高技能型人才能力建设研究
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摘要
世界经济一体化,我国经济社会转型,产业结构优化升级、人才强国战略实施,区域协调发展都离不开高技能型人才的支撑。然而,与经济社会发展的实际需求相比,我国高技能型人才队伍呈现出数量不足、质量不高、结构不合理的严重短缺现象,已成为制约企业持续发展和阻碍产业升级的“瓶颈”。高技能型人才工作和队伍建设面临严峻挑战。因此,研究企业高技能型人才的能力建设问题迫在眉睫。
本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,基于对高技能型人力资本的形成机理,高技能型人才的能力模型,以及知识动态均衡模型的研究,建立了高技能型人才能力建设机制。文章主要取得以下四个方面的研究成果:
(1)通过大样本案例研究和灰色关联分析,总结归纳了影响高技能型人力资本形成的9个影响因素,并分析了高技能型人力资本形成和积累的路径。在此基础之上,建立了由高技能型人才的个体人力资本形成机理、组织资本对高技能型人力资本的积累以及人力资本形成和积累的七条路径依赖组成的高技能型人力资本形成机理模型。其中,个体人力资本形成是包括动作技能、知性技能和心智技能在内的技能基因的形成机理;组织资本对高技能型人力资本积累的影响主要表现在组织的产品结构、人才素质结构、生产能力、评价机制、激励机制、组织学习、技术开发和技术成果转化能力对高技能型人力资本积累的影响。七条人力资本形成的依赖路径为分别是:职业教育、在职培训、干中学、产业结构调整优化、技术进步、产业集群聚集以及人力资本流动。高技能型人力资本形成的影响因素则是通过对人力资本形成过程和依赖路径的影响,来实现人力资本的形成和积累的。
(2)编制了高技能型人才能力词典,根据能力词典设计了能力调查问卷,并基于对北京市的9家企业问卷调查分析的基础上,借助结构方程建模理论,构建了包含心智技能、知性技能、动作技能、人格特征和通用能力五个维度的高技能型人才能力模型,并分析了各维度能力之间的关系,以及它们与综合能力的关系。
(3)借助博弈理论和微分方程建模理论,建立了叠加知识场的知识动态均衡模型,该模型是由知识显性化激励模型和知识外部化动态均衡模型两个分模型共同构成的。根据模型分析,提出了促进企业内知识流动和共享的激励策略
(4)基于上述理论分析、案例研究和实际调研,本文以能力模型为基础,构建了高技能型人才的能力建设机制,该机制是一个以高技能型人才的能力评价为核心,将能力评价、能力培养、能力激发、能力使用和能力发展相结合的一体化联动机制。
The support of high skilled talents are urgently needed by world economic integration, economic and social transformation, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development, and balanced development among regions. However, compared with the actual needs of economic and social development, our team of high skilled talents shows critical shortage with insufficient quantity, low quality, and irrational structure, which has become "bottleneck”that restricts sustainable development of enterprises and upgrading of industry. We are facing a serious challenge of human resources management and team building of high skilled talents. Therefore, it is imperative to do the research on capacity building of high skilled talents of enterprises.
Based on the previous studies, this dissertation has conducted the research on formation mechanism of high skilled human capital, the capacity model of high skilled talents and the dynamic equilibrium model of knowledge. Finally, the capacity-building mechanism of high skilled talents is established mainly according to the capacity model of high skilled talents.
(1) Armed with large sample of case studies and gray correlation analysis, nine influence factors of high-skilled human capital formation is found. Than, formation and accumulation paths of high skilled human capital is analyzed. Based on these researches, formation mechanism model of high skilled human capital is established which includes formation mechanism of individual human capital, organizational capital for high skilled human capital accumulation, and seven paths dependence of human capital accumulation. Specifically, formation mechanism of individual human capital is the formation mechanism of skill gene containing operational skills, cognitive skills and mental skills. High skilled human capital accumulation is influenced by organizational capital through product structure, the structure of personnel quality, productivity, evaluation mechanism, incentive mechanism, organizational learning, technology development and technology transformation capacity. The eight paths of human capital accumulation are vocational education, job training, learning by doing, optimization of industrial structure, technological progress, industrial cluster aggregation and human capital flow.
(2) The capacity dictionary of high skilled talents is produced, and the questionnaire is designed based on the capacity dictionary. Based on the survey of 9 enterprises in Beijing, using structural equation modeling theory, the capacity model of high skilled talents is constructed including operational skills, cognitive skills and mental skills, personality and general ability. Meanwhile, the relationship between comprehensive capacity and five dimensions, and among five dimensions are revealed
(3) With game theory and differential equations modeling theory, the dynamic equilibrium model of knowledge in superposition knowledge field is built and incentive strategies for promoting knowledge flow and sharing in enterprises are proposed.
