双机时差—频差组合定位研究
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摘要
随着电子干扰和反辐射导弹技术的不断发展,以雷达为代表的有源定位方式日益受到威胁。无源定位系统由于其隐蔽工作,不易受到电子干扰和反辐射导弹的攻击,在电子战条件下具有较强的生存能力。双机无源时差-频差组合定位精度高,定位距离远,在电子对抗条件下仍能正常工作,成为学术界与工程界的研究热点。研究双机无源时差-频差组合定位技术,对于发展我国无源定位技术,提高我军的电子战和预警探测能力具有重要的现实意义。本论文对双机时差-频差组合定位的定位方法及定位精度进行了深入研究。
本论文以双载机为观测平台,围绕双机无源时差-频差组合定位技术,研究了无源定位与跟踪的若干技术问题,包括研究双机时差-频差组合定位的原理、模型、定位误差分析方法、各种参数对目标高度假设定位精度的影响、三维空间跟踪定位的滤波算法以及影响定位效果的因素。论文首先给出双机时差.频差组合定位的原理,建立三维空间的定位模型,依据模型确定定位方程,通过方程推导出定位精度理论分析的几何稀释(Geometric Dilution Of Precision)公式,得出定位精度的理论分析方法;运用数值方法计算仿真出双机时差-频差组合单次定位的GDOP分布图,通过GDOP分布图的对比,分析影响定位精度的因素;建立双机时差-频差定位的系统模型,给出状态方程和量测方程,推导相关公式,给出双机时差-频差定位的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法;仿真得出典型情况下的双机时差-频差组合定位的滤波误差,并分析影响定位效果的因素。研究工作重点围绕载机作为观测器平台进行,其方法和结论是不难推广到其它类型的双观测器运动平台时差-频差无源定位与跟踪应用中。
Along with the development of ECM and ARM, the active localization mode typically in which radar works is threatened increasingly. Passive localization systems are not easy to be attacked by ECM and ARM while working silently, so they have the advantage of survival ability in the environment of modern electronic warfare. With high localization precision, large detection range, working normally in the condition of ECM, time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival (TDOA-FDOA) localization system has attracted great research interest by both academia and engineering. Study on passive TDOA-FDOA localization system is very important to develop the national passive detection technology and improve the military ability of EW and early warning detection. Therefore, in-depth studies are made on the two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization method and the precision of localization in this dissertation.
In this dissertation using two-aircraft as observation platform, several technology problems of passive target localization and tracking centre to two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization method are dealt with, they are the theory of two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization, modeling, analyzing for the localization precision, the impacts of various parameters to localization precision in the circumstances of the target high assumptions, three-dimensional space tracking localization filtering-algorithm as well as the factors influencing the localization. Firstly the dissertation gives the theory of two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization, establishes three-dimensional space model of the localization, determines the localization equation based on the model, derives from the theoretical formulas of Geometric Dilution Of Precision(GDOP) through the localization equation and obtains a theoretical method of the localization precision; calculates and simulations the GDOP curve diagrams of the single localization using the numerical method, and analyzes the factors influencing the localization precision contrasting these diagrams; establishes the system model of two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization, gives the equation of state and the gauging equations, infers the correlation formulas, gives the expanded Kalman filtering algorithm of the localization; obtains the localization difference in the typical situation through the simulations, and analyzes the factors influencing the localization effect. The key of the work carries on using two-aircraft as observation platform, the method and the conclusion are not difficult to promote the application of the other type two-sight moving platform passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization and tracking.
