电力机车故障诊断专家系统的研究
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摘要
论文详细介绍了故障诊断专家系统的概念,以及该系统运用到机车上进行故障诊断的意义,对于提高机车运行的安全性,降低由于人为产生的错误或者各种原因造成的失误产生重要的作用。
专家系统主要是一个智能的计算机程序系统,其内部含有大量的某个领域专家水平的知识和经验,能够利用人类专家的知识和解决问题的经验方法来处理该领域的高水平难题,以此来解决复杂系统的故障诊断问题。专家系统诊断利用了专家积累的丰富实践经验,能模仿专家分析问题和解决问题的思路。
本课题研究基于SS4改型的故障诊断专家系统,与大多数已经建立的专家系统相同,都是基于专家系统的总体思路,也是基于专家的知识,结合专家的经验给于指出机车故障原因。但不同的是,本专家系统是基于机车已检测信号来进行实时的故障诊断。首先将机车上的信号包括开关量,模拟量及其它能反应机车故障现象的信号取出,信号检测装置实时地检测所有信号,然后将信号送给专家系统检测程序。专家系统得到检测的程序后,开始诊断,当发现故障现象时,系统给出专家语言提示,司机可以根据提示的语言进行故障的排除和处理。
论文大概地论述了故障判断逻辑语句的编写,并给出故障诊断的部分重要子程序的设计框架,详细介绍系统以P87C591单片机为核心的车载硬件设计和以LabWindows/CVI为设计环境的地面故障诊断专家系统的软件设计。系统可以达到机车和地面都可以进行专家级故障诊断的要求。
This paper introduced the concept of malfunction diagnosis expert system in detail, and the meaning of using the diagnosis system to electric locomotive for raising the safety of the electric locomotive movement, lowering various artificial output mistakes made perhaps by people,this system produce an important function.
The expert system mainly is a computer programme system of intelligence, its inner part implies a great deal of certain expert knowledge and experience of the advanced level, and can make use of the knowledge of mankind's expert and the method of solving problem to handle the high level difficult problem, resolve the malfunction diagnosis problem of the complicated system with this.The expert diagnosis system made use of abundant fulfillment experience of experts, can simulate thinking way of experts to analyze and solve problems.
This paper research malfunction diagnosis expert system based on SS4 electric locomotive .To the same with others, it according to the thinking way of expert system, the expert's knowledge, combine the expert's experience to point out malfunction reasons of SS4.But the difference is that, this expert system can carry on real time malfunction based on the electric locomotive signals which has already been collected. First, it collects the signals, including imitating signals, number signals and other various signals.Then, expert system receive these signals, and begin to diagnose.When finding malfunction phenomenon , system will give the clue on expert language. Motorman can solve the problem according to it.
The thesis discussed how to write malfunction diagnosis logic sentence, and gave the part important sub- programme design frame about malfunction diagnosis. Introduced train carrying hardware design with the P87C591 single chip computer for core and ground malfunction diagnosis expert system software design with LabWindows/CVI as design environment. System can attain to the request that malfunction diagnosis can carry on both on train and ground.
专家系统主要是一个智能的计算机程序系统,其内部含有大量的某个领域专家水平的知识和经验,能够利用人类专家的知识和解决问题的经验方法来处理该领域的高水平难题,以此来解决复杂系统的故障诊断问题。专家系统诊断利用了专家积累的丰富实践经验,能模仿专家分析问题和解决问题的思路。
本课题研究基于SS4改型的故障诊断专家系统,与大多数已经建立的专家系统相同,都是基于专家系统的总体思路,也是基于专家的知识,结合专家的经验给于指出机车故障原因。但不同的是,本专家系统是基于机车已检测信号来进行实时的故障诊断。首先将机车上的信号包括开关量,模拟量及其它能反应机车故障现象的信号取出,信号检测装置实时地检测所有信号,然后将信号送给专家系统检测程序。专家系统得到检测的程序后,开始诊断,当发现故障现象时,系统给出专家语言提示,司机可以根据提示的语言进行故障的排除和处理。
论文大概地论述了故障判断逻辑语句的编写,并给出故障诊断的部分重要子程序的设计框架,详细介绍系统以P87C591单片机为核心的车载硬件设计和以LabWindows/CVI为设计环境的地面故障诊断专家系统的软件设计。系统可以达到机车和地面都可以进行专家级故障诊断的要求。
This paper introduced the concept of malfunction diagnosis expert system in detail, and the meaning of using the diagnosis system to electric locomotive for raising the safety of the electric locomotive movement, lowering various artificial output mistakes made perhaps by people,this system produce an important function.
