舞台控制系统设计
摘要
升降舞台主要是用于演出时的背景搭建，升降乐池是演出时乐队人员演奏的场所。本文以新建剧场所用高技术设备为背景，凭借长春市广播电视中心新建演播厅工程项目，为舞台机械设备以及升降舞台和升降乐池的设计了一个具有操作方便、安全可靠的舞台自动控制系统。
升降舞台由多个升降块组成，控制系统使这多个升降块在舞台台面以下3米和台面以上2米的高度内停在任意的位置，并且要求启动和停止时平稳，停车误差不超过2毫米。升降乐池是一个钢铁结构的平台，供乐队演出使用，控制系统能使升降乐池在底坑的地下一层和舞台台面之间任意位置启动和停止，并能自动在地下一层处和舞台台面处平层。同时要求整个系统运行安全，电气上设计必要的保护措施。
设计中选择了PC总线工业控制机和可编程序控制器作为控制系统的主机，设计了两个独立的系统分别控制升降舞台和升降乐池，采用了制动电机作为舞台升降的拖动装置，电机的调速方法选择了可以无级平滑调速、经济节能的变频调速方法，并在电气上采用互锁和行程开关来保证舞台机械设备的安全运行。在Windows2000操作系统下，用C++Builder开发可整个系统的控制软件，控制软件使用了面向对象的编程方法，利用多线程技术，完成了对舞台系统的精确控制。系统的使用方法简单，不需要复杂的培训。系统设计完成后，已经运行了一段时间，控制的精度和效果完全满足要求。
在设计舞台控制系统中，本文用制动电机传动取代了传统的液压传动，并结合了变频技术、计算机控制技术，实现了对乐池升降的平稳控制，经过现场调试和使用，控制效果理想，运行可靠，启动停止平稳，平层准确，达到了预期的要求。
The stage which can go up and down is mainly used to set up the background during performance. And an elevating orchestra is the place for the band stuff to perform. With a purpose of installing high-tech equipment for newly-built theatres and on the basis of the project of the newly-built telecasting studio of Chang Chun Municipal Broadcasting and Television Centre, this paper presents a design of an automatic controlling system for stage machinery equipment, elevating stage and orchestra, which is convenient, safe and reliable.
The elevating stage is made up of several elevating blocks. A controlling system can make the blocks stay at any place from 3 meters under to 2 meters over the stage with a smooth starting and stopping , and with a tolerance less than 2mm. The elevating orchestra is a platform of steel structure used for orchestra to perform. A controlling system makes the elevating orchestra move and stop at any place between the underground and the surface of the stage. This system can also automatically be level with underground and the surface of the stage. The system requires that the operation of the system be safe and safety measures are provided in the designing of its electric equipment.
In this design, a PC bus industrial controlling machine and a programmable controller are adopted as the main frame of the controlling system. Two independent systems are designed for controlling the elevating stage and the orchestra respectively.
And a brake motor is adopted as a towing device of the elevating equipment. The speed governing of the motor is done by stepless speed regulating, which is a energy-saving frequency converting method. Besides, interlock and overtravel-limit switch are used in the electric equipment to ensure the safe operation of the stage machinery equipment, In Window2000 operating system, the development of the whole controlling system can be accessed with "C+Builder". The program of the controlling software is accessible to the user. By means of multiwire technique, precise controlling of the stage equipment is obtained. . The system is easy to use and no hard training is needed. After the
completion of the design, the system has been in operation for some time with desirable precision and effect.
In designing the stage controlling system, brake motors are used in place of traditional hydraulic power transmission, combined with frequency conversion technique, computer controlling technique, realizing the smooth control over the elevating orchestra. On-the-spot debugging and operation show that it is desirable in effect, reliable in operation, smooth in starting and stopping, accurate in leveling with the surface of the stage, thus, fulfilling the anticipated requirements.