本论文以双载机为观测平台,围绕双机无源时差-频差组合定位技术,研究了无源定位与跟踪的若干技术问题,包括研究双机时差-频差组合定位的原理、模型、定位误差分析方法、各种参数对目标高度假设定位精度的影响、三维空间跟踪定位的滤波算法以及影响定位效果的因素。论文首先给出双机时差.频差组合定位的原理,建立三维空间的定位模型,依据模型确定定位方程,通过方程推导出定位精度理论分析的几何稀释(Geometric Dilution Of Precision)公式,得出定位精度的理论分析方法;运用数值方法计算仿真出双机时差-频差组合单次定位的GDOP分布图,通过GDOP分布图的对比,分析影响定位精度的因素;建立双机时差-频差定位的系统模型,给出状态方程和量测方程,推导相关公式,给出双机时差-频差定位的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法;仿真得出典型情况下的双机时差-频差组合定位的滤波误差,并分析影响定位效果的因素。研究工作重点围绕载机作为观测器平台进行,其方法和结论是不难推广到其它类型的双观测器运动平台时差-频差无源定位与跟踪应用中。
Along with the development of ECM and ARM, the active localization mode typically in which radar works is threatened increasingly. Passive localization systems are not easy to be attacked by ECM and ARM while working silently, so they have the advantage of survival ability in the environment of modern electronic warfare. With high localization precision, large detection range, working normally in the condition of ECM, time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival (TDOA-FDOA) localization system has attracted great research interest by both academia and engineering. Study on passive TDOA-FDOA localization system is very important to develop the national passive detection technology and improve the military ability of EW and early warning detection. Therefore, in-depth studies are made on the two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization method and the precision of localization in this dissertation.
In this dissertation using two-aircraft as observation platform, several technology problems of passive target localization and tracking centre to two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization method are dealt with, they are the theory of two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization, modeling, analyzing for the localization precision, the impacts of various parameters to localization precision in the circumstances of the target high assumptions, three-dimensional space tracking localization filtering-algorithm as well as the factors influencing the localization. Firstly the dissertation gives the theory of two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization, establishes three-dimensional space model of the localization, determines the localization equation based on the model, derives from the theoretical formulas of Geometric Dilution Of Precision(GDOP) through the localization equation and obtains a theoretical method of the localization precision; calculates and simulations the GDOP curve diagrams of the single localization using the numerical method, and analyzes the factors influencing the localization precision contrasting these diagrams; establishes the system model of two-aircraft passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization, gives the equation of state and the gauging equations, infers the correlation formulas, gives the expanded Kalman filtering algorithm of the localization; obtains the localization difference in the typical situation through the simulations, and analyzes the factors influencing the localization effect. The key of the work carries on using two-aircraft as observation platform, the method and the conclusion are not difficult to promote the application of the other type two-sight moving platform passive TDOA-FDOA joint localization and tracking.
引文
[1]Dave Adamy.Radar warning receivers:the digital revolution[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,June,2000,pp45-49.
[2]Dave Adamy.Time of arrival emitter location[J].Journal of Electronic Defense June,1995,pp80-81.
[3]Dave Adamy.Precise targeting:sensors get smarter[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Sept.,2000,pp54-56.
[4]S.Rehnmark.Passive precision direction finding[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Aug.,1990,pp77-80.
[5]Nicholas Ciaxos.The new generation of direction finding and intercept system[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Oct.,1992,pp52-55.
[6]Don Herskovitz.A sampling of direction-finding systems[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Aug.,1998,pp53-61.
[7]Lt Col Jon Wilson.Precision location and identification:a revolution in threat warning and situational awareness[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Nov.,1999,pp43-48.
[8]潘琴格,严盟,廖桂生.无源系统测向及时差频差联合定位方法研究[J].雷达科学与技术,2005.6,pp332-335.
[9]张兴如.无源定位及其定位性能的分析[D].成都:电子科技大学,2001.3.
[10]刘钰.无源定位技术研究及其定位精度分析[D].西安:西北工业大学,2005.3.
[11]Bader T R.Wideband signal processing for emitter location[J].SPIE Advances in Optical information Processing Ⅳ,Oct.,1990,pp179-188.
[12]J.L.Poicot,G.V.Mcwilliams.Application of Linear Statistical to Radar Location Techniques[J].IEEE Trans-AES,May,1974,pp830-834.
[13]胡铭.DOA-TDOA多站无源定位技术[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,1992.1.
[14]机载电子战-未来是数字化和一体化的[J].电子战技术文选,1995.5,pp1-4.
[15]刘雪奎.斯坦费尔德法在雷达无源定位中的应用[J].电子对抗,1988.4,pp1-7.
[16]许耀伟,孙仲康.利用相位变化率对固定辐射源的无源被动定位[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999.3,pp34-37.
[17]潘琴格.无源系统测向及时差频差联合定位研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2005.1.
[18]张正明.辐射源无源定位研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2000.10.
[19]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理(第三版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.5.
[20]孙仲康,周一宇,何黎星.单多基地有源无源定位与跟踪[J].舰艇电子对抗,2001.1,pp5-7.
