车载超低容量喷雾机及其目标靶图像识别的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
目前我国农林业病虫害形势严峻,而防治效率很低,主要是由于我国的植保机械落后和试药技术低下造成的。为了适应农林业的发展要求,本文在参阅了国内外喷雾机先进技术的基础上,将电子,信息和自动化控制等技术和低容量喷雾、离心雾化、风送远射程喷雾技术引入到喷雾机,研制了风送式超低容量喷雾机。
     本文首先对超低容量喷雾机的关键系统一风路系统的喷口作了设计,针对对五种喷口形状做了风速和距离的关系试验,然后选取合理的喷口形状,并根据最小二乘法拟合了公式,并且从理论上验证了所拟合的公式的正确性,这对以后喷筒的设计提供了基本的理论依据。
     其次设计了液位的自动检测系统和光声报警装置,由于喷雾机的药箱都是内置的,其剩余药液的多少我们很难很快知道,引入了液位的自动检测和显示模块后就可以方便的知道实时液位情况,并且在药液很少时它可以报警提醒试药人员,这样不但提高了超低容量喷雾机的自动化程度,而且还减轻了试药人员的劳动强度,提高了工作效率。
     第三,深入探讨了数字图像处理的理论,对图像的多种预处理方法和多种边缘检测分割方法作了对比研究。在将原始彩色图像转变为灰度图像后,进行了直方图均衡化处理和滤波处理,增强图像的对比度。在预处理后,采用自动阈值分割法分割出了目标靶的轮廓,并且提取出目标靶的关键参数,如形心坐标,面积等。
     最后在对图像分割结果的基础之上,然后根据图像形心在图像中的位置关系将图像进行分类,并根据喷嘴的喷雾参数和摄像机的几个关键参数,对各个喷嘴分别进行控制,包括控制每个喷嘴的开闭与否以及控制喷嘴的步进摆动等。
Presently the infestation of the forest and agriculture plant diseases and insects inChina causes severe problems, while the efficiency of treatment is very low, Becausethe plant-protection equipments are poor, and the spray technology of our country islag. In order to meet the developing requirement of the forest and agriculture, thispaper brought electronics, information and automation technology andultra-low-volume spraying, centrifugal spraying, air-assisted spraying technologyinto sprayers, and finally manufactured air-assisted ultra-volume sprayer.
     First, we designed the spout's structure of air-pipe system which was theultra-volume sprayer's crucial system, and we made experiments on five differentspouts about the relation between the wind velocity and the spraying distance, thenselected the reasonable structure, and finally fit a formulary based on the least squaremethod.
     Second, we designed the liquid-level measure device and the light-sound alarmannunciator, because the tank of the sprayer usually was placed inside the cover, sowe cannot know the real-time liquid-lever. After designing the liquid-level automeasure device, the light-sound alarm annunciator and displaying module, we canknow conveniently the real-time liquid-level of the tank. and what's more, when theliquid medicine is under the threshod which is set first, it can give an alarm.
     Third, after studying the theory of the digital image processing, we contrastedseveral preprocessing methods, several edge detection and segmentation methods.the first step, changing the original color image to gray image, processing the grayimage by histogram equalization and filter operation to enhance the image's contrast.The second step, after preprocessing, the profile of the target image was segmentedout using auto threshoding segmentation method, the last step, figureing out the keyparameters, eg: area, centroid.
     Finally, based on the results of the image processing, the images wereclassified, and each nozzle was controlled by the single chip.
引文
[1] 曾爱军.减少农药雾滴漂移的技术研究[D].中国农业大学博士学位论文.2005
    [2] http://www.chinaagri.cn/channel/list.asp?id=47799
    [3] 何雄奎.植保机械与施药技术[J].植保机械与清洗机械动态.2002.4
    [4] http://ipkc.njau.edu.cn/Agrimachine/dbz.asp
    [5] 王荣编著.植保机械学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990.9.
    [6] 朱成璞编著.卫生杀虫药械应用指南[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1988.10
    [7] 戴奋奋.简论我国施药技术的发展趋势[J].植物保护.2004,4:5.
    [8] 中国植物保护学会等编 面向21世纪的植物保护发展战略 北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001
    [9] 戴奋奋,袁会珠 植保机械与施药技术规范化 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002
    [10] http://www.spraytec.com/
    [11] 赵明宇,王英姿,邱立春等.我国植保机械的使用现状及发展趋势[J].中国农机化,2004.3:37~38.
