无源定位系统中的参数测量技术
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摘要
在现代电子战、信息战环境中,由于利用目标辐射电磁信息的无源探测定位系统具有自身隐蔽和探测距离远等优点,因此它具有重要的应用价值,并己成为当今非线性跟踪与估计研究领域的热点问题。而提取辐射电磁信号中携带定位信息的参数,是实现无源定位的前提和关键。
本文以无源定位为背景,针对辐射源辐射信号的参数测量方法展开研究。文中第二章分析了利用时差、相位差变化率及多普勒频率变化率参数实现无源定位的原理,并对机载单站无源定位的系统构成进行了分析。第三章对时差测量的方法进行了分析,主要以线性调频信号为例,分析了中频复相关方法测量时差的方法,以及提高测量精度的方法。第四章在利用干涉仪测量相位差的基础上,研究了利用时间片处理法估计相位差变化率的方法和一种解模糊的方法,并进行了仿真验证。第五章研究了多普勒变化率的测量方法,针对单载波脉冲信号,提出了一种基于相位差分的多普勒变化率测量方法,仿真分析了测量精度和方法的性能,对相位编码信号和线性调频信号的多普勒变化率测量进行了一定的分析讨论。
总之,本文针对单站无源定位系统中参数测量技术进行了研究,提出了精度比较高的测量算法,算法基本可以直接应用工程实际。
In modern electronic warfare (EW) and information warfare, the passive locating and tracking system, which utilizes electromagnetic wave emitted by the target, has proved its merits of self-hiding and far-distance detecting. And it is now the hotspot in the field of non-linear tracking and estimation. So the estimation of parameters that carry location information of the target is the premise and key technique to achieve locating.This paper is concerned with the parameters estimation of radar signal from the target emitter. In Chapter 2, the locating theories by using time difference of arrival (TDOA), phase difference rate-of-change and Doppler rate-of-change of the signal are derived. And also a system structure of airborne passive locating system is presented. Chapter 3 analyzes the methods for estimation of TDOA. Taking linear FM pulse signal as an example, it contrasts the performance of real-correlation and complex-correlation. And it analyzes the methods to increase precision of estimation. Chapter 4 analyzes the methods for estimation of phase difference rate-of-change. It presents a method based on multi time-chip decrease variance. Chapter 5 analyzes the methods for estimation of Doppler rate-of-change. With phase coherence considered, an algorithm based on phase difference is proposed. Simulation experiments prove that the algorithm is effective and applicable to dynamic estimation.To sum up, the contents of this paper are mainly about the parameters estimation of TDOA, phase difference rate-of-change and Doppler rate-of-change. Algorithms and methods can be put into practice directly to some extend.
本文以无源定位为背景,针对辐射源辐射信号的参数测量方法展开研究。文中第二章分析了利用时差、相位差变化率及多普勒频率变化率参数实现无源定位的原理,并对机载单站无源定位的系统构成进行了分析。第三章对时差测量的方法进行了分析,主要以线性调频信号为例,分析了中频复相关方法测量时差的方法,以及提高测量精度的方法。第四章在利用干涉仪测量相位差的基础上,研究了利用时间片处理法估计相位差变化率的方法和一种解模糊的方法,并进行了仿真验证。第五章研究了多普勒变化率的测量方法,针对单载波脉冲信号,提出了一种基于相位差分的多普勒变化率测量方法,仿真分析了测量精度和方法的性能,对相位编码信号和线性调频信号的多普勒变化率测量进行了一定的分析讨论。
总之,本文针对单站无源定位系统中参数测量技术进行了研究,提出了精度比较高的测量算法,算法基本可以直接应用工程实际。
In modern electronic warfare (EW) and information warfare, the passive locating and tracking system, which utilizes electromagnetic wave emitted by the target, has proved its merits of self-hiding and far-distance detecting. And it is now the hotspot in the field of non-linear tracking and estimation. So the estimation of parameters that carry location information of the target is the premise and key technique to achieve locating.This paper is concerned with the parameters estimation of radar signal from the target emitter. In Chapter 2, the locating theories by using time difference of arrival (TDOA), phase difference rate-of-change and Doppler rate-of-change of the signal are derived. And also a system structure of airborne passive locating system is presented. Chapter 3 analyzes the methods for estimation of TDOA. Taking linear FM pulse signal as an example, it contrasts the performance of real-correlation and complex-correlation. And it analyzes the methods to increase precision of estimation. Chapter 4 analyzes the methods for estimation of phase difference rate-of-change. It presents a method based on multi time-chip decrease variance. Chapter 5 analyzes the methods for estimation of Doppler rate-of-change. With phase coherence considered, an algorithm based on phase difference is proposed. Simulation experiments prove that the algorithm is effective and applicable to dynamic estimation.To sum up, the contents of this paper are mainly about the parameters estimation of TDOA, phase difference rate-of-change and Doppler rate-of-change. Algorithms and methods can be put into practice directly to some extend.