升降舞台由多个升降块组成，控制系统使这多个升降块在舞台台面以下3米和台面以上2米的高度内停在任意的位置，并且要求启动和停止时平稳，停车误差不超过2毫米。升降乐池是一个钢铁结构的平台，供乐队演出使用，控制系统能使升降乐池在底坑的地下一层和舞台台面之间任意位置启动和停止，并能自动在地下一层处和舞台台面处平层。同时要求整个系统运行安全，电气上设计必要的保护措施。
设计中选择了PC总线工业控制机和可编程序控制器作为控制系统的主机，设计了两个独立的系统分别控制升降舞台和升降乐池，采用了制动电机作为舞台升降的拖动装置，电机的调速方法选择了可以无级平滑调速、经济节能的变频调速方法，并在电气上采用互锁和行程开关来保证舞台机械设备的安全运行。在Windows2000操作系统下，用C++Builder开发可整个系统的控制软件，控制软件使用了面向对象的编程方法，利用多线程技术，完成了对舞台系统的精确控制。系统的使用方法简单，不需要复杂的培训。系统设计完成后，已经运行了一段时间，控制的精度和效果完全满足要求。
在设计舞台控制系统中，本文用制动电机传动取代了传统的液压传动，并结合了变频技术、计算机控制技术，实现了对乐池升降的平稳控制，经过现场调试和使用，控制效果理想，运行可靠，启动停止平稳，平层准确，达到了预期的要求。
The stage which can go up and down is mainly used to set up the background during performance. And an elevating orchestra is the place for the band stuff to perform. With a purpose of installing high-tech equipment for newly-built theatres and on the basis of the project of the newly-built telecasting studio of Chang Chun Municipal Broadcasting and Television Centre, this paper presents a design of an automatic controlling system for stage machinery equipment, elevating stage and orchestra, which is convenient, safe and reliable.
The elevating stage is made up of several elevating blocks. A controlling system can make the blocks stay at any place from 3 meters under to 2 meters over the stage with a smooth starting and stopping , and with a tolerance less than 2mm. The elevating orchestra is a platform of steel structure used for orchestra to perform. A controlling system makes the elevating orchestra move and stop at any place between the underground and the surface of the stage. This system can also automatically be level with underground and the surface of the stage. The system requires that the operation of the system be safe and safety measures are provided in the designing of its electric equipment.
In this design, a PC bus industrial controlling machine and a programmable controller are adopted as the main frame of the controlling system. Two independent systems are designed for controlling the elevating stage and the orchestra respectively.
And a brake motor is adopted as a towing device of the elevating equipment. The speed governing of the motor is done by stepless speed regulating, which is a energy-saving frequency converting method. Besides, interlock and overtravel-limit switch are used in the electric equipment to ensure the safe operation of the stage machinery equipment, In Window2000 operating system, the development of the whole controlling system can be accessed with "C+Builder". The program of the controlling software is accessible to the user. By means of multiwire technique, precise controlling of the stage equipment is obtained. . The system is easy to use and no hard training is needed. After the
completion of the design, the system has been in operation for some time with desirable precision and effect.
In designing the stage controlling system, brake motors are used in place of traditional hydraulic power transmission, combined with frequency conversion technique, computer controlling technique, realizing the smooth control over the elevating orchestra. On-the-spot debugging and operation show that it is desirable in effect, reliable in operation, smooth in starting and stopping, accurate in leveling with the surface of the stage, thus, fulfilling the anticipated requirements.
引文
[1] 俞建．舞台模式探讨．艺术科技．1996，(3)
[2] 吴明亮，高文元，胡赤兵．舞台机械车台的微机控制．机械工程师1999，(9)：46-47
[3] 郭华．舞台机械设备控制系统上位机监控软件的实现．计算机自动测量与控制．2001，(4)
[4] 魏庆福等．STD总线工业控制机的设计与应用．科学出版社．1991
[5] 赵贤庆，李保华．STD工业控制机在舞台机械控制系统的应用．机械研究与应用1996，(1)：14-17
[6] 白忠凯．PLC在舞台机械控制中的应用．国内外机电一体化技术 2002，5：45-47
[7] 李战明，陈若珠．变结构模糊控制器在吊杆调速系统中的应用．甘肃工业大学学报．1998，24(3)：75-78
[8] 何俐萍，阎树田，杨俐玲．大行程升降舞台结构方案的二级模糊综合评判．甘肃工业大学学报．2002，28(2)：45-47
[9] 成开林，丁克龙．螺旋副在升降舞台锁紧机构中的应用．建筑机械化．1990，(6)：30-32
[10] 李战明，陈若珠．三片液压升降台的高精度同步协调控制控制系统．微型计算机信息．2000，16(1)：33-35
[11] 李战明，陈若珠．升降台剪叉机构的时变非线性分析与控制．甘肃工业大学学报．1999，25(3)：77-80
[12] 唐纪萍，杜玉明，郑江．舞台升降机的创新构思及实践．江苏机械制造与自动化．2001，(4)：84-85
[13] 赵鹏，刘意芬．广西人民会堂的舞台机械设计．广西机械．1998，(1)：34-37
[14] 邬宽明．80C51系列微机控制系统原理、功能集成与应用．北京航空航天大学出版社．1994
[15] 于海生．微型计算机控制技术．清华大学出版社．1999
[16] 耿文学，华容．微机可编程序控制器原理、使用和应用实例．电子工工业出版社．1990
[17] IARLEN, VARNOVIRTSKY. A. Microcomputer-Based Control Signal Generator for a Three-Phase Switching Power. Inverter, IEEE Trans. Ind. appl. 1983
[18] Phoivos, Ziogas. The Delta Modulation Technique in static PWM Inverters. IEEE Trans. Ind Appl. 1981
[19] Patel H S, Hoft R G. Generalized Techniques of Harmonics Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters: Part Ⅰ Hamonic elimination. IEEE, Trans IA. 1997
[20] Rso SS. Multi-objective optimization of fuzzy structural system (J) International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 1987
[21] John Hyde. The Multibus Ⅱ Bus Strcture. New York: Mc GRAW-HILL Publishing Company. 1990
[22] SCHROER. R. System readiness test technology for the last century. IEEE AES systern magazine. 1996
[23] Holt, Michael. Stage design and properties Theater-Stage-setting and scenery. Oxford Phaidon. 1998
[24] Carter, Paul. Backstage handbook: an illustrated almanac of technical information. New York, NY: Broadway Press. 1988.