The expert system mainly is a computer programme system of intelligence, its inner part implies a great deal of certain expert knowledge and experience of the advanced level, and can make use of the knowledge of mankind's expert and the method of solving problem to handle the high level difficult problem, resolve the malfunction diagnosis problem of the complicated system with this.The expert diagnosis system made use of abundant fulfillment experience of experts, can simulate thinking way of experts to analyze and solve problems.
This paper research malfunction diagnosis expert system based on SS4 electric locomotive .To the same with others, it according to the thinking way of expert system, the expert's knowledge, combine the expert's experience to point out malfunction reasons of SS4.But the difference is that, this expert system can carry on real time malfunction based on the electric locomotive signals which has already been collected. First, it collects the signals, including imitating signals, number signals and other various signals.Then, expert system receive these signals, and begin to diagnose.When finding malfunction phenomenon , system will give the clue on expert language. Motorman can solve the problem according to it.
The thesis discussed how to write malfunction diagnosis logic sentence, and gave the part important sub- programme design frame about malfunction diagnosis. Introduced train carrying hardware design with the P87C591 single chip computer for core and ground malfunction diagnosis expert system software design with LabWindows/CVI as design environment. System can attain to the request that malfunction diagnosis can carry on both on train and ground.
引文
[1]郭世明.微机检测与故障诊断技术.西南交通大学出版社,2007
[2]刘友梅.韶山4B型电力机车.中国铁道出版社,1999
[3]张有松,朱龙驹.韶山4型电力机车.中国铁道出版社,2001
[4]李朝青.单片机原理及接口技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999
[5]杨志刚,LKJ2000型列车运行监控记录装置.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[6]蒋兆远,列车安全监控专家系统研究.铁道学报,2000年第4期。
[7]王幸之,王雷,翟成,王闪.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[8]柯南.非常电路图设计Prote199之Schematic.中国铁道出版社,2000
[9]赵晓安等.MCS-51单片机原理及应用.天津大学出版社,2000
[10]赵远航.郑志辉.MCS-51单片机C语言应用程序开发技术及实例.航空工业出版社,1996
[11]周航慈.单片机应用程序设计技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,1992.8
[12]高锋.单片微型计算机原理与接口技术.科学出版社,2003
[13]蒋兆远.车载微机数抓采集系统设计.内燃机车,1996年第2期
[14]何立民.MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计.北京航空航天人学出版社,2001
[15]何立民.单片机高级教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[16]Keil C51语言使用技巧及实践.广州周立功单片机有限公司
[17]Keil C51语言编译、调试软件使用指南.广州周立功单片机有限公司
[18]吴今培,肖健华.智能故障诊断与专家系统.科学出版社.1997
[19]王永庆.人工智能原理方法与应用.西安交通大学出版社.1985
[20]饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇芸.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[21]邬宽明.CAN总线原理与应用系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1996
[22]李科亮,郭世明,翟瑾,苏玉香.SS4改型电力机车运行状态数据采集与回放系统.铁道机车车辆.2007年10月增刊
[23]李华.MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[24]马忠梅,籍顺心,张凯,马岩,单片机的C语言应用程序设计.北京航空 航天大学出版社,1998
[25]范成荣.数字逻辑诊断与可靠性设计.国防科技大学,1986
[26]虞和济.故障诊断的基本原理.北京:冶金工业出版社,1989
[27]布鲁尔.数字系统的诊断和可靠性设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1983.
