自动控制多功能实验台系统的研究与开发
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摘要
论文致力于开发以自动控制原理为核心的多课程综合实验平台,为高等院校的测量和控制类相关专业提供实验教学设备。
论文基于模块化思想,设计了实验台系统的整体功能,此实验设备具有开放性好、扩展方便等优点;虚拟仪器与硬件电路的无缝结合为实验项目的设置增加了灵活性;设计了电动机转速和位置的模拟电路控制方案和计算机数字控制方案,两者有机结合,相互补充,使学生能够更深刻更全面地掌握理论知识;充分利用计算机的丰富资源和运算能力,设计了功能强大的虚拟仪器软件和控制系统辅助分析设计软件,提高了实验教学效率。
论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面:
1.基于实际考察和论证,完成自动控制多功能实验台系统的机械装置设计,电动机和传感器选型;
2.完成电动机转速的模拟电路控制方案的详细设计。开发出电动机功率驱动板、集成多种实验电路的一体化控制板。
3.完成电动机转速和位置的计算机数字控制方案的详细设计。通过需求分析,设计了计算机数字控制方案的总体功能和性能要求。完成基于EPP接口的多功能运动控制卡的电路设计与仿真。完成计算机实时控制方案论证并提出实时软件设计思想。
4.分析自动控制原理等课程的实验教学要求,设计了线性系统时域分析、转速开环控制、转速闭环控制、系统校正等实验项目。完成虚拟示波器、任意波形发生器等虚拟仪器软件的功能设计。
最终研制出实验样机,并投入01级本科生教学实验课使用,取得了很好的效果。
This dissertation research and develop the multifunctional experiment bench system aimed to help the students of measuring and control technology major to learn the course of automatic control principles by experiments.
The experiment bench system was designed on modularized ideas. Virtual instruments seamlessly bonded with hardware circuits facilitate adding new experiment items flexibly. Two different schemes for rotational speed and positional serve of direct current motor were conceived. One scheme is based on analog circuits and the other is based on digital circuits and computer software. Powerful virtual instruments and computer-aided analysis & design software of control system were developed, which increased efficiency of experiment teaching.
The main work in this paper contains:
1. Based on facts and analysis, mechanical system of experiment bench system was developed, also the types of motors and sensors were selected.
2. Completing detail design of analog control circuits for rotational speed of dc motor, power driver circuit board and multifunction-integrated control circuit board were developed.
3. After demand analysis, detail design of digital control scheme of rotational speed & positional serve of dc motor was figured out. Multifunctional kinetic control card based on EPP interface of computer was developed. Flow process chart of real-time control routine based on computer was presented.
4. After analyzing the requirement of experiment course of automatic control principles, several experiment items such as time-domain analysis in linear system, open-loop rotational speed control, closed-loop rotational speed control, system adjustment are designed. The virtual instruments also completed the functions of oscilloscope, arbitrary curve generator etc.
Finally, the paper designed a prototype instrument for experiments which has been applied into the teaching courses for undergraduates of grade 2001. Good results were obtained.
论文基于模块化思想,设计了实验台系统的整体功能,此实验设备具有开放性好、扩展方便等优点;虚拟仪器与硬件电路的无缝结合为实验项目的设置增加了灵活性;设计了电动机转速和位置的模拟电路控制方案和计算机数字控制方案,两者有机结合,相互补充,使学生能够更深刻更全面地掌握理论知识;充分利用计算机的丰富资源和运算能力,设计了功能强大的虚拟仪器软件和控制系统辅助分析设计软件,提高了实验教学效率。
论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面:
1.基于实际考察和论证,完成自动控制多功能实验台系统的机械装置设计,电动机和传感器选型;
2.完成电动机转速的模拟电路控制方案的详细设计。开发出电动机功率驱动板、集成多种实验电路的一体化控制板。
3.完成电动机转速和位置的计算机数字控制方案的详细设计。通过需求分析,设计了计算机数字控制方案的总体功能和性能要求。完成基于EPP接口的多功能运动控制卡的电路设计与仿真。完成计算机实时控制方案论证并提出实时软件设计思想。
4.分析自动控制原理等课程的实验教学要求,设计了线性系统时域分析、转速开环控制、转速闭环控制、系统校正等实验项目。完成虚拟示波器、任意波形发生器等虚拟仪器软件的功能设计。
最终研制出实验样机,并投入01级本科生教学实验课使用,取得了很好的效果。
This dissertation research and develop the multifunctional experiment bench system aimed to help the students of measuring and control technology major to learn the course of automatic control principles by experiments.