(4) Based on the theoretical, empirical and case studies mentioned above, the capacity-building mechanism of high skilled talents is established. This capacity-building mechanism is an integrated linkage mechanism that combines capacity evaluation, capacity cultivation, capacity inspiring, capacity using and capacity development together.
本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,基于对高技能型人力资本的形成机理,高技能型人才的能力模型,以及知识动态均衡模型的研究,建立了高技能型人才能力建设机制。文章主要取得以下四个方面的研究成果:
(1)通过大样本案例研究和灰色关联分析,总结归纳了影响高技能型人力资本形成的9个影响因素,并分析了高技能型人力资本形成和积累的路径。在此基础之上,建立了由高技能型人才的个体人力资本形成机理、组织资本对高技能型人力资本的积累以及人力资本形成和积累的七条路径依赖组成的高技能型人力资本形成机理模型。其中,个体人力资本形成是包括动作技能、知性技能和心智技能在内的技能基因的形成机理;组织资本对高技能型人力资本积累的影响主要表现在组织的产品结构、人才素质结构、生产能力、评价机制、激励机制、组织学习、技术开发和技术成果转化能力对高技能型人力资本积累的影响。七条人力资本形成的依赖路径为分别是:职业教育、在职培训、干中学、产业结构调整优化、技术进步、产业集群聚集以及人力资本流动。高技能型人力资本形成的影响因素则是通过对人力资本形成过程和依赖路径的影响,来实现人力资本的形成和积累的。
(2)编制了高技能型人才能力词典,根据能力词典设计了能力调查问卷,并基于对北京市的9家企业问卷调查分析的基础上,借助结构方程建模理论,构建了包含心智技能、知性技能、动作技能、人格特征和通用能力五个维度的高技能型人才能力模型,并分析了各维度能力之间的关系,以及它们与综合能力的关系。
(3)借助博弈理论和微分方程建模理论,建立了叠加知识场的知识动态均衡模型,该模型是由知识显性化激励模型和知识外部化动态均衡模型两个分模型共同构成的。根据模型分析,提出了促进企业内知识流动和共享的激励策略
(4)基于上述理论分析、案例研究和实际调研,本文以能力模型为基础,构建了高技能型人才的能力建设机制,该机制是一个以高技能型人才的能力评价为核心,将能力评价、能力培养、能力激发、能力使用和能力发展相结合的一体化联动机制。
The support of high skilled talents are urgently needed by world economic integration, economic and social transformation, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development, and balanced development among regions. However, compared with the actual needs of economic and social development, our team of high skilled talents shows critical shortage with insufficient quantity, low quality, and irrational structure, which has become "bottleneck”that restricts sustainable development of enterprises and upgrading of industry. We are facing a serious challenge of human resources management and team building of high skilled talents. Therefore, it is imperative to do the research on capacity building of high skilled talents of enterprises.
Based on the previous studies, this dissertation has conducted the research on formation mechanism of high skilled human capital, the capacity model of high skilled talents and the dynamic equilibrium model of knowledge. Finally, the capacity-building mechanism of high skilled talents is established mainly according to the capacity model of high skilled talents.
(1) Armed with large sample of case studies and gray correlation analysis, nine influence factors of high-skilled human capital formation is found. Than, formation and accumulation paths of high skilled human capital is analyzed. Based on these researches, formation mechanism model of high skilled human capital is established which includes formation mechanism of individual human capital, organizational capital for high skilled human capital accumulation, and seven paths dependence of human capital accumulation. Specifically, formation mechanism of individual human capital is the formation mechanism of skill gene containing operational skills, cognitive skills and mental skills. High skilled human capital accumulation is influenced by organizational capital through product structure, the structure of personnel quality, productivity, evaluation mechanism, incentive mechanism, organizational learning, technology development and technology transformation capacity. The eight paths of human capital accumulation are vocational education, job training, learning by doing, optimization of industrial structure, technological progress, industrial cluster aggregation and human capital flow.
(2) The capacity dictionary of high skilled talents is produced, and the questionnaire is designed based on the capacity dictionary. Based on the survey of 9 enterprises in Beijing, using structural equation modeling theory, the capacity model of high skilled talents is constructed including operational skills, cognitive skills and mental skills, personality and general ability. Meanwhile, the relationship between comprehensive capacity and five dimensions, and among five dimensions are revealed
(3) With game theory and differential equations modeling theory, the dynamic equilibrium model of knowledge in superposition knowledge field is built and incentive strategies for promoting knowledge flow and sharing in enterprises are proposed.
(4) Based on the theoretical, empirical and case studies mentioned above, the capacity-building mechanism of high skilled talents is established. This capacity-building mechanism is an integrated linkage mechanism that combines capacity evaluation, capacity cultivation, capacity inspiring, capacity using and capacity development together.
引文
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