[28]马皓,徐德鸿.电力电子装置在线检测与故障诊断系统.电测与仪表,1999(4)
[29]田宏萍,张家栋.机车电器电路故障诊断系统的研究.北方交通大学学报,2000(4)
[30]黄宗文,程广振,刘钢华.设备状态检测故障诊断技术的应用.煤炭科学技术,1997(4)
[31]孙少辰,吴海明.逻辑电路故障诊断的专家系统.河北工业大学学报,1999(1)
[32]PHILIPS Semiconductors Co二DATA HANDBOOK 80C51-based 8-bit Microcontrollers,1994.
[33]PHILIPS Semiconductors Co二DATA HANDBOOK 80C51-based 8-bit Microcontrollers,1995.
[34]Philips Semiconductors.P8Xc591 Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller,2000.7.
[35]DONG YODER.Memory Expansion for the 8096.EC0 APPLICATION ENGINEER.1989,4.
[36]SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller.Philips Semiconductors,2000.
[37]PCA82C250 CAN controller Interface.Philips Semiconductors,2000.
[38]Max.Khazam,Predicting Test Accuracy for In-Circuits Testing,Int.Test Conf.,1983.574577.
[39]A.S.Fredorick,In-Circuit Testing--Another Approach,Int.Test Conf.,1979,5356.
[40]L.Torence,In-Circuit Analog Component Testing at High Frequency,Int.Test Conf.,1984.455459.
[41]L.F.Robert,In-Circuit Impedance Measurement Using Current Sensing,IEEE Trans.on Strumentation and Measurement,Vol.IM-34,No.1,March 1985,6-14.
[42]K.A.Luber,Inherent Implementation Problems of ATLAS Statement Interpreted System.IEEE Autotestcon,1982,324328.
[43]D.Gleason,Analysis of BIT Accuracy,Proc.Annual R&M Symp.1982,370372.
[44]余祖俊、史红梅、许西宁等.机车随车质量状态诊断记录装置.中国仪器仪表,2001(3)
[45]周桂法、陈特放、崔晓庆.机车在线故障诊断专家系统的研究.长沙铁道学院学报,2002(3)
[46]巴桂香、赢勇.关于机车设备检测系统的研究.铁道机车车辆,2000(4)
[47]王悦民、潜伟建.故障诊断技术方法综述及展望.海军工程学院学报,1996(4)
[48]张静、李继生、陈云忠.组合逻辑电路故障诊断研究.沈阳工业学院学报,1997(9)
[49]程慧霞等.用C++建造专家系统.电子工业出版社.1996
[50]徐彤,雷英杰.一种基于知识规则推理的C++实现方法.空军工报.1009-3516(2002)06-0075-04
[51]王川,马建红一种基于数据库的专家系统设计方法.河南机电高等专科学校学报.1008-2093(2004)06-0027-02
[52]刘佩琦,吴增智.扩展产生式规则的网络故障诊断专家系统.西安交通大学学报.0253-987X(2004)08-0783-04
[53]杨机智,张嘉泰.用C++和Access数据库实现专家系统外壳.应用科技.1009-671X(2004)08-0030-02
[54]Sharkey A J C,Sharkcy N E,Chandroth G O.Diverse neural net solutions to a fault diagnosis problem.Neural Computing&Applications,1996(4):218-227页
[55]Brennan THamilton,YiLu.Diagnosis of automobilefailures using fuzzy logic.In:The Eighth International Conference on ndustrial and Engineering Aplications of At-tificial Intelligence and Expert Systems,Melbourne,Australia,1995
[56]Feret M P.Glasgow J I.Hybrid case-based reasoning for the diagnosis of complex devices.In:Proceedings of AAAI-93, Washington, D C, July 1993: 168-175P
[57] Chao CT. Simplification of fuuzy-neural systems using similarity analysis. IEEE Transaction 011 systems man, and cybemet(?)s-part B: cybemetcs, 1996