[21]陶新.无源定位方法与性能分析[D].成都:电子科技大学,2002.3.
[22]杨林.无源时差定位及其信号处理研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,1998.4.
[23]Torrieri D.J.Statistical theory of passive location system[J].IEEE Trans-AES,Dec.,1984,pp110-112.
[24]刘福声,罗鹏飞.统计信号处理[M].长沙:国防科学技术大学出版社,1999.6.
[25]陆安南.双机TDOA/DD无源定位方法[J].电子科技大学学报,2006.1,pp17-20.
[26]张正明,杨绍全.多普勒频率差定位技术研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报,1999.6,pp786-789.
[27]王成,李少洪,黄槐.测时差定位精度分析与最优布站[J].火控雷达技术,2003.4,pp57-59.
[28]周建荣.具有消除测向系统误差的无源定位方法[J].电子对抗技术,2003.5,pp34-36.
[29]邓新蒲.无源探测网中的跟踪关联技术[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,1997.1.
[30]周宏仁,敬忠良,王培德.机动目标跟踪[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991.7.
[2]Dave Adamy.Time of arrival emitter location[J].Journal of Electronic Defense June,1995,pp80-81.
[3]Dave Adamy.Precise targeting:sensors get smarter[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Sept.,2000,pp54-56.
[4]S.Rehnmark.Passive precision direction finding[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Aug.,1990,pp77-80.
[5]Nicholas Ciaxos.The new generation of direction finding and intercept system[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Oct.,1992,pp52-55.
[6]Don Herskovitz.A sampling of direction-finding systems[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Aug.,1998,pp53-61.
[7]Lt Col Jon Wilson.Precision location and identification:a revolution in threat warning and situational awareness[J].Journal of Electronic Defense,Nov.,1999,pp43-48.
[8]潘琴格,严盟,廖桂生.无源系统测向及时差频差联合定位方法研究[J].雷达科学与技术,2005.6,pp332-335.
[9]张兴如.无源定位及其定位性能的分析[D].成都:电子科技大学,2001.3.
[10]刘钰.无源定位技术研究及其定位精度分析[D].西安:西北工业大学,2005.3.
[11]Bader T R.Wideband signal processing for emitter location[J].SPIE Advances in Optical information Processing Ⅳ,Oct.,1990,pp179-188.
[12]J.L.Poicot,G.V.Mcwilliams.Application of Linear Statistical to Radar Location Techniques[J].IEEE Trans-AES,May,1974,pp830-834.
[13]胡铭.DOA-TDOA多站无源定位技术[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,1992.1.
[14]机载电子战-未来是数字化和一体化的[J].电子战技术文选,1995.5,pp1-4.
[15]刘雪奎.斯坦费尔德法在雷达无源定位中的应用[J].电子对抗,1988.4,pp1-7.
[16]许耀伟,孙仲康.利用相位变化率对固定辐射源的无源被动定位[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999.3,pp34-37.
[17]潘琴格.无源系统测向及时差频差联合定位研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2005.1.
[18]张正明.辐射源无源定位研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2000.10.
[19]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理(第三版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.5.
[20]孙仲康,周一宇,何黎星.单多基地有源无源定位与跟踪[J].舰艇电子对抗,2001.1,pp5-7.
[21]陶新.无源定位方法与性能分析[D].成都:电子科技大学,2002.3.
[22]杨林.无源时差定位及其信号处理研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,1998.4.
[23]Torrieri D.J.Statistical theory of passive location system[J].IEEE Trans-AES,Dec.,1984,pp110-112.
[24]刘福声,罗鹏飞.统计信号处理[M].长沙:国防科学技术大学出版社,1999.6.
[25]陆安南.双机TDOA/DD无源定位方法[J].电子科技大学学报,2006.1,pp17-20.
[26]张正明,杨绍全.多普勒频率差定位技术研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报,1999.6,pp786-789.
[27]王成,李少洪,黄槐.测时差定位精度分析与最优布站[J].火控雷达技术,2003.4,pp57-59.
[28]周建荣.具有消除测向系统误差的无源定位方法[J].电子对抗技术,2003.5,pp34-36.
[29]邓新蒲.无源探测网中的跟踪关联技术[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,1997.1.
[30]周宏仁,敬忠良,王培德.机动目标跟踪[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991.7.