大型动力机械振动噪声控制技术研究
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摘要
随社会进步、工业发展和环境污染的加剧,对各种工业振源与噪声源危害及污染问题的控制和治理已成为一个亟待解决的主要社会问题和重要的科研目标。
本文以大型动力机械为主要研究对象,对振动噪声源,传播机理,特性规律诸多方面进行系统分析,深入研究振动噪声控制技术,改进降噪方案,并预测方案的实施效果。提出双层次振动噪声控制理念,即主动控制与被动控制相结合。从振动源和传播过程两方面降低能量辐射。具体研究内容如下:
(1)从振源分析入手,总结了大型动力机械振动分析详细过程,运用时域分析、频谱分析、解调分析、细化分析、轴心轨迹分析和相位分析方法对振动信号进行综合分析,从中提取机器特有的振动征兆及敏感参数等。从根源上解决机组的振动问题,并提出治理措施。
(2)大型动力机械噪声具有宽频带特征,本文提出宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构,对原有复合吸声结构的吸声部分进行了改进,有效的加宽了结构的吸声频带,提高了降噪效果。使用SYSNOISE软件,建立宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构和一般吸声结构在点声源声场中的边界元模型,比较两种吸声结构对声场的影响。宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构的降噪效果较一般吸声结构有明显的提高,同时,吸声结构内层的宽频带组合式吸声板有效的削弱了内部混响。
(3)氨制冷螺杆压缩机组振动噪声控制。采集了两台氨制冷压缩机组的振动信号,并进行频谱分析。确定机组振动原因并排除,制定减振措施。采集噪声信号,根据信号特征确定吸声材料和吸声结构。经过处理,消除了机房内混响现象,大大的降低了噪声声压级,取得了很好的效果。
With the development of industry and society, aggravation of environmental pollution, the control and treatment of various sources of industrial noise and vibration pollution hazards has become a urgent social problem and important scientific research objective to solve.
Power machinery as the main research target, this paper mainly studies vibration and noise sources, transmission mechanism, principles of performances, and soon,in-depth studies vibration and noise control technologies, formulates optimization programs, and forecasts the implementations of the program results. Two grades vibration and noise control concept is put award, that is, passive and active control of combining control. The energy radiation is reduced from fault sources and propagating processes. The concrete research contents are as follows:
(1) Base on fault diagnosis, summarized the large-scale power generator breakdown diagnosis detailed process. It discusses how to analyze signals widely with time analysis, frequency analysis, demodulation analysis, exiguous analysis, axes tracking analysis and azimuth analysis. Then withdraws the machine unique breakdown indication and the breakdown sensitive parameter and so on. Solves unit's vibration problem from the root, and proposes the government measure.
(2) The noise eradiated from large power machine have large channel characteristic. Compounding sound-absorbing structure for large channel is put forward in this paper. The sound-absorbing channel can be increased, absorbing efficient canbe obtained by using this structure. The compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure and normal sound-absorbing structure finite element model is built using SYSNOISE. The variation of sound field is much different after compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure is place into the field of point sound source. The effect of noise reducetion with compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure is much better than with normal sound-absorbing structure. The reverberation canbe faded by using compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure.
(3) Noise control on refrigerator of screw compressor. Signal of vibration eradiated from Refrigerator of screw compressor had been collected, and transform the signal into spectrum. The fault of unit is determined and eliminated, then make vibration reduction measure. Signal of noise had been colledted, and determined sound absorption material and structure by signal feature. Reverberation had disappeared and sound pressure level had declined in the room by treatment.
本文以大型动力机械为主要研究对象,对振动噪声源,传播机理,特性规律诸多方面进行系统分析,深入研究振动噪声控制技术,改进降噪方案,并预测方案的实施效果。提出双层次振动噪声控制理念,即主动控制与被动控制相结合。从振动源和传播过程两方面降低能量辐射。具体研究内容如下:
(1)从振源分析入手,总结了大型动力机械振动分析详细过程,运用时域分析、频谱分析、解调分析、细化分析、轴心轨迹分析和相位分析方法对振动信号进行综合分析,从中提取机器特有的振动征兆及敏感参数等。从根源上解决机组的振动问题,并提出治理措施。
(2)大型动力机械噪声具有宽频带特征,本文提出宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构,对原有复合吸声结构的吸声部分进行了改进,有效的加宽了结构的吸声频带,提高了降噪效果。使用SYSNOISE软件,建立宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构和一般吸声结构在点声源声场中的边界元模型,比较两种吸声结构对声场的影响。宽频带阻抗复合吸声结构的降噪效果较一般吸声结构有明显的提高,同时,吸声结构内层的宽频带组合式吸声板有效的削弱了内部混响。
(3)氨制冷螺杆压缩机组振动噪声控制。采集了两台氨制冷压缩机组的振动信号,并进行频谱分析。确定机组振动原因并排除,制定减振措施。采集噪声信号,根据信号特征确定吸声材料和吸声结构。经过处理,消除了机房内混响现象,大大的降低了噪声声压级,取得了很好的效果。
With the development of industry and society, aggravation of environmental pollution, the control and treatment of various sources of industrial noise and vibration pollution hazards has become a urgent social problem and important scientific research objective to solve.