[58] A Knowledge-Based Approach to the Design of Protection Systems. EI-Arroudi K, McGillis D T, Joos G, In:ISAP' 99. Rio de Janeiro(Brazil):1999
[59] An Explanation Mechanism for a Real Time Expert System: A Client-Server Approach. Malheiro N, Vale ZA, Ramos C, et, In:ISAP'99. Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): 1999
[60] Conceptual Design of Distributed Rule Based Expert System for Distribution Automation. Tsai MS, ln:ISAP' 99. Riode Jane i ro (Braz i l):1999
[61] A Software Support Tool for the Restoration of Emil Power System. Casamatta F, Stefano A D, Gallantki M, et al. Serse, In:ISAP' 99. Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): 1999
[2]刘友梅.韶山4B型电力机车.中国铁道出版社,1999
[3]张有松,朱龙驹.韶山4型电力机车.中国铁道出版社,2001
[4]李朝青.单片机原理及接口技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999
[5]杨志刚,LKJ2000型列车运行监控记录装置.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[6]蒋兆远,列车安全监控专家系统研究.铁道学报,2000年第4期。
[7]王幸之,王雷,翟成,王闪.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[8]柯南.非常电路图设计Prote199之Schematic.中国铁道出版社,2000
[9]赵晓安等.MCS-51单片机原理及应用.天津大学出版社,2000
[10]赵远航.郑志辉.MCS-51单片机C语言应用程序开发技术及实例.航空工业出版社,1996
[11]周航慈.单片机应用程序设计技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,1992.8
[12]高锋.单片微型计算机原理与接口技术.科学出版社,2003
[13]蒋兆远.车载微机数抓采集系统设计.内燃机车,1996年第2期
[14]何立民.MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计.北京航空航天人学出版社,2001
[15]何立民.单片机高级教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[16]Keil C51语言使用技巧及实践.广州周立功单片机有限公司
[17]Keil C51语言编译、调试软件使用指南.广州周立功单片机有限公司
[18]吴今培,肖健华.智能故障诊断与专家系统.科学出版社.1997
[19]王永庆.人工智能原理方法与应用.西安交通大学出版社.1985
[20]饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇芸.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[21]邬宽明.CAN总线原理与应用系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1996
[22]李科亮,郭世明,翟瑾,苏玉香.SS4改型电力机车运行状态数据采集与回放系统.铁道机车车辆.2007年10月增刊
[23]李华.MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[24]马忠梅,籍顺心,张凯,马岩,单片机的C语言应用程序设计.北京航空 航天大学出版社,1998
[25]范成荣.数字逻辑诊断与可靠性设计.国防科技大学,1986
[26]虞和济.故障诊断的基本原理.北京:冶金工业出版社,1989
[27]布鲁尔.数字系统的诊断和可靠性设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1983.
[28]马皓,徐德鸿.电力电子装置在线检测与故障诊断系统.电测与仪表,1999(4)
[29]田宏萍,张家栋.机车电器电路故障诊断系统的研究.北方交通大学学报,2000(4)
[30]黄宗文,程广振,刘钢华.设备状态检测故障诊断技术的应用.煤炭科学技术,1997(4)
[31]孙少辰,吴海明.逻辑电路故障诊断的专家系统.河北工业大学学报,1999(1)
[32]PHILIPS Semiconductors Co二DATA HANDBOOK 80C51-based 8-bit Microcontrollers,1994.
[33]PHILIPS Semiconductors Co二DATA HANDBOOK 80C51-based 8-bit Microcontrollers,1995.