[25] Glerum Stage rigging handbook Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 1987
[26] 马小亮．大功率交—交变频交流调速及矢量控制．机械工业出版社．1992
[27] 佟纯厚．现代交流调速．冶金工业出版社．1985
[28] 周明德．微型计算机系统硬件软件及其应用．清华大学出版社．1982
[29] 谢音．城市多功能影剧院舞台机械配置方案．应用技术研究．1998，(6)：26-27
[30] 魏发孔．垂直丝杠传动大型举升设备的设计与研究．甘肃工业大学学报．1997，23(1)：66-71
[31] 周铭，杨惠中．功能舞台电气控制系统的研究与设计．机电工程．1999，14(3)：49-51
[32] 马守谦，王金娥．多块舞台升降台的计算机控制系统．甘肃工业大学学报．1989，15(2)：70-76
[33] 宋宏．工控组态软件FIX及其在舞台吊机控制系统中的应用．艺术科技．2001，(2)：4-6
[34] 吴剑波，倪晓．杭州满陇桂雨主题公园灯光，音响，舞台机械设计方案．艺术科技．2000，(1)：4-6
[35] 陈若珠．计算机控制直流调速吊杆及其准确定位．甘肃工业大学学报．1997，23(1)：60-65
[36] 李鄂民，高钰堂．三块双层升降舞台的液压系统及其电液比例同步控制．液压与气动．1991
[37] 孙新青．舞台机械产品质量管理．甘肃工业大学学报．23(3)：55-58
[38] Siegfried Stablein(原文)，张雁(译)．舞台机械和表演装置技术的主要经济潜力．艺术科技．2000，(1)：40-42
[39] 胡赤兵，张胜昌．舞台控制中的噪声分析及滤波器设计．自动化与仪表．1999，14(2)：51-53
[40] 魏发孔．舞台升降台技术诊断分析及整改措施．起重运输机械．2002，(4)：9-11
[41] 李鹏．舞台台板同步模糊控制系统．电子技术应用．1998，(9)：23-25
[42] 高文元．我国舞台机械工程发展动向．甘肃工业大学学报．1996
[43] 王胜航等．北京市长安大戏院舞台机械的配置及有关承载运算．甘肃工业大学学报(舞台机械专辑)．1996
[44] 张瑾，王胜航，张世军．大型多层多块升降台的设计与研制．甘肃工业大学学报．1996
[45] 田云．STD BUS工业控制机原理及应用．电子工业出版社．1987
[46] 陈若珠，龚建兴，汤子龙等．舞台调杆微机群控系统的研制．甘肃工业大学学报．1996
[2] 吴明亮，高文元，胡赤兵．舞台机械车台的微机控制．机械工程师1999，(9)：46-47
[3] 郭华．舞台机械设备控制系统上位机监控软件的实现．计算机自动测量与控制．2001，(4)
[4] 魏庆福等．STD总线工业控制机的设计与应用．科学出版社．1991
[5] 赵贤庆，李保华．STD工业控制机在舞台机械控制系统的应用．机械研究与应用1996，(1)：14-17
[6] 白忠凯．PLC在舞台机械控制中的应用．国内外机电一体化技术 2002，5：45-47
[7] 李战明，陈若珠．变结构模糊控制器在吊杆调速系统中的应用．甘肃工业大学学报．1998，24(3)：75-78
[8] 何俐萍，阎树田，杨俐玲．大行程升降舞台结构方案的二级模糊综合评判．甘肃工业大学学报．2002，28(2)：45-47
[9] 成开林，丁克龙．螺旋副在升降舞台锁紧机构中的应用．建筑机械化．1990，(6)：30-32
[10] 李战明，陈若珠．三片液压升降台的高精度同步协调控制控制系统．微型计算机信息．2000，16(1)：33-35
[11] 李战明，陈若珠．升降台剪叉机构的时变非线性分析与控制．甘肃工业大学学报．1999，25(3)：77-80
[12] 唐纪萍，杜玉明，郑江．舞台升降机的创新构思及实践．江苏机械制造与自动化．2001，(4)：84-85
[13] 赵鹏，刘意芬．广西人民会堂的舞台机械设计．广西机械．1998，(1)：34-37
[14] 邬宽明．80C51系列微机控制系统原理、功能集成与应用．北京航空航天大学出版社．1994
[15] 于海生．微型计算机控制技术．清华大学出版社．1999
[16] 耿文学，华容．微机可编程序控制器原理、使用和应用实例．电子工工业出版社．1990
[17] IARLEN, VARNOVIRTSKY. A. Microcomputer-Based Control Signal Generator for a Three-Phase Switching Power. Inverter, IEEE Trans. Ind. appl. 1983
