亲水性防雾耐磨杂化涂料的设计、制备与性能研究
摘要
现实生活中结雾问题给人们的生产和生活带来了诸多的不便,甚至造成了重大的损失,因而引起了人们的极大关注。从上个世纪四五十年代开始,人们开始对透明材料及制品的防雾和耐磨问题有所关心、关注。随着塑料材料研究取得了广泛的进展和应用,并且在日常生活、运输以及国防等许多领域逐渐取代玻璃,但是这些塑料材料在自身的防雾和耐磨性能上有所欠缺,因此塑料透明光学材料的防雾耐磨研究正成为科学家们关注的热点。
根据防雾的机理,目前对于这一方面的研究主要可以分为亲水性防雾涂层和疏水性防雾涂层以及具有光活性二氧化钛涂层等三大类。无论基于哪一种防雾机理,涂层材料低成本化、施工工艺简单化是决定防雾涂料能否真正实用化的关键性课题。
本论文正是基于这一思路,从亲水性防雾涂层的结构设计出发,运用溶胶凝胶技术,在有机无机杂化材料领域进行了有益的探索,设计并制备了三种价格低廉、施工工艺简单的亲水性防雾耐磨有机无机杂化涂料。此外,我们还运用了旋涂、浸涂等多种工艺在玻璃片、硅片、PC树脂片等多种基材上得到了外观良好、平整透明的涂层。并对所得到的防雾涂料进行了微观结构变化与宏观性质表现之间联系的研究;对得到有机-无机杂化聚合物涂层的施工工艺开展了细致的研究。
Fogging on solid surface is a familiar phenomenon in life and manufacture, which has caused serious influences in some fields, such as the auto industry, agriculture, manufacturing and so on, and attracted extensive attentions of chemists. Plastic materials have replaced conventional inorganic glass in recent years, because of their excellent properties in lightweight, impact resistance, processability, and dyeability. However, plastic materials are defective in anti-fogging and abrasion-resistant, and the disadvantages restrain their broad application. Therefore studyies on antifogging coating, a kind of functional coating with anti-fogging and abrasion-resistant properties, hold important scientific value and environment protecting merit. Recently numerous functional coating reducing or preventing the occurrence of fogging, have been prepared and investigated by scientists. It is still considered to be a challenge for researchers to prepare novel anti-fogging with low cost and single process. We can define two general approaches to achieving antifogging coating: hydrophilic coating and hydropholic coating. The theory and development of these types of anti-fogging film materials have been reviewed in chapter 1.
In chapter 2, we have synthesized the DEA/GPTMS/TEOS hybrid system by Sol-Gel method. The solution can became the antifogging film on the PC and the glass. Because of the hydroxide radical of DEA, the film have a good hydrophilic property and its contact angle is 27 degree. So it can prevent the produce of fog. Meanwhile, the 3D network of SiO2 provide the hardness and its hardness is 4H-5H.
In chapter 3, a hydrophilic copolymer GMA-co-HEMA was fabricated via copolymerization. Further, the epoxy of thecopolymer were reacted by DEA and phosphoric acid. At last, the solution of TEOS and GPTMS were added into the obtained polymer. The film on the glass, silica and PC were proved by atom force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, contact angle as well as anti-fogging test equipments. The results demonstrated that the properties of anti-fogging, abrasion-resitant, transparent, adhesive and anti-cracked are excellent, and the film was uniform. The pencil hardness of films is above 4H, the contact angle is 30 or so.
In chapter 4, a promising methodology for fabricating high anti-fogging films containing sulfonic group was sustained by the post-grafted synthesis. The new anti-fogging film is made up of TEOS, GPTMS and DB7030( a silicane agent with benzene). Firstly we obtained the hybrid film via Sol-Gel. After curing we dipped the film into solution of sulfuric acid to obtain the sulfonic group. Owing to the strong hydrophilic property of sulfonic group, the contact angle of the film is less than the traditional anti-fogging film and the value is 10 degree or so. But the anti-fogging property isn’t enough to apply.
根据防雾的机理,目前对于这一方面的研究主要可以分为亲水性防雾涂层和疏水性防雾涂层以及具有光活性二氧化钛涂层等三大类。无论基于哪一种防雾机理,涂层材料低成本化、施工工艺简单化是决定防雾涂料能否真正实用化的关键性课题。
本论文正是基于这一思路,从亲水性防雾涂层的结构设计出发,运用溶胶凝胶技术,在有机无机杂化材料领域进行了有益的探索,设计并制备了三种价格低廉、施工工艺简单的亲水性防雾耐磨有机无机杂化涂料。此外,我们还运用了旋涂、浸涂等多种工艺在玻璃片、硅片、PC树脂片等多种基材上得到了外观良好、平整透明的涂层。并对所得到的防雾涂料进行了微观结构变化与宏观性质表现之间联系的研究;对得到有机-无机杂化聚合物涂层的施工工艺开展了细致的研究。
Fogging on solid surface is a familiar phenomenon in life and manufacture, which has caused serious influences in some fields, such as the auto industry, agriculture, manufacturing and so on, and attracted extensive attentions of chemists. Plastic materials have replaced conventional inorganic glass in recent years, because of their excellent properties in lightweight, impact resistance, processability, and dyeability. However, plastic materials are defective in anti-fogging and abrasion-resistant, and the disadvantages restrain their broad application. Therefore studyies on antifogging coating, a kind of functional coating with anti-fogging and abrasion-resistant properties, hold important scientific value and environment protecting merit. Recently numerous functional coating reducing or preventing the occurrence of fogging, have been prepared and investigated by scientists. It is still considered to be a challenge for researchers to prepare novel anti-fogging with low cost and single process. We can define two general approaches to achieving antifogging coating: hydrophilic coating and hydropholic coating. The theory and development of these types of anti-fogging film materials have been reviewed in chapter 1.
In chapter 2, we have synthesized the DEA/GPTMS/TEOS hybrid system by Sol-Gel method. The solution can became the antifogging film on the PC and the glass. Because of the hydroxide radical of DEA, the film have a good hydrophilic property and its contact angle is 27 degree. So it can prevent the produce of fog. Meanwhile, the 3D network of SiO2 provide the hardness and its hardness is 4H-5H.
In chapter 3, a hydrophilic copolymer GMA-co-HEMA was fabricated via copolymerization. Further, the epoxy of thecopolymer were reacted by DEA and phosphoric acid. At last, the solution of TEOS and GPTMS were added into the obtained polymer. The film on the glass, silica and PC were proved by atom force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, contact angle as well as anti-fogging test equipments. The results demonstrated that the properties of anti-fogging, abrasion-resitant, transparent, adhesive and anti-cracked are excellent, and the film was uniform. The pencil hardness of films is above 4H, the contact angle is 30 or so.
In chapter 4, a promising methodology for fabricating high anti-fogging films containing sulfonic group was sustained by the post-grafted synthesis. The new anti-fogging film is made up of TEOS, GPTMS and DB7030( a silicane agent with benzene). Firstly we obtained the hybrid film via Sol-Gel. After curing we dipped the film into solution of sulfuric acid to obtain the sulfonic group. Owing to the strong hydrophilic property of sulfonic group, the contact angle of the film is less than the traditional anti-fogging film and the value is 10 degree or so. But the anti-fogging property isn’t enough to apply.
引文
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