智能脱扣器电参数测量方法及不确定度的研究
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摘要
智能脱扣器是智能断路器的核心部分,它不仅提供普通断路器的各种保护功能,还能实时地显示负载电路中的各种电参数。测量显示功能是智能脱扣器主要功能之一。本文首先介绍智能脱扣器电参数测量方法。智能脱扣器电参数主要指电流有效值、电压有效值和有功功率。三相电流检测是智能脱扣器识别故障、实现三段保护的基础。本文分负载线路正常与短路故障两种情况,介绍电流测量方法和测量算法。重点分析了线路正常时电参数测量不确定的主要来源,提供了电参数测量算法及对应的测量误差模型。智能脱扣器电参数测量不确定度,既与测量方法有关,又与测量算法有关。本文提出了降低电参数测量不确定度的方法。采用复化辛普森求积公式得到的电压和电流有效值,测量不确定度降低不少。本文探讨了短路电流测量不确定度问题。智能脱扣器所显示的短路电流大小涉及短路机理、短路电流定义,其测量精度与互感器精度、算法有关。短路电流的识别的主要目的是为了保护控制。调整电流整定值大小可以抵消电流测量不确定度带来的负面影响。短路故障时电流测量不确定度技术上允许高于非故障时,不必达到计量级别的水平。本文提出应用了一种动态的异常值、虚值剔除方法。降低电参数测量不确定度的思路是:采用合理的测量方法,选用精度更高的新型互感器,应用高速单片机和高可靠性器件,建立正确的数学模型,全面地分析不确定度来源,把降低不确定度硬件方法和软件方法结合起来。本文重要目标之一是,在负载线路非故障情况下,使智能脱扣器所显示的电参数有较小的不确定度,达到计量级别的要求。论文中详细叙述了相关设计的理论基础,重点介绍了硬件的选择依据和工作原理,以及相关软件程序的设计思想和编制方法。
Intelligent release is intelligent circuit-breaker’s core part. It can protect all kinds of faults about ordinary circuit-breaker. It can show all kinds of electric quantities about main load circuit. Measurement and show function is a main function of intelligent release. Measurement methods of electric quantity are introduced about intelligent release first. Major electric quantities are RMS current, RMS volate and active power.Three-phase current detection is base that intelligent release detects faults and carrys out three-section protection. When main circuit is normal the measurement methods and mathematical models of measurement are different from short-circuit. Principal analysis is about major uncertainty source when normal. The mathematical models of measurement and errors models are presented. The measurement method and mathematical models of measurement affect uncertainty of measuring electric quantity. The methods to decrease uncertainty of measurement are presented.In measuring RMS volate and RMS current the complex Simpson integral method is used to reduce uncertainty of measurement. Short-circuit current is about short-circuit course and definition of short-circuit current. Accuracy of measuring short-circuit current is about accuracy of transformer and the mathematical models of measurement. Measuring short-circuit current proposes protection. Adjusting current value can offset effect of uncertainty. When main circuit is short-circuit, the uncertainty of measurement is greater than when. normal,need not have high accuracy,technique allow. The movement method to clear up unusual value and void value is introduced.Using scientific measurement methods, using new-type high accuracy transformer, using high rate microprocessor and high reliability parts, getting correct mathematical models, getting overall analysis methods of uncertainty source, using the hardware and software methods to decrease uncertainty of measurement, measuring RMS current, RMS volate and active power have high accuracy. The basic principles of the design are accounted detail,the selective bases and the operational principle of the hardware are introduced chiefly and the design reasons and program means of the software are recommend in this thesis.
