基于组件树模型和双向迭代技术的暂态稳定仿真方法研究
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摘要
随着我国超大规模互联电网的逐步形成，在电力系统在线动态安全分析中采用超实时仿真技术的需求越来越迫切。本文提出一种新型快速的电力系统暂态稳定仿真方法——基于组件树模型和双向迭代技术的电力系统暂态稳定仿真方法。该方法的研究内容主要包括电力网络分区、仿真数学模型的结构化描述、变量修正量的计算技术、整体算法流程、提高计算效率的措施、并行实现方案等等。本文取得的主要成果如下：
应用实际电网的地理区域特性和“围线表”分区思想，提出了一套比较完整的网络划分方法来实现大规模实际电网的树形网络划分。提出一种组件化和结构化的描述方法来表示数值仿真中使用的电力系统模型。采用电力系统组件树来描述整个电力系统仿真对象，电力系统组件树考虑了电力网络的分区结果，体现出各种元件的分散性特点，简明宏观地描述了电力系统的组成结构。提出一种基于电力系统组件树的结构化描述方法来表示各种电力系统组件的数学模型，并介绍了其实现步骤。这种描述方法具有结构化、标准化的特点。
提出一种基于组件树模型的双向迭代技术，用于在基于隐式梯形法和牛顿法的联立求解算法中计算变量的修正量。每个电力系统组件变量的修正量都通过“前向简化”和“后向回代”来完成。介绍了基于组件树模型和双向迭代技术的暂稳仿真算法(双向迭代仿真算法)的实现流程，研究了该算法串行计算实施中的计算优化措施和并行仿真的实现方案构想。算例研究中，将该算法的计算结果与电力系统商业仿真软件BPA的计算结果进行比较，验证了该算法计算结果的准确性。
本文提出的电力系统暂态稳定仿真新方法，除保持了联立求解法不产生交割误差、迭代次数少的特点外，还具有计算效率高、扩展性强、适于并行计算的突出优势，为电力系统在线安全分析提供了强有力的新工具。
此外，本文还对低频振荡的分析和控制进行了一些研究。提出了母线处“振荡能量函数”的概念，进而提出了一种运用柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)装置抑制低频振荡的控制思想——“振荡能量下降法”。基于振荡能量下降法，本文采用模糊逻辑技术，提出了一种附加在FACTS上的自适应阻尼控制器。该阻尼控制器采用模糊逻辑单元来调节输出信号的幅度，具有比现有同类型控制器更好的阻尼控制效果。其设计过程不需要整体电力系统的结构和参数。以上工作为低频振荡的研究提供了新的分析工具和控制手段。
As the nation-wide power grid of China has been basically established, power system real-time simulation becomes a necessary tool for implementing on-line dynamic security analysis (DSA). A new fast simulation approach, component tree model and forward/backward iteration based power system transient stability simulation approach, was proposed in this paper. This research included power network partitioning, structured description of the simulation model, computation of correction factors, the overall procedure, measures to speedup the computation, and scheme of parallel implementation.
Based on the regional characteristics of realistic power grid and contour tableau partitioning, a systematic partitioning method was proposed to decompose large-scale power network into tree structure. A new concept, power system component tree, was proposed to describe the overall power system briefly. The power system component tree can reflect the result of power network partitioning and the distribution of power system components. A component tree based description approach was developed to represent the simulation model of the power system. The feature of this description approach is that the model of the components are normalized and structured.
A bi-directional iteration technique was proposed to calculate the correction factors of variables in the simultaneous solution of power system equations. The correction factors of variables were computed through a serial of operations called "forward reduction" and "backward evaluation". The algorithm of component tree model and forward/backward iteration based power system transient stability simulation was presented. Measures to speedup the computation and parallel implementation of the proposed approach were also investigated. In case studies, the simulation result obtained by the new approach is compared with that of BPA, a kind of power system commercial simulation software. The comparison validates the correctness of this new approach.