引文
[1] 孙仲康,周一宇,何黎星.单多基地有源无源定位技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996年5月
[2] 孙仲康.基于运动学原理的无源定位技术[J].制导与引信,2001,22(1):40-44
[3] 许耀伟.一种快速高精度无源定位方法的研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,1998
[4] 邓新蒲.运动单观测器无源定位与跟踪方法研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2000
[5] 安玮,孙仲康.利用多普勒变化率的单站无源定位测距技术[C].雷达无源定位跟踪技术研讨会论文集,北京,2001:41-45
[6] 郭福成.基于运动学原理的单站无源定位与跟踪关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2002
[7] 冯道旺.利用径向加速度信息的单站无源定位技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2002
[8] 胡来招.无源定位[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004年1月
[9] 邓薪蒲,祁颖松.相位差变化率的测量方法及其测量精度分析[J].系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(1):20-23
[10] 张超,吕镜清,徐汉林.弱信号的中频互相关检测和时差提取技术[C].中国电子学会电子对抗分会第十二届学术年会论文集
[11] 王里生,罗永光.信号与系统分析[M].国防科技大学出版社,1989
[12] L.科恩.时频分析:理论与应用[M].西安交通大学出版社,白居宪译,西安,1997
[13] 丁鹭飞,张平.雷达系统[M].西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984年
[14] 邓新蒲,卢启中,孙仲康.数字式相位差测量方法及精度分析[J].国防科技大学学报第24卷第5期,2002
[15] 陈海忠,赵巾卫,朱伟强.数字式干涉仪测向技术鉴相算法研究[J].航天电子对抗,2004(4)
[16] D.C. Rife, R.R. Boorstyn. Single-tone parameter estimation from discrete-time observations[J], IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, 1974, 20(5), 591-598.
[17] 许耀伟,孙仲康.利用相位差变化率对固定辐射源的无源被动定位[J].系统工程与电子技术,Vol.21,No.3,1999:34-37
[18] Peter M. Djuric and Steven M. Kay. A Simple Frequency Rate Estimator[J]. IEEE Trans. On Signal Proc, Feb. 1989:2254-2257
[19] Filippo Giannetti, Marco Luise, and Ruggero Reggiannini. Simple Carrier Frequency Rate-of-Change Estimators[J]. IEEE Transaction on Communications, Vol. 47, No. 9, September 1999
[20] S. M. Kay. A fast and accurate single frequency estimator[J], IEEE Transaction on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 37, No. 12, December 1989: 2140-2143
[21] B. Ristic and B. Boashash. Comments on "The Cramer_Rao Lower Bound for Signals with Constant Amplitude and Polynomial Phase" [J]. IEEE Trans. On Signal Proc, Jun. 1998:1708-1709
[22] S.A. Treeter. Estimatiing the Frequency of a Noisy Sinusoid by Linear Regression[J]. IEEE Trans. On Info. Theory, Nov. 1985:832-835
[23] Steven Kay. A Fast and Accurate Single Frequency Estimator[J]. IEEE Trans. On Acoustics. Speech. And Signal Processing, Dec. 1989:1987-1990
[24] A Comparison of 5 algorithms for frequency rate measurement[J], IEEE Trans. On Signal Proc
[25] B. Ristic and B. Boashash. Comments on " The Cramer_Rao Lower Bound for Signals with Constant Amplitude and Polynomial Phase" [J]. IEEE Trans. On Signal Proc, Jun. 1998:1708-1709
[26] 龚享依.利用频率变化率和波达角变化率单站无源定位与跟踪的关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2004
[27] 黄知涛,周一宇,姜文利.一种相位编码序列恢复方法[D],信号处理,18卷第2期,2004年4月
[28] 干国强.导航与定位—现代战争的北斗星[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2000年2月
[29] 机载电子战—未来是数字化和一体化的[J].电子战技术文选,1995.5,1-4,译自IDR1995(6):45-50
[30] 张正明.辐射源无源定位研究[D],西安:西安电子科技大学,2000
[31] 李立萍.无源定位技术的研究与应用[D],成都:电子科技大学,1999
[32] 侯印鸣等.综合电子战—现代战争的杀手锏[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2000年1月
[33] 丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理(修订版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995年6月