Intelligent release is intelligent circuit-breaker’s core part. It can protect all kinds of faults about ordinary circuit-breaker. It can show all kinds of electric quantities about main load circuit. Measurement and show function is a main function of intelligent release. Measurement methods of electric quantity are introduced about intelligent release first. Major electric quantities are RMS current, RMS volate and active power.Three-phase current detection is base that intelligent release detects faults and carrys out three-section protection. When main circuit is normal the measurement methods and mathematical models of measurement are different from short-circuit. Principal analysis is about major uncertainty source when normal. The mathematical models of measurement and errors models are presented. The measurement method and mathematical models of measurement affect uncertainty of measuring electric quantity. The methods to decrease uncertainty of measurement are presented.In measuring RMS volate and RMS current the complex Simpson integral method is used to reduce uncertainty of measurement. Short-circuit current is about short-circuit course and definition of short-circuit current. Accuracy of measuring short-circuit current is about accuracy of transformer and the mathematical models of measurement. Measuring short-circuit current proposes protection. Adjusting current value can offset effect of uncertainty. When main circuit is short-circuit, the uncertainty of measurement is greater than when. normal,need not have high accuracy,technique allow. The movement method to clear up unusual value and void value is introduced.Using scientific measurement methods, using new-type high accuracy transformer, using high rate microprocessor and high reliability parts, getting correct mathematical models, getting overall analysis methods of uncertainty source, using the hardware and software methods to decrease uncertainty of measurement, measuring RMS current, RMS volate and active power have high accuracy. The basic principles of the design are accounted detail,the selective bases and the operational principle of the hardware are introduced chiefly and the design reasons and program means of the software are recommend in this thesis.
引文
[1]周茂祥主编.低压电器设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1992,832-837
[2]王汝文,宋政湘,扬伟.电器智能化原理及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,3-122
[3]KlausKosack著,胡明忠,胡沫非译.SIEMENS低压开关电器和开关设备手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1999,397-405
[4]叶德培.测量不确定度.北京:国防工业出版社,1996,14-17
[5]钱绍圣.测量不确定度实验数据的处理与表示.北京:清华大学出版社,2002,8-11
[6]中华人民共和国国家计量技术规范:JJF10059-1999测量不确定度与表示,1999,15-24
[7]曹金根,金佩琪.低压电器与低压开关柜.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001,233-284
[8]费业泰,卢荣胜.动态测量误差修正原理与技术.北京:中国计量出版社,2001,58-84
[9]邹积岩.智能电器.北京:机械工业出版社,2006,57-82
[10]林辛,封承芳.新一代塑壳式断路器的智能脱扣装置研究.电工电能新技术,1997,18(3):54-57
[11]夏天伟、任继斌、李海波.智能脱扣器的研究.电工技术杂志,2001,(1):21-22
[12]孙传友,孙晓斌,汉泽西等.测控系统原理与设计.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2002,16-26
[13]陈培国.新一代DW450-1600智能型万能式断路器.低压电器,2005,(1):6-7
[14] Hart.D.etal.Tapping Protecting Relay for Power Information.IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Jan, Quality, 2000,33(1):45-49
[15]房小翠.单片机实用系统设计技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1999,273-305
[16]章永孚,程玉彪.ST智能型脱扣器的可靠性措施.低压电器,1998,(3):2-4
[17]丁振良.误差理论与数据处理.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002,22-42
[18] Ljubomir Kojovic. Rogowski coins suit relay protection and measurement. IEEE Computer Application in Power, 1997, (7): 47-52