[34]Philips Semiconductors.P8Xc591 Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller,2000.7.
[35]DONG YODER.Memory Expansion for the 8096.EC0 APPLICATION ENGINEER.1989,4.
[36]SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller.Philips Semiconductors,2000.
[37]PCA82C250 CAN controller Interface.Philips Semiconductors,2000.
[38]Max.Khazam,Predicting Test Accuracy for In-Circuits Testing,Int.Test Conf.,1983.574577.
[39]A.S.Fredorick,In-Circuit Testing--Another Approach,Int.Test Conf.,1979,5356.
[40]L.Torence,In-Circuit Analog Component Testing at High Frequency,Int.Test Conf.,1984.455459.
[41]L.F.Robert,In-Circuit Impedance Measurement Using Current Sensing,IEEE Trans.on Strumentation and Measurement,Vol.IM-34,No.1,March 1985,6-14.
[42]K.A.Luber,Inherent Implementation Problems of ATLAS Statement Interpreted System.IEEE Autotestcon,1982,324328.
[43]D.Gleason,Analysis of BIT Accuracy,Proc.Annual R&M Symp.1982,370372.
[44]余祖俊、史红梅、许西宁等.机车随车质量状态诊断记录装置.中国仪器仪表,2001(3)
[45]周桂法、陈特放、崔晓庆.机车在线故障诊断专家系统的研究.长沙铁道学院学报,2002(3)
[46]巴桂香、赢勇.关于机车设备检测系统的研究.铁道机车车辆,2000(4)
[47]王悦民、潜伟建.故障诊断技术方法综述及展望.海军工程学院学报,1996(4)
[48]张静、李继生、陈云忠.组合逻辑电路故障诊断研究.沈阳工业学院学报,1997(9)
[49]程慧霞等.用C++建造专家系统.电子工业出版社.1996
[50]徐彤,雷英杰.一种基于知识规则推理的C++实现方法.空军工报.1009-3516(2002)06-0075-04
[51]王川,马建红一种基于数据库的专家系统设计方法.河南机电高等专科学校学报.1008-2093(2004)06-0027-02
[52]刘佩琦,吴增智.扩展产生式规则的网络故障诊断专家系统.西安交通大学学报.0253-987X(2004)08-0783-04
[53]杨机智,张嘉泰.用C++和Access数据库实现专家系统外壳.应用科技.1009-671X(2004)08-0030-02
[54]Sharkey A J C,Sharkcy N E,Chandroth G O.Diverse neural net solutions to a fault diagnosis problem.Neural Computing&Applications,1996(4):218-227页
[55]Brennan THamilton,YiLu.Diagnosis of automobilefailures using fuzzy logic.In:The Eighth International Conference on ndustrial and Engineering Aplications of At-tificial Intelligence and Expert Systems,Melbourne,Australia,1995
[56]Feret M P.Glasgow J I.Hybrid case-based reasoning for the diagnosis of complex devices.In:Proceedings of AAAI-93, Washington, D C, July 1993: 168-175P
[57] Chao CT. Simplification of fuuzy-neural systems using similarity analysis. IEEE Transaction 011 systems man, and cybemet(?)s-part B: cybemetcs, 1996
[58] A Knowledge-Based Approach to the Design of Protection Systems. EI-Arroudi K, McGillis D T, Joos G, In:ISAP' 99. Rio de Janeiro(Brazil):1999
[59] An Explanation Mechanism for a Real Time Expert System: A Client-Server Approach. Malheiro N, Vale ZA, Ramos C, et, In:ISAP'99. Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): 1999
[60] Conceptual Design of Distributed Rule Based Expert System for Distribution Automation. Tsai MS, ln:ISAP' 99. Riode Jane i ro (Braz i l):1999
[61] A Software Support Tool for the Restoration of Emil Power System. Casamatta F, Stefano A D, Gallantki M, et al. Serse, In:ISAP' 99. Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): 1999