电力系统动态负荷建模及其有效性验证的研究
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摘要
本文研究了总体测辨法的三个主要方面：负荷时变性、负荷动态机理、模型有效性验证中存在的关键问题，该研究对负荷模型的实用化有重要意义。论文的主要研究工作如下：
由于负荷特性的时变性，对于不同的实测数据可以建立阶次不同，参数不同的负荷模型，这导致模型参数选择使用的困难，因此本文提出了负荷建模的两层思想：一是对于不同的实测数据，尽可能找到同一的模型结构来描述，而不过分追求模型对单组实测数据的拟合效果；二是对于具有相同模型结构的负荷特性，统计其特征参数的分布来把握负荷特性的变化规律。
过去采用相同阶次的线性离散模型难以描述不同的无功负荷特性，为此本文研究了影响线性离散模型阶次稳定性的因素，首次提出解决无功负荷模型阶次不稳定的办法。在此基础上，本文首次研究了采用同一模型结构描述不同负荷实测数据的可能性，比较了一阶和二阶差分方程模型对不同实测数据的平均拟合度，研究结果表明一阶差分方程可以较好地描述负荷实测有功和无功特性。
由于离散模型参数意义不够直观，且随采样周期变化，不适合作为负荷特性的特征向量，故此本文提出采用模型的典型响应特征作为负荷特性的特征向量。在此基础上，采用统计的方法对特征向量中各参数的分布规律进行分析，研究结果对负荷模型实用化中参数选择的合理性具有重要的意义。
同一负荷点存在不同的负荷特性，模型使用时通常采用具有代表性的负荷模型，为此本文首次研究了求取给定负荷点处一般负荷特性的两种方法，并比较了采用两种方法得到的一般负荷特性对不同实测数据的描述能力。
动态负荷模型是否对仿真有效，需要通过需要通过现场实测数据的验证，故本文采用广东电网的两个实际算例对非机理负荷动态模型的有效性进行了研究，研究结果表明广东地区负荷动态模型对粤西送出截面稳定极限计算和水贝变电站故障电流仿真有效，前者经验静态模型和实测动态模型的各机电暂态仿真结果比较接近，后者动态模型比静态模型的仿真电流更接近实际录波值。研究结果还表明了不同参数的动态模型对两个算例的计算结果均有较大影响，采用动态模型可以提高计算的精度。
电力系统仿真程序中多支持感应电动机动态负荷模型(IM_DLM)，但由于现有IM_DLM不符合综合负荷动态机理，所以不实用。建立符合综合负荷动态机理的负荷模型不但有助于对综合负荷动特性机理研究的深入，而且具有重要的现实意
华北电力大学博士学位论文 摘要
义，本文提出一个符合综合负荷动态机理的感应电动机动态负荷模型
（LSVC IM DLM），该模型是在现有感应电动机负荷模型（M DLM）基础上引
入一个“无功静态补偿（LSVC）”项。首次采用不同类型负荷实测数据对模型结
构的合理性进行验证，所以具有重要实用价值。
新的机理式负荷模型是否对仿真有效需要通过验证。为此，本文首次采用广
东电网的两个实际算例研究了LSVC＿IM＿DLM的有效性，研究结果表明LSVC＿IMDLM
与非机理动态模型的计算结果十分相近，从而验证了LSVC二M．DLM对电力系统仿
真的有效性。
This paper studies some important problems in three major respects of Measurement-Based
Load Identification Method: Time dependence characteristic of load, mechanism of synthetic
dynamics and model validation. This gives significant contribution to the application of the load
models. The main points of the research work of this thesis are as follow:
Becauce of load time dependence characteristic, different models, whch have different order
and parameters, can be built for different set of field data, this results in is a difficulty in choose
parameters. So a two-step concept in load modeling is proposed as follow: The first step is to
identify the most likely model structure to describe different sets of measured data, instead of
pursuing a perfect fitting result from one set of data. The second step is to analyze the distribution of
parameters of load model, which share the same model structure, by statistical method.
It was difficult to describe different reactive load characteristics by linear discrete models of
same order in the past. Therefore the elements that might affect the structure stability of the linear
discrete model is studied. An effective solution to order instability of the reactive load model is
proposed for the first time. Base on the above research, the author studied the possibility of utilizing
the same model structure to describe different set of field data. The average fitting level against
different measured data between the 1 order and 2 order difference equation models has been
compared. The study reveals that 1 order equation can describes load characteristics well, both on
real power and reactive power.
The parameters of difference load model are not suitable to be considered as
character vector because meanings of them is not intuitionistic. and varys along with the
sample cycle, therefore this thesis presents the methodology for representing load
characteristics with character vector. The character vector is composed of three characteristics of
load step response. With statistical theory and methodology, the probability distribution functions of
load characteristics parameters are analyzed. The analysis of the parameter probability distribution is
significant for selecting reasonable parameters to utilize the load model
As for the same load spot, there are many different load characteristics; it is usually to use the
most typical load characteristic in practice, so the author study two methods to identified the general
load characteristics for the samne load spot. The description ability to different data using general
load characteristic , which is obtained by two methods, are compared.
Based on two real examples from Guangdong Power Grid, the author studied the validation of
the non-mechanism load dynamic model. The result shows that the Guangdong power load dynamic
model is affective to both stability limit calculation of the power across exporting from Yuexi and
simulation of faults in Shuibei substation. The former came to a very close result between
experienced static model and the dynamic model from field data. For the later, the dynamic model is
closer to actual recorded wave than static model. The study confirmed that different parameters for
dynamic models would great impact on the calculation result and dynamic model would greatly
increase calculation accuracy.