[19]日本电气学会大电流能量应用技术调查专门委员会著,陈国呈译.大电流能量技术与应用.北京:科学出版社,2004,152-164
[20]邱关源.现代电路理论.北京:高等教育出版社,2001,132-139
[21]李桂成.计算方法.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,166-167
[22]孙志忠,袁慰平,闻震初.数值分析.南京:东南大学出版社(第二版),2002,115-191
[23] Thanh C. Nguyen Sherman Chan Ron Bailey Thanh Nguyen . Auto-check circuit breaker interrupting capabilities.IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2002,15(1):72-76
[24]郑正泉,姚贵喜.热能与动力工程测试技术.武汉:华中科技大学出版社.2001,194-243
[25]滕召胜.智能检测系统与数据融合.北京:机械工业出版社.2000,212-222
[26]曹琳琳,曹巧媛.单片机原理及接口技术.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2000,27-156
[27]杨振江.流行单片机实用子程序及应用实例.西安:西安电子科技大学出版,2002,182-270
[28] Xi Jiantao, Chicharo Joe F. A New Algorithm for Improving the Accuracy of Periodic Signal Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1996,45(4):827-831
[29] Sam F .Farag. Intelligent Microprocessor Based Devices Provide Advaced Motor Protection,Flexible Control,and Communication in PaPer Mills IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001, 33( 3):57-60
[30]欧阳森,王克星.智能化脱扣器设计.低压电器,2002,(1):12-15
[31]王仁祥.常用低压电器原理及其控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2001,202-214
[32]梁志国.数据采集系统误差限的测量不确定度.计量技术,2002,(9):45-48
[33]JJG313-1994:《测量用电流互感器检定规程》
[34]王平洋.电力系统自动化与智能技术.电力系统自动化,1998,22(1):6-11
[35] P.H.G.Allen,O.Szpiro Thermal Analysis of Motor Winding Electric Machives And Electromechanics 2004,6(7): 47-52
[36]张孝令,刘福升.贝叶斯动态模型及其预测.济南:山东科学技术出版社,1992,41-73
[37]连理枝.低压断路器及其应用.北京:中国电力出版社.2002,76-81
[38]王耀南.智能控制系统.长沙:湖南大学出版社(第二版),2006,22-472
[39]张义辉,尹项根.基于傅氏滤波测频算法的研究改进.电网技术,1998,22(3):65-67
[40]苏涛,蔺丽华,卢光跃等.DSP应用技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,191-263
[41]林国庆,张冠生,林辛.一种提高智能断路器电流测量精度的方法.福州大学学报,1998,(1):56-59
[42]淡淑恒,王季梅.采用电流变化率判断判短路电流的新型限流熔断器.低压电器,1998,(2):10-14
[43]张国忠,赵家贵.检测技术.北京:中国计量出版社,1998,58-81
[44]陈德桂.低压电器最新技术发展动态.低压电器,2005,(1):29-30
[45]贾继钧.电器测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994,421-466
[46] Kolcn,Paul.T.Self-calibration/compensation techniquefor microcontroller-based sensor arrays.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1994,43(4):620-623
[47]房小翠.单片机实用系统设计技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1999,273-305
[48]刘广明,陈明.新型传感器技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995,162-193
[49]陈德桂.面向21世纪的低压电器新技术.低压电器,2001,(1):3-8
[50]谢少锋,陈晓怀.测量系统不确定度分析及其动态性研究.计量学报,2002,33(3):21-24
[51]王耀南.智能信息处理技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2003,61-92
[52]Hart.D.etal.TappingProtectingRelayforPowerInformation.IEEEComputerApplicationsinPower,Jan,Quality,2000,33(1):45-49
[53]胡正业.智能化断路器真正有效值电流的检测.低压电器,2000,(4):50-51
[54]陈德桂,耿英三.开关电器的智能操作.电工技术杂志,2001,(4):24-25
[55]贾继钧.电器测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994,421-466
[56]房小翠.单片微型计算机与机电接口技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,198
[57]陆俭国,王景芹.低压保护电器可靠性理论及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2001,202-214
[2]王汝文,宋政湘,扬伟.电器智能化原理及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,3-122
[3]KlausKosack著,胡明忠,胡沫非译.SIEMENS低压开关电器和开关设备手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1999,397-405
[4]叶德培.测量不确定度.北京:国防工业出版社,1996,14-17
[5]钱绍圣.测量不确定度实验数据的处理与表示.北京:清华大学出版社,2002,8-11
[6]中华人民共和国国家计量技术规范:JJF10059-1999测量不确定度与表示,1999,15-24
[7]曹金根,金佩琪.低压电器与低压开关柜.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001,233-284
[8]费业泰,卢荣胜.动态测量误差修正原理与技术.北京:中国计量出版社,2001,58-84
[9]邹积岩.智能电器.北京:机械工业出版社,2006,57-82
[10]林辛,封承芳.新一代塑壳式断路器的智能脱扣装置研究.电工电能新技术,1997,18(3):54-57
[11]夏天伟、任继斌、李海波.智能脱扣器的研究.电工技术杂志,2001,(1):21-22