Power machinery as the main research target, this paper mainly studies vibration and noise sources, transmission mechanism, principles of performances, and soon,in-depth studies vibration and noise control technologies, formulates optimization programs, and forecasts the implementations of the program results. Two grades vibration and noise control concept is put award, that is, passive and active control of combining control. The energy radiation is reduced from fault sources and propagating processes. The concrete research contents are as follows:
(1) Base on fault diagnosis, summarized the large-scale power generator breakdown diagnosis detailed process. It discusses how to analyze signals widely with time analysis, frequency analysis, demodulation analysis, exiguous analysis, axes tracking analysis and azimuth analysis. Then withdraws the machine unique breakdown indication and the breakdown sensitive parameter and so on. Solves unit's vibration problem from the root, and proposes the government measure.
(2) The noise eradiated from large power machine have large channel characteristic. Compounding sound-absorbing structure for large channel is put forward in this paper. The sound-absorbing channel can be increased, absorbing efficient canbe obtained by using this structure. The compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure and normal sound-absorbing structure finite element model is built using SYSNOISE. The variation of sound field is much different after compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure is place into the field of point sound source. The effect of noise reducetion with compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure is much better than with normal sound-absorbing structure. The reverberation canbe faded by using compounding large channel sound-absorbing structure.
(3) Noise control on refrigerator of screw compressor. Signal of vibration eradiated from Refrigerator of screw compressor had been collected, and transform the signal into spectrum. The fault of unit is determined and eliminated, then make vibration reduction measure. Signal of noise had been colledted, and determined sound absorption material and structure by signal feature. Reverberation had disappeared and sound pressure level had declined in the room by treatment.
引文
[1]吕玉恒.国内噪声控制近况评述.噪声与振动控制,2001,(6):14-17.
[2]章奎生,战嘉恺.我国噪声与振动控制技术的现状与发展.上海环境科学,1994,13(10):39-40.
[3]毛宽民,陈天宇,黄协清.悬臂梁的非阻塞性微颗粒阻尼减振模型研究.西安交通大学学报,1999,33(10):33-38.
[4]张人德,赵钧良,减振降噪阻尼材料及其应用.上海金属,2002,24(2):18-23.
[5]H.L.Sharmq.Vibration and Waves,1983.
[6]J.D.Irwin,E.R.Graf.Industrial noise and Vibration Control",1979.
[7]赵松龄.噪声的降低与隔声.上海:同济大学出版社,1985.
[8]田静等.冷却塔产品的噪声现状与治理方法评述.噪声与振动控制,1997,(1):15-18.
[9]李吉.旋转机械结构噪声及其控制机理的研究:(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2002.
[10]R.Yacamini,S.C.Chang.Noise and Vibration from Induction Machines Fed from Harmonic Sources.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1995:286-292.
[11]Swift M.J,Bris P,Horoshenkov K.V.Acoustic Absorption in Recycled Rubber Granulate.Applied Acoustics Volume,1999(3):203-212.
[12]Hemandez Olivares F,Bollati M.R.,del Rio M.,Parga Landa B.Development of Composites for Building Applications.Construction and Building Materials,1999,(1):179-186.
[13]Zhao Heping,Liu Zhengyou,Liu Youyan.Mechanical Properties of a New Electrorh-eological fluid.Solid State Communications,2000,(6):321-325.
[14]马大猷主编.噪声与振动控制工程手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[15]刘吉轩,陈天宁,张生陛等.高分子颗粒孔隙结构材料的吸声特性研究.应用声学,1996(4):38-44.
[16]朱建国,姚利锋.振动功率流防振系统.噪声与振动控制,200,1:3-8.
[17]张振良.发动机进气消声器研究:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2003.
[18]邓维波,刘兴钊,于长军.环境噪声测试方法及测试数据.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2001,33(3):372-374.
[19]Li Ji,Ma Xiaojiang.Application of Vibration Isolating Technology in The Noise Redu-ction of Inertial Vibrating Machines.Proceedings of the International Conference on Vibrat-ion Engineering August 6-9,1998,Dalian,China.