The experiment bench system was designed on modularized ideas. Virtual instruments seamlessly bonded with hardware circuits facilitate adding new experiment items flexibly. Two different schemes for rotational speed and positional serve of direct current motor were conceived. One scheme is based on analog circuits and the other is based on digital circuits and computer software. Powerful virtual instruments and computer-aided analysis & design software of control system were developed, which increased efficiency of experiment teaching.
The main work in this paper contains:
1. Based on facts and analysis, mechanical system of experiment bench system was developed, also the types of motors and sensors were selected.
2. Completing detail design of analog control circuits for rotational speed of dc motor, power driver circuit board and multifunction-integrated control circuit board were developed.
3. After demand analysis, detail design of digital control scheme of rotational speed & positional serve of dc motor was figured out. Multifunctional kinetic control card based on EPP interface of computer was developed. Flow process chart of real-time control routine based on computer was presented.
4. After analyzing the requirement of experiment course of automatic control principles, several experiment items such as time-domain analysis in linear system, open-loop rotational speed control, closed-loop rotational speed control, system adjustment are designed. The virtual instruments also completed the functions of oscilloscope, arbitrary curve generator etc.
Finally, the paper designed a prototype instrument for experiments which has been applied into the teaching courses for undergraduates of grade 2001. Good results were obtained.
引文
[1]尹平浪,黄从实,DW-Ⅲ型电子模拟实验装置的功能开发,实验室研究与探索,1990,03:69-74
[2]赵坚玉,邵裕森,GM-Ⅱ过程模拟实验装置在教学实践中的应用,实验室研究与探索,1994, 04:72-75
[3]董长虹,Matlab 接口技术与应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[4]教学仪器产品手册,精仪达盛科技公司,2003
[5]百科融创新教学实验设备,北京百科融创公司,2003
[6]胡寿松,自动控制原理(第 3 版),北京:国防工业出版社,2000
[7]强锡富等,传感器,北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[8]李仁定,电机的微机控制,北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[9]何希才,传感器及其应用电路,北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[10]张国雄 金篆芷等,测控电路,北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[11]刘霆,机电参数耦合实验台的研制和开发:[硕士学位论文],北京;北京工业大学,2001
[12]秦继荣,沈安俊,现代直流伺服控制技术及其系统设计,北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[13]王守武,VMOS 场效应晶体管应用手册,北京:科学出版社,1990
[14] How to Drive DC Motors with Smart Power ICs, Herbert Sax, APPLICATION NOTE OF SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS
[15]余永权,李小青等,单片机应用系统的功率接口技术,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1992
[16]李宁,陈桂,运动控制系统,北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[17]周渊深,交直流调速系统与 MATLAB 仿真,北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[18]胡祐德,伺服系统原理与设计,北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999
[19]郭维藩,自动控制原理实验,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1990
[20]胡寿松,沈程智,赵平等,自动控制原理习题集,北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[21]王彦,方艾,张清明,基于 FPGA 的数字波形发生器,机械与电子,2004(6):14-17
[22]郭俊敏,基于 EPP 口的虚拟仪器实验平台的研究:[硕士学位论文],西安;电子科技大学,2003
[23]黄任,AVR 单片机与 CPLD/FPGA 综合应用入门,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[24]杨恒,卢飞成,FPGA/VHDL 快速工程实践入门与提高,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[25]东方人华, MAX+PLUS II, 北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[26]徐彬,谭征,袁蕾,基于 DDS 技术的任意波形发生器,电子世界,2002(1):58-60,81
[27]康华光等,电子技术基础-数字部分(第四版),北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[28]王晓明,电动机的单片机控制,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[29]杨书华,霍孟友,微机原理及软硬件接口技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[30]童谦,谢剑英,数字位置伺服控制系统设计,测控技术,2002,21(10):30-32,35