[12]孙传友,孙晓斌,汉泽西等.测控系统原理与设计.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2002,16-26
[13]陈培国.新一代DW450-1600智能型万能式断路器.低压电器,2005,(1):6-7
[14] Hart.D.etal.Tapping Protecting Relay for Power Information.IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Jan, Quality, 2000,33(1):45-49
[15]房小翠.单片机实用系统设计技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1999,273-305
[16]章永孚,程玉彪.ST智能型脱扣器的可靠性措施.低压电器,1998,(3):2-4
[17]丁振良.误差理论与数据处理.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002,22-42
[18] Ljubomir Kojovic. Rogowski coins suit relay protection and measurement. IEEE Computer Application in Power, 1997, (7): 47-52
[19]日本电气学会大电流能量应用技术调查专门委员会著,陈国呈译.大电流能量技术与应用.北京:科学出版社,2004,152-164
[20]邱关源.现代电路理论.北京:高等教育出版社,2001,132-139
[21]李桂成.计算方法.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,166-167
[22]孙志忠,袁慰平,闻震初.数值分析.南京:东南大学出版社(第二版),2002,115-191
[23] Thanh C. Nguyen Sherman Chan Ron Bailey Thanh Nguyen . Auto-check circuit breaker interrupting capabilities.IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2002,15(1):72-76
[24]郑正泉,姚贵喜.热能与动力工程测试技术.武汉:华中科技大学出版社.2001,194-243
[25]滕召胜.智能检测系统与数据融合.北京:机械工业出版社.2000,212-222
[26]曹琳琳,曹巧媛.单片机原理及接口技术.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2000,27-156
[27]杨振江.流行单片机实用子程序及应用实例.西安:西安电子科技大学出版,2002,182-270
[28] Xi Jiantao, Chicharo Joe F. A New Algorithm for Improving the Accuracy of Periodic Signal Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1996,45(4):827-831
[29] Sam F .Farag. Intelligent Microprocessor Based Devices Provide Advaced Motor Protection,Flexible Control,and Communication in PaPer Mills IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001, 33( 3):57-60
[30]欧阳森,王克星.智能化脱扣器设计.低压电器,2002,(1):12-15
[31]王仁祥.常用低压电器原理及其控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2001,202-214
[32]梁志国.数据采集系统误差限的测量不确定度.计量技术,2002,(9):45-48
[33]JJG313-1994:《测量用电流互感器检定规程》
[34]王平洋.电力系统自动化与智能技术.电力系统自动化,1998,22(1):6-11
[35] P.H.G.Allen,O.Szpiro Thermal Analysis of Motor Winding Electric Machives And Electromechanics 2004,6(7): 47-52
[36]张孝令,刘福升.贝叶斯动态模型及其预测.济南:山东科学技术出版社,1992,41-73
[37]连理枝.低压断路器及其应用.北京:中国电力出版社.2002,76-81
[38]王耀南.智能控制系统.长沙:湖南大学出版社(第二版),2006,22-472
[39]张义辉,尹项根.基于傅氏滤波测频算法的研究改进.电网技术,1998,22(3):65-67
[40]苏涛,蔺丽华,卢光跃等.DSP应用技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,191-263
[41]林国庆,张冠生,林辛.一种提高智能断路器电流测量精度的方法.福州大学学报,1998,(1):56-59
[42]淡淑恒,王季梅.采用电流变化率判断判短路电流的新型限流熔断器.低压电器,1998,(2):10-14
[43]张国忠,赵家贵.检测技术.北京:中国计量出版社,1998,58-81
[44]陈德桂.低压电器最新技术发展动态.低压电器,2005,(1):29-30
[45]贾继钧.电器测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994,421-466
[46] Kolcn,Paul.T.Self-calibration/compensation techniquefor microcontroller-based sensor arrays.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1994,43(4):620-623
[47]房小翠.单片机实用系统设计技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1999,273-305
[48]刘广明,陈明.新型传感器技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995,162-193
[49]陈德桂.面向21世纪的低压电器新技术.低压电器,2001,(1):3-8
[50]谢少锋,陈晓怀.测量系统不确定度分析及其动态性研究.计量学报,2002,33(3):21-24
[51]王耀南.智能信息处理技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2003,61-92
[52]Hart.D.etal.TappingProtectingRelayforPowerInformation.IEEEComputerApplicationsinPower,Jan,Quality,2000,33(1):45-49
[53]胡正业.智能化断路器真正有效值电流的检测.低压电器,2000,(4):50-51
[54]陈德桂,耿英三.开关电器的智能操作.电工技术杂志,2001,(4):24-25
[55]贾继钧.电器测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994,421-466
[56]房小翠.单片微型计算机与机电接口技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,198
[57]陆俭国,王景芹.低压保护电器可靠性理论及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2001,202-214