[20]D.Sciulli,D.lnman.Isolation Design for a Flexible System.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,216(2):251-267.
[21]应怀樵.现代振动与噪声控制.北京:航空工业出版社,2005.
[22]朱华.低噪声双轴振动筛的研制.机械工程学报,1998,(4):37-40.
[23]沈顺根,冷文浩,程贯一.带有复合结构的多层隔振系统振动传递及声辐射研究.舰船力学,1997,(2):49-60.
[24]Johnson.Elizabeth Jean.Teaching educational psychology:Comparisons across student,instructor,instituteon,and course variables.Loyola University of Chicago.Ph.D.2002.6.
[25]陈大禧,朱铁光.大型回转机械诊断现场实用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[26]宋孔杰.机械阻抗法在振动隔离技术中的应用.噪声与振动控制,1983,(4):44-49.
[27]徐庆善.隔振技术的进展与动态.机械强度,1994,16(1):18-23.
[28]程佩青.数字信号处理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[29]R.S.Ming,J.Pan,M.P.Norton.The Passive Control of Tonal Sound Radiation from Vibrating Structures.Applied Acoustics,2000,(60):313-326.
[30]Robert J.M.Craik,Alexander G.Osipov.Structural Isolation of Walls Using Elastic Interlayers.Applied Acoustics 1995,(46):233-249.
[31]S.Lin,Q.Jiang,A.A.Mamun.Effect of Drive Modes on The Acoustic Noise of Fluid Dynamic Bearing Spindle Motors.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3277-3279.
[32]P.P.Narang.Material Parameter Selection in Polyester Fibre Insulation for Sound Trans-mission and Absorption.Applied Acoustics,1995,(45):335-358.
[33]严济宽.机械振动隔离技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1985.
[34]熊治平.机器--基础柔性系统的功率流传递特性及控制研究:(博士学位论文).济南:山东工业大学,1996.
[35]张碧波.设备状态监测与故障诊断.化学工业出版社,2005.
[36]屈梁生,何正嘉.机械故障诊断学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.
[37]Thorsen O,Dalva M,Methods of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for inductionmotors[J],European Trans on Electrical Power,1998,8(5):383-395.
[38]Ranv-Massuyes L,Milne R.Gas-turbine condition monitoring using qualitative model-based diagnosis[J],IEEE Expert,1997,(5/6):22-31.
[39]M.cA rthur S,M cDonald J.Condition monitoring using knowledge based systems[J],IEE Colloquium Digest No:1997/354.Nov.1997.
[40]Sekhar A,Prabhu B.Condition monitoring of cracked rotors through transient response[J].Mech Mach Thoery.1998.33(8):1167-1175.
[41]李天匀.振动能量理论及在结构噪声控制中的应用:(博士学位论文).武汉:华中理工大学,1996.
[42]陈长征,胡立新,周勃等.设备振动分析与故障诊断技术.北京:科学出版社,2007.
[43]周建南,陈长征.轧钢机械滚动轴承.北京:冶金工业出版社,2001.
[44]尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰等.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应刚.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[45]Erkki Jantunen.Proceeding of International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis Engineering Management.8-11 June.1997.Helsinki.Finland.
[46]Rotating equipment monitoring system collects data in real-time World Pumps Volume:2005.Issue:462.March.2005.12.
[47]Lynne Grewe.Effective Computer Vision Instruction Through Experimental Learning Experiences.International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence.2001,15(5).
[2]章奎生,战嘉恺.我国噪声与振动控制技术的现状与发展.上海环境科学,1994,13(10):39-40.
[3]毛宽民,陈天宇,黄协清.悬臂梁的非阻塞性微颗粒阻尼减振模型研究.西安交通大学学报,1999,33(10):33-38.
[4]张人德,赵钧良,减振降噪阻尼材料及其应用.上海金属,2002,24(2):18-23.
[5]H.L.Sharmq.Vibration and Waves,1983.
[6]J.D.Irwin,E.R.Graf.Industrial noise and Vibration Control",1979.
[7]赵松龄.噪声的降低与隔声.上海:同济大学出版社,1985.
[8]田静等.冷却塔产品的噪声现状与治理方法评述.噪声与振动控制,1997,(1):15-18.
[9]李吉.旋转机械结构噪声及其控制机理的研究:(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2002.
[10]R.Yacamini,S.C.Chang.Noise and Vibration from Induction Machines Fed from Harmonic Sources.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1995:286-292.