The induction motor dynamic load model (TM DLM)is supported by most power system
simuation program, but the model structure of current TM_DLM is not suitable to describe synthetic
load, therefore it is
由于负荷特性的时变性，对于不同的实测数据可以建立阶次不同，参数不同的负荷模型，这导致模型参数选择使用的困难，因此本文提出了负荷建模的两层思想：一是对于不同的实测数据，尽可能找到同一的模型结构来描述，而不过分追求模型对单组实测数据的拟合效果；二是对于具有相同模型结构的负荷特性，统计其特征参数的分布来把握负荷特性的变化规律。
过去采用相同阶次的线性离散模型难以描述不同的无功负荷特性，为此本文研究了影响线性离散模型阶次稳定性的因素，首次提出解决无功负荷模型阶次不稳定的办法。在此基础上，本文首次研究了采用同一模型结构描述不同负荷实测数据的可能性，比较了一阶和二阶差分方程模型对不同实测数据的平均拟合度，研究结果表明一阶差分方程可以较好地描述负荷实测有功和无功特性。
由于离散模型参数意义不够直观，且随采样周期变化，不适合作为负荷特性的特征向量，故此本文提出采用模型的典型响应特征作为负荷特性的特征向量。在此基础上，采用统计的方法对特征向量中各参数的分布规律进行分析，研究结果对负荷模型实用化中参数选择的合理性具有重要的意义。
同一负荷点存在不同的负荷特性，模型使用时通常采用具有代表性的负荷模型，为此本文首次研究了求取给定负荷点处一般负荷特性的两种方法，并比较了采用两种方法得到的一般负荷特性对不同实测数据的描述能力。
动态负荷模型是否对仿真有效，需要通过需要通过现场实测数据的验证，故本文采用广东电网的两个实际算例对非机理负荷动态模型的有效性进行了研究，研究结果表明广东地区负荷动态模型对粤西送出截面稳定极限计算和水贝变电站故障电流仿真有效，前者经验静态模型和实测动态模型的各机电暂态仿真结果比较接近，后者动态模型比静态模型的仿真电流更接近实际录波值。研究结果还表明了不同参数的动态模型对两个算例的计算结果均有较大影响，采用动态模型可以提高计算的精度。
电力系统仿真程序中多支持感应电动机动态负荷模型(IM_DLM)，但由于现有IM_DLM不符合综合负荷动态机理，所以不实用。建立符合综合负荷动态机理的负荷模型不但有助于对综合负荷动特性机理研究的深入，而且具有重要的现实意
华北电力大学博士学位论文 摘要
义，本文提出一个符合综合负荷动态机理的感应电动机动态负荷模型
（LSVC IM DLM），该模型是在现有感应电动机负荷模型（M DLM）基础上引
入一个“无功静态补偿（LSVC）”项。首次采用不同类型负荷实测数据对模型结
构的合理性进行验证，所以具有重要实用价值。
新的机理式负荷模型是否对仿真有效需要通过验证。为此，本文首次采用广
东电网的两个实际算例研究了LSVC＿IM＿DLM的有效性，研究结果表明LSVC＿IMDLM
与非机理动态模型的计算结果十分相近，从而验证了LSVC二M．DLM对电力系统仿
真的有效性。
This paper studies some important problems in three major respects of Measurement-Based
Load Identification Method: Time dependence characteristic of load, mechanism of synthetic
dynamics and model validation. This gives significant contribution to the application of the load
models. The main points of the research work of this thesis are as follow:
Becauce of load time dependence characteristic, different models, whch have different order
and parameters, can be built for different set of field data, this results in is a difficulty in choose
parameters. So a two-step concept in load modeling is proposed as follow: The first step is to
identify the most likely model structure to describe different sets of measured data, instead of
pursuing a perfect fitting result from one set of data. The second step is to analyze the distribution of
parameters of load model, which share the same model structure, by statistical method.
It was difficult to describe different reactive load characteristics by linear discrete models of
same order in the past. Therefore the elements that might affect the structure stability of the linear
discrete model is studied. An effective solution to order instability of the reactive load model is
proposed for the first time. Base on the above research, the author studied the possibility of utilizing
the same model structure to describe different set of field data. The average fitting level against
different measured data between the 1 order and 2 order difference equation models has been
compared. The study reveals that 1 order equation can describes load characteristics well, both on
real power and reactive power.
The parameters of difference load model are not suitable to be considered as
character vector because meanings of them is not intuitionistic. and varys along with the
sample cycle, therefore this thesis presents the methodology for representing load
characteristics with character vector. The character vector is composed of three characteristics of
load step response. With statistical theory and methodology, the probability distribution functions of
load characteristics parameters are analyzed. The analysis of the parameter probability distribution is
significant for selecting reasonable parameters to utilize the load model
As for the same load spot, there are many different load characteristics; it is usually to use the
most typical load characteristic in practice, so the author study two methods to identified the general
load characteristics for the samne load spot. The description ability to different data using general
load characteristic , which is obtained by two methods, are compared.
Based on two real examples from Guangdong Power Grid, the author studied the validation of
the non-mechanism load dynamic model. The result shows that the Guangdong power load dynamic
model is affective to both stability limit calculation of the power across exporting from Yuexi and
simulation of faults in Shuibei substation. The former came to a very close result between
experienced static model and the dynamic model from field data. For the later, the dynamic model is
closer to actual recorded wave than static model. The study confirmed that different parameters for
dynamic models would great impact on the calculation result and dynamic model would greatly
increase calculation accuracy.
The induction motor dynamic load model (TM DLM)is supported by most power system
simuation program, but the model structure of current TM_DLM is not suitable to describe synthetic
load, therefore it is
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