    [12] 杨学军,严荷荣,徐赛章等.植保机械的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业机械学报,2002.11.
    [13] Bell Thomas. Automatic tractor guidance using carrier-phase differential GPS. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2000. Vol. 25: 63~66.
    [14] L. Yian, J. F. Reid, J. W. Hummel. DEVELOPMENT OF A PRECISION SPRAYER FORSITE-SPECIFIC WEED MANAGEMENT. Transaetions of the ASAE. Vol. 42(4), 893-900.
    [15] L. F. Bouse, EFFECT OF NOZZLE TYPE AND OPERATION ON SPRAY DROPLET SIZE. Transaction of the ASAE. VOL. 37 (5),1389~1400
    [16] 张沂泉 泵与风机[M] 北京:中国林业出版社,1998.
    [17] 中国电子学会敏感技术分会,北京电子学会编,2002/2003传感器与执行器大全(年卷)—传感器·变送器·执行器,北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1.
    [18] 路艳斌,刘金波.电容传感器在液位测量中的应用.自动化博览,2005.(2)
    [19] 李玉梅.基于MCS—51系列单片机原理的应用设计 北京:国防工业出版社,2006.5 161~162.
    [20] 房小翠等编著.单片微型计算机与机电接口技术 北京:国防工业出版社,2002.3 141~144
    [21] 张仕斌主编.单片机原理及应用,北京:高等教育出版社,2003.7.216~217。
    [22] 沙占友,孟志永,王彦明等著,单片机外围电路设计—2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.6.
    [23] 姚敏等编著,数字图象处理,北京:机械工业出版社,2006.15~6.
    [24] 飞思科技产品研发中心编著,MATLAB7基础与提高,北京:电子工业出版社,2005.4,
    [25] 胡学龙,许开宇编著.数字图象处理,北京:电子工业出版社,2006.9
    [26] Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle image processing, analyses, and machine vision(美),北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.1
    [27] (美)冈萨雷斯(GONZALEZ,R.C),等著,阮秋琦等译,数字图象处理(MATLAB版)北京:电子工业出版社,2005.9
    [28] (美)Bose,T,吴镇扬,周琳等译,数字信号与图象处理,北京:高等教育出版社,2006.7,553~581
    [29] 章毓晋.图像工程(上册)—图像分析与处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
    [30] YAO L. Tian. Noguchi Hyperspectral imaging System Optimization and Image Processing 2001 ASAE Annual International Meeting
    [31] Tang, L., L. F., Tian, B. L., Steward and J. F., Reid. Supervised Color image segmentation by genetic algorithm for real-time weed sensing in outdoor lighting conditions. In revoew. 1999.
    [32] Orison JE, Jr Chichester FW. Still video Image analysis of crop residue oil covers. Transof the ASAE. 1991. 34(6): 2469~2474
    [33] 张兆礼,赵春晖,梅晓丹著,现代图像处理技术及Matlab实现北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.11
    [34] Guyer D. E., G. E. Miles, M. M. Schreiber, et al. Machine vision and image processing for plant identification. Trans of the ASAE, 1986, 29(6): 1500~1507
    [35] Slaughter D. D., Chen P., Curley R. G. Vision Guided Precision Cultivation. Precision Agriculture, 1999. 1, 199~216
    [36] (美)桑肯(Sonka,M.)等编著 图像处理分析与机器视觉 影印版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.1.68~88.
    [37] (法)麦特尔等著 孙洪译,现代数字图像处理北京:电子工业出版社,2006.7 189~199
    [38] 阮秋琦编著,数字图象处理学,北京:电子工业出版社,2001.1 199~210
    [39] 向海涛,郑加强,周宏平 基于机器视觉的树木图像实时采集与识别系统.林业科学,2004.5
    [40] 沙占友编著.集成传感器应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2005 147~150
    [41] 孙宝元,杨宝清主编.传感器及其应用手册 北京:机械工业出版社,2004.5 275
    [42] 王晓明编著 电动机的单片机控制 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.5 181~183
    [43] 刘宝廷,程树康.步进电动机及其驱动控制系统.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1997.
    [44] 曹天汉著.单片原理与接口技术(第2版)北京:电子工业出版社,2006.8.
    [45] 何立民 MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990.
    [46] 姚国强主编,机电设备的单片机控制技术.北京:北京希望电子出版社,2006.1.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700