[18] Phoivos, Ziogas. The Delta Modulation Technique in static PWM Inverters. IEEE Trans. Ind Appl. 1981
[19] Patel H S, Hoft R G. Generalized Techniques of Harmonics Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters: Part Ⅰ Hamonic elimination. IEEE, Trans IA. 1997
[20] Rso SS. Multi-objective optimization of fuzzy structural system (J) International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 1987
[21] John Hyde. The Multibus Ⅱ Bus Strcture. New York: Mc GRAW-HILL Publishing Company. 1990
[22] SCHROER. R. System readiness test technology for the last century. IEEE AES systern magazine. 1996
[23] Holt, Michael. Stage design and properties Theater-Stage-setting and scenery. Oxford Phaidon. 1998
[24] Carter, Paul. Backstage handbook: an illustrated almanac of technical information. New York, NY: Broadway Press. 1988.
[25] Glerum Stage rigging handbook Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 1987
[26] 马小亮．大功率交—交变频交流调速及矢量控制．机械工业出版社．1992
[27] 佟纯厚．现代交流调速．冶金工业出版社．1985
[28] 周明德．微型计算机系统硬件软件及其应用．清华大学出版社．1982
[29] 谢音．城市多功能影剧院舞台机械配置方案．应用技术研究．1998，(6)：26-27
[30] 魏发孔．垂直丝杠传动大型举升设备的设计与研究．甘肃工业大学学报．1997，23(1)：66-71
[31] 周铭，杨惠中．功能舞台电气控制系统的研究与设计．机电工程．1999，14(3)：49-51
[32] 马守谦，王金娥．多块舞台升降台的计算机控制系统．甘肃工业大学学报．1989，15(2)：70-76
[33] 宋宏．工控组态软件FIX及其在舞台吊机控制系统中的应用．艺术科技．2001，(2)：4-6
[34] 吴剑波，倪晓．杭州满陇桂雨主题公园灯光，音响，舞台机械设计方案．艺术科技．2000，(1)：4-6
[35] 陈若珠．计算机控制直流调速吊杆及其准确定位．甘肃工业大学学报．1997，23(1)：60-65
[36] 李鄂民，高钰堂．三块双层升降舞台的液压系统及其电液比例同步控制．液压与气动．1991
[37] 孙新青．舞台机械产品质量管理．甘肃工业大学学报．23(3)：55-58
[38] Siegfried Stablein(原文)，张雁(译)．舞台机械和表演装置技术的主要经济潜力．艺术科技．2000，(1)：40-42
[39] 胡赤兵，张胜昌．舞台控制中的噪声分析及滤波器设计．自动化与仪表．1999，14(2)：51-53
[40] 魏发孔．舞台升降台技术诊断分析及整改措施．起重运输机械．2002，(4)：9-11
[41] 李鹏．舞台台板同步模糊控制系统．电子技术应用．1998，(9)：23-25
[42] 高文元．我国舞台机械工程发展动向．甘肃工业大学学报．1996
[43] 王胜航等．北京市长安大戏院舞台机械的配置及有关承载运算．甘肃工业大学学报(舞台机械专辑)．1996
[44] 张瑾，王胜航，张世军．大型多层多块升降台的设计与研制．甘肃工业大学学报．1996
[45] 田云．STD BUS工业控制机原理及应用．电子工业出版社．1987
[46] 陈若珠，龚建兴，汤子龙等．舞台调杆微机群控系统的研制．甘肃工业大学学报．1996