This new approach inherits some attractive features of the simultaneous solution method such as numerical stability and fast convergence; it also possesses advantages of high computation efficiency, good expansibility and ease of parallel implementation. It would be potentially useful in developing real-time tools for online DSA applications.
A novel concept called oscillation energy function of bus power was proposed in this paper. On this basis, a control strategy, named oscillation energy function descent
应用实际电网的地理区域特性和“围线表”分区思想，提出了一套比较完整的网络划分方法来实现大规模实际电网的树形网络划分。提出一种组件化和结构化的描述方法来表示数值仿真中使用的电力系统模型。采用电力系统组件树来描述整个电力系统仿真对象，电力系统组件树考虑了电力网络的分区结果，体现出各种元件的分散性特点，简明宏观地描述了电力系统的组成结构。提出一种基于电力系统组件树的结构化描述方法来表示各种电力系统组件的数学模型，并介绍了其实现步骤。这种描述方法具有结构化、标准化的特点。
提出一种基于组件树模型的双向迭代技术，用于在基于隐式梯形法和牛顿法的联立求解算法中计算变量的修正量。每个电力系统组件变量的修正量都通过“前向简化”和“后向回代”来完成。介绍了基于组件树模型和双向迭代技术的暂稳仿真算法(双向迭代仿真算法)的实现流程，研究了该算法串行计算实施中的计算优化措施和并行仿真的实现方案构想。算例研究中，将该算法的计算结果与电力系统商业仿真软件BPA的计算结果进行比较，验证了该算法计算结果的准确性。
本文提出的电力系统暂态稳定仿真新方法，除保持了联立求解法不产生交割误差、迭代次数少的特点外，还具有计算效率高、扩展性强、适于并行计算的突出优势，为电力系统在线安全分析提供了强有力的新工具。
此外，本文还对低频振荡的分析和控制进行了一些研究。提出了母线处“振荡能量函数”的概念，进而提出了一种运用柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)装置抑制低频振荡的控制思想——“振荡能量下降法”。基于振荡能量下降法，本文采用模糊逻辑技术，提出了一种附加在FACTS上的自适应阻尼控制器。该阻尼控制器采用模糊逻辑单元来调节输出信号的幅度，具有比现有同类型控制器更好的阻尼控制效果。其设计过程不需要整体电力系统的结构和参数。以上工作为低频振荡的研究提供了新的分析工具和控制手段。
As the nation-wide power grid of China has been basically established, power system real-time simulation becomes a necessary tool for implementing on-line dynamic security analysis (DSA). A new fast simulation approach, component tree model and forward/backward iteration based power system transient stability simulation approach, was proposed in this paper. This research included power network partitioning, structured description of the simulation model, computation of correction factors, the overall procedure, measures to speedup the computation, and scheme of parallel implementation.
Based on the regional characteristics of realistic power grid and contour tableau partitioning, a systematic partitioning method was proposed to decompose large-scale power network into tree structure. A new concept, power system component tree, was proposed to describe the overall power system briefly. The power system component tree can reflect the result of power network partitioning and the distribution of power system components. A component tree based description approach was developed to represent the simulation model of the power system. The feature of this description approach is that the model of the components are normalized and structured.
A bi-directional iteration technique was proposed to calculate the correction factors of variables in the simultaneous solution of power system equations. The correction factors of variables were computed through a serial of operations called "forward reduction" and "backward evaluation". The algorithm of component tree model and forward/backward iteration based power system transient stability simulation was presented. Measures to speedup the computation and parallel implementation of the proposed approach were also investigated. In case studies, the simulation result obtained by the new approach is compared with that of BPA, a kind of power system commercial simulation software. The comparison validates the correctness of this new approach.
This new approach inherits some attractive features of the simultaneous solution method such as numerical stability and fast convergence; it also possesses advantages of high computation efficiency, good expansibility and ease of parallel implementation. It would be potentially useful in developing real-time tools for online DSA applications.
A novel concept called oscillation energy function of bus power was proposed in this paper. On this basis, a control strategy, named oscillation energy function descent
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