, 1992.
[20] R.S.Ming, J.Pan, M.P.Norton. The passive control of tonal sound radiation from vib-rating structures. Applied Acoustics, 2000,12(60):313-326.
[21] J.M. Tyler, T.G. Sofrin, Axial flow compressor noise studies, Transactions of the Society of Automotive Engineers 70 (1962) 309–332.
[22]薛玮飞.往复式压缩机出口管系振动及减振的研究:(硕士学位论文).福建:福州大学,2003
[23]蒋芝楠,李建华,洪网林.空气压缩机的噪声治理.噪声与振动控制,1997.
[24] Xiong yeping,Song Kongjie. Asymmetric vibration isolation system with mountings on nonrigid foundation. Proc. Inter. Conf. ICPVE90. 17-24,June,China,1990,12(2):973-978.
[25] Swift M.J.,Bris P,Horoshenkov K.V. Acoustic absorption in re-cycled rubber granulate. Applied Acoustics Volume,1999,3(3):203-212.
[26]赵慧.螺杆压缩机的振动噪声分析与控制研究:(硕士学位论文).辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2008.
[27] L.L. Beranek, I.L. Ver, Noise and Vibration Control Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1992.
[28]王仁乾,马黎黎.吸声材料物理参数优化的研究.声学技术,2004,23(2):73-78.
[29]钟祥璋编著.建筑吸声材料与隔声材料.北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[30]钟祥璋,罗小华,冬利.穿孔莱特板的吸声作用.电声技术,1998,20(4):2-6 .
[31]水中和,李跃,彭显莉等.吸声材料构造形式对吸声效果的影响.武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(12):89-91.
[32]程桂萍,陈宏灯,何德坪.孔结构对多孔铝吸声性能的影响.机械工程材料,1999,6(5):30-33.
[33]张宇.大型动力机械结构噪声分析与控制:(硕士学位论文).辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2005
[34]徐志云,黄其柏,姚本炎.阻抗复合吸声结构的理论与声学特性研究.华中理工大学学报,1999,27(1):52-54.
[35] C. Wassilieff, Improving the noise reduction of picket barriers, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84 (1988) 645–650.
[36]陆红艳.板结构的振动声辐射及其隔声性能:(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
[37]方丹群.空气动力性噪声与消声器.科学出版社,1978.
[38]高一博.ABS工程塑料生产线噪声控制系统研究:(硕士学位论文).辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2008
[39] Fulin Gui, Thomas R.Reinarts, Robert P.Scarnge. Design and Experimental Study of High-Speed Low-Flow-Rate Centrifugal Compressors, IECEC Paper No.CT-39, ASME 1995.
[40]王祥珍.汽油发电机隔声罩的研制.噪声与振动控制,1995,35(6):40-41.
[41] Robert J.M.Craik, Alexander G.Osipov. Structural Isolation of Walls Using Elastic Interlayers. Applied Acoustics1995.
[42]张人德,赵钧良.减振降噪阻尼材料及其应用.上海金属,2002,24(2):18-23.
[43] A.P. Dowling, J.E. Ffowcs Williams, Sound and Sources of Sound, Wiley, New York, 1983.
[43]应怀樵.振动测试和分析.北京:中国铁道出版社,1983.
[44]沈顺根,冷文浩,程贯一.带有复合结构的多层隔振系统振动传递及声辐射研究[J].舰船力学,1997,1(2):49-60.
[45]李增刚.SYSNOISE Rev5.6.北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[46] Uses of Discrepancies on Measurement Results. Applied Acoustics,1995 ,51(46):215-232.
[47]戴德沛.阻尼技术的工程应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[48]机械设计手册编委会.机械振动和噪声.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.