[31](美)Jan Axelson,并行端口大全,北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[32]Dhananjay.V.Gadre,并行端口编程,北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[33]梅洪,单家元,基于 Win32 的控制软件定时器程序的编写,微计算机信息,2003,19(6):81-82
[34]吴林平,胡仁杰,徐达银 ,软件定时器的实现,工业控制计算机,2002,15(11):46-48
[35]张志明,王磊,孙广清,Windows 下高精度软件定时器的研究与实现,微型机与应用,2003,22(1):55-57
[36]潘策,陈晓柄,杨培林,基于最优化 PID 控制的直流脉宽调速系统,机床电器,2003,30(6):34-36
[37]黄忠霖,控制系统 MATLAB 计算及仿真,北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[38]刘金琨,先进 PID 控制及其 MATLAB 仿真,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[39]姚勇涛,张逸成,赵康怀,直流电动机及直流调整系统的参数辨识,机车电传动,1996(6):21-23
[40]谢锡祺,杨焕明,位置伺服系统中伺服电机的实验建模,北京理工大学学报,1996,16(3):323-327
[41]董长虹,Matlab 接口技术与应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[42]孤峰醉酒,Pro Engineer 工程图白金手册,北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[43]庞振基 黄其圣,精密机械设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[2]赵坚玉,邵裕森,GM-Ⅱ过程模拟实验装置在教学实践中的应用,实验室研究与探索,1994, 04:72-75
[3]董长虹,Matlab 接口技术与应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[4]教学仪器产品手册,精仪达盛科技公司,2003
[5]百科融创新教学实验设备,北京百科融创公司,2003
[6]胡寿松,自动控制原理(第 3 版),北京:国防工业出版社,2000
[7]强锡富等,传感器,北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[8]李仁定,电机的微机控制,北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[9]何希才,传感器及其应用电路,北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[10]张国雄 金篆芷等,测控电路,北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[11]刘霆,机电参数耦合实验台的研制和开发:[硕士学位论文],北京;北京工业大学,2001
[12]秦继荣,沈安俊,现代直流伺服控制技术及其系统设计,北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[13]王守武,VMOS 场效应晶体管应用手册,北京:科学出版社,1990
[14] How to Drive DC Motors with Smart Power ICs, Herbert Sax, APPLICATION NOTE OF SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS
[15]余永权,李小青等,单片机应用系统的功率接口技术,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1992
[16]李宁,陈桂,运动控制系统,北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[17]周渊深,交直流调速系统与 MATLAB 仿真,北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[18]胡祐德,伺服系统原理与设计,北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999
[19]郭维藩,自动控制原理实验,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1990
[20]胡寿松,沈程智,赵平等,自动控制原理习题集,北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[21]王彦,方艾,张清明,基于 FPGA 的数字波形发生器,机械与电子,2004(6):14-17
[22]郭俊敏,基于 EPP 口的虚拟仪器实验平台的研究:[硕士学位论文],西安;电子科技大学,2003
[23]黄任,AVR 单片机与 CPLD/FPGA 综合应用入门,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[24]杨恒,卢飞成,FPGA/VHDL 快速工程实践入门与提高,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[25]东方人华, MAX+PLUS II, 北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[26]徐彬,谭征,袁蕾,基于 DDS 技术的任意波形发生器,电子世界,2002(1):58-60,81
[27]康华光等,电子技术基础-数字部分(第四版),北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[28]王晓明,电动机的单片机控制,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[29]杨书华,霍孟友,微机原理及软硬件接口技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[30]童谦,谢剑英,数字位置伺服控制系统设计,测控技术,2002,21(10):30-32,35
[31](美)Jan Axelson,并行端口大全,北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[32]Dhananjay.V.Gadre,并行端口编程,北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[33]梅洪,单家元,基于 Win32 的控制软件定时器程序的编写,微计算机信息,2003,19(6):81-82
[34]吴林平,胡仁杰,徐达银 ,软件定时器的实现,工业控制计算机,2002,15(11):46-48
[35]张志明,王磊,孙广清,Windows 下高精度软件定时器的研究与实现,微型机与应用,2003,22(1):55-57
[36]潘策,陈晓柄,杨培林,基于最优化 PID 控制的直流脉宽调速系统,机床电器,2003,30(6):34-36
[37]黄忠霖,控制系统 MATLAB 计算及仿真,北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[38]刘金琨,先进 PID 控制及其 MATLAB 仿真,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[39]姚勇涛,张逸成,赵康怀,直流电动机及直流调整系统的参数辨识,机车电传动,1996(6):21-23
[40]谢锡祺,杨焕明,位置伺服系统中伺服电机的实验建模,北京理工大学学报,1996,16(3):323-327
[41]董长虹,Matlab 接口技术与应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[42]孤峰醉酒,Pro Engineer 工程图白金手册,北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[43]庞振基 黄其圣,精密机械设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2000