[11]Swift M.J,Bris P,Horoshenkov K.V.Acoustic Absorption in Recycled Rubber Granulate.Applied Acoustics Volume,1999(3):203-212.
[12]Hemandez Olivares F,Bollati M.R.,del Rio M.,Parga Landa B.Development of Composites for Building Applications.Construction and Building Materials,1999,(1):179-186.
[13]Zhao Heping,Liu Zhengyou,Liu Youyan.Mechanical Properties of a New Electrorh-eological fluid.Solid State Communications,2000,(6):321-325.
[14]马大猷主编.噪声与振动控制工程手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[15]刘吉轩,陈天宁,张生陛等.高分子颗粒孔隙结构材料的吸声特性研究.应用声学,1996(4):38-44.
[16]朱建国,姚利锋.振动功率流防振系统.噪声与振动控制,200,1:3-8.
[17]张振良.发动机进气消声器研究:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2003.
[18]邓维波,刘兴钊,于长军.环境噪声测试方法及测试数据.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2001,33(3):372-374.
[19]Li Ji,Ma Xiaojiang.Application of Vibration Isolating Technology in The Noise Redu-ction of Inertial Vibrating Machines.Proceedings of the International Conference on Vibrat-ion Engineering August 6-9,1998,Dalian,China.
[20]D.Sciulli,D.lnman.Isolation Design for a Flexible System.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,216(2):251-267.
[21]应怀樵.现代振动与噪声控制.北京:航空工业出版社,2005.
[22]朱华.低噪声双轴振动筛的研制.机械工程学报,1998,(4):37-40.
[23]沈顺根,冷文浩,程贯一.带有复合结构的多层隔振系统振动传递及声辐射研究.舰船力学,1997,(2):49-60.
[24]Johnson.Elizabeth Jean.Teaching educational psychology:Comparisons across student,instructor,instituteon,and course variables.Loyola University of Chicago.Ph.D.2002.6.
[25]陈大禧,朱铁光.大型回转机械诊断现场实用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[26]宋孔杰.机械阻抗法在振动隔离技术中的应用.噪声与振动控制,1983,(4):44-49.
[27]徐庆善.隔振技术的进展与动态.机械强度,1994,16(1):18-23.
[28]程佩青.数字信号处理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[29]R.S.Ming,J.Pan,M.P.Norton.The Passive Control of Tonal Sound Radiation from Vibrating Structures.Applied Acoustics,2000,(60):313-326.
[30]Robert J.M.Craik,Alexander G.Osipov.Structural Isolation of Walls Using Elastic Interlayers.Applied Acoustics 1995,(46):233-249.
[31]S.Lin,Q.Jiang,A.A.Mamun.Effect of Drive Modes on The Acoustic Noise of Fluid Dynamic Bearing Spindle Motors.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3277-3279.
[32]P.P.Narang.Material Parameter Selection in Polyester Fibre Insulation for Sound Trans-mission and Absorption.Applied Acoustics,1995,(45):335-358.
[33]严济宽.机械振动隔离技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1985.
[34]熊治平.机器--基础柔性系统的功率流传递特性及控制研究:(博士学位论文).济南:山东工业大学,1996.
[35]张碧波.设备状态监测与故障诊断.化学工业出版社,2005.
[36]屈梁生,何正嘉.机械故障诊断学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.
[37]Thorsen O,Dalva M,Methods of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for inductionmotors[J],European Trans on Electrical Power,1998,8(5):383-395.
[38]Ranv-Massuyes L,Milne R.Gas-turbine condition monitoring using qualitative model-based diagnosis[J],IEEE Expert,1997,(5/6):22-31.
[39]M.cA rthur S,M cDonald J.Condition monitoring using knowledge based systems[J],IEE Colloquium Digest No:1997/354.Nov.1997.
[40]Sekhar A,Prabhu B.Condition monitoring of cracked rotors through transient response[J].Mech Mach Thoery.1998.33(8):1167-1175.
[41]李天匀.振动能量理论及在结构噪声控制中的应用:(博士学位论文).武汉:华中理工大学,1996.
[42]陈长征,胡立新,周勃等.设备振动分析与故障诊断技术.北京:科学出版社,2007.
[43]周建南,陈长征.轧钢机械滚动轴承.北京:冶金工业出版社,2001.
[44]尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰等.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应刚.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[45]Erkki Jantunen.Proceeding of International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis Engineering Management.8-11 June.1997.Helsinki.Finland.
[46]Rotating equipment monitoring system collects data in real-time World Pumps Volume:2005.Issue:462.March.2005.12.
[47]Lynne Grewe.Effective Computer Vision Instruction Through Experimental Learning Experiences.International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence.2001,15(5).