[2] 孙仲康.基于运动学原理的无源定位技术[J].制导与引信,2001,22(1):40-44
[3] 许耀伟.一种快速高精度无源定位方法的研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,1998
[4] 邓新蒲.运动单观测器无源定位与跟踪方法研究[D],长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2000
[5] 安玮,孙仲康.利用多普勒变化率的单站无源定位测距技术[C].雷达无源定位跟踪技术研讨会论文集,北京,2001:41-45
[6] 郭福成.基于运动学原理的单站无源定位与跟踪关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2002
[7] 冯道旺.利用径向加速度信息的单站无源定位技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2002
[8] 胡来招.无源定位[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004年1月
[9] 邓薪蒲,祁颖松.相位差变化率的测量方法及其测量精度分析[J].系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(1):20-23
[10] 张超,吕镜清,徐汉林.弱信号的中频互相关检测和时差提取技术[C].中国电子学会电子对抗分会第十二届学术年会论文集
[11] 王里生,罗永光.信号与系统分析[M].国防科技大学出版社,1989
[12] L.科恩.时频分析:理论与应用[M].西安交通大学出版社,白居宪译,西安,1997
[13] 丁鹭飞,张平.雷达系统[M].西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984年
[14] 邓新蒲,卢启中,孙仲康.数字式相位差测量方法及精度分析[J].国防科技大学学报第24卷第5期,2002
[15] 陈海忠,赵巾卫,朱伟强.数字式干涉仪测向技术鉴相算法研究[J].航天电子对抗,2004(4)
[16] D.C. Rife, R.R. Boorstyn. Single-tone parameter estimation from discrete-time observations[J], IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, 1974, 20(5), 591-598.
[17] 许耀伟,孙仲康.利用相位差变化率对固定辐射源的无源被动定位[J].系统工程与电子技术,Vol.21,No.3,1999:34-37
[18] Peter M. Djuric and Steven M. Kay. A Simple Frequency Rate Estimator[J]. IEEE Trans. On Signal Proc, Feb. 1989:2254-2257
[19] Filippo Giannetti, Marco Luise, and Ruggero Reggiannini. Simple Carrier Frequency Rate-of-Change Estimators[J]. IEEE Transaction on Communications, Vol. 47, No. 9, September 1999
[20] S. M. Kay. A fast and accurate single frequency estimator[J], IEEE Transaction on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 37, No. 12, December 1989: 2140-2143
[21] B. Ristic and B. Boashash. Comments on "The Cramer_Rao Lower Bound for Signals with Constant Amplitude and Polynomial Phase" [J]. IEEE Trans. On Signal Proc, Jun. 1998:1708-1709
[22] S.A. Treeter. Estimatiing the Frequency of a Noisy Sinusoid by Linear Regression[J]. IEEE Trans. On Info. Theory, Nov. 1985:832-835
[23] Steven Kay. A Fast and Accurate Single Frequency Estimator[J]. IEEE Trans. On Acoustics. Speech. And Signal Processing, Dec. 1989:1987-1990
[24] A Comparison of 5 algorithms for frequency rate measurement[J], IEEE Trans. On Signal Proc
[25] B. Ristic and B. Boashash. Comments on " The Cramer_Rao Lower Bound for Signals with Constant Amplitude and Polynomial Phase" [J]. IEEE Trans. On Signal Proc, Jun. 1998:1708-1709
[26] 龚享依.利用频率变化率和波达角变化率单站无源定位与跟踪的关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2004
[27] 黄知涛,周一宇,姜文利.一种相位编码序列恢复方法[D],信号处理,18卷第2期,2004年4月
[28] 干国强.导航与定位—现代战争的北斗星[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2000年2月
[29] 机载电子战—未来是数字化和一体化的[J].电子战技术文选,1995.5,1-4,译自IDR1995(6):45-50
[30] 张正明.辐射源无源定位研究[D],西安:西安电子科技大学,2000
[31] 李立萍.无源定位技术的研究与应用[D],成都:电子科技大学,1999
[32] 侯印鸣等.综合电子战—现代战争的杀手锏[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2000年1月
[33] 丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理(修订版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995年6月