非均匀环境下的机载雷达STAP方法与目标检测技术研究
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摘要
杂波抑制是机载雷达下视工作时的关键问题。除了采用超低副瓣天线、偏置相位中心天线(DPCA)等传统杂波抑制技术,能够有效提高相控阵机载雷达杂波抑制能力和运动目标检测性能的空时自适应处理(STAP)技术受到了广泛关注。常规的统计STAP方法性能最优的前提条件是具有足够的与待检测样本中的干扰独立同分布(IID)的训练样本,以便估计协方差矩阵。在非均匀环境下,由于缺乏足够的与待检测样本中干扰独立同分布的训练样本,常规统计STAP方法性能急剧下降。
本文着重研究各种非均匀环境下的相控阵机载雷达的STAP杂波抑制方法与目标检测问题。首先介绍了非均匀STAP的基本知识,然后分别研究了常规非均匀环境、非正侧面阵、圆柱型阵和机载火控雷达的STAP杂波抑制方法,最后基于实测数据对相控阵机载雷达杂波抑制和目标检测问题进行了研究。第二章研究了常规非均匀环境下的STAP方法。第三章研究了非正侧面阵相控阵机载雷达杂波抑制问题。第四章研究了圆柱型相控阵机载雷达杂波建模与杂波抑制问题。第五章研究了相控阵机载火控雷达地面运动目标检测(GMTI)和空中运动目标检测(AMTI)问题。第六章研究了实际工程中面临的相控阵机载雷达子阵划分问题,并对子阵级STAP性能进行了分析。第七章和第八章基于实测数据对相控阵机载雷达运动目标检测技术进行了研究,给出了简单有效的运动目标检测方法。
Clutter suppression is critical to airborne radar. In addition to the conventional techniques such as ultralow sidelobe antennas and displaced phased center antenna (DPCA), there has been great interest in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) because it can suppress clutter effectively and improve the detection performance of airborne phased array radar evidently. The premise of the superiority of the conventional statistical STAP is to have ample training samples with interference that are independently and identically distributed (IID) with interference in the test sample, in order to estimate the covariance matrix. Under the nonhomogeneous environment, the performance of the conventional statistical STAP degrades greatly due to lack of sufficient homogeneous training samples.
This paper puts its emphasis on the investigation of the STAP algorithm and target detection technique for phased array airborne radar in nonhomogeneous environments. Firstly, some basic knowledge of nonhomogeneous STAP is introduced. Secondly, the nonhomogeneous STAP algorithms are investigated in terms of conventional nonhomogeneous environments, non-sidelooking phased array, cylindrical phased array, and airborne fire-control radar etc. Finally, the problems of clutter suppression and target detection are studied based on measured data for phased array airborne radar. In chapter 2, the STAP method is studied in conventional nonhomogeneous environment. In chapter 3, the clutter suppression approach to airborne radar with non-sidelooking phased array antennas is investigated. In chapter 4, clutter model and clutter suppression for airborne early warning (AEW) radar with cylindrical phased array antennas is studied. In chapter 5, the problem of the ground moving target indication (GMTI) and air moving target indication (AMTI) for airborne fire-control radar is reseached. In chapter 6, the subarray partition problem for airborne phased radar is discussed in pratical engineering application background, and the STAP performance is analyzed at subarray stage. In chapters 7 and 8, the moving target detection technique of phased array airborne radar is analyzed based on measured data, and the simple and effective moving target detection methods are given.
本文着重研究各种非均匀环境下的相控阵机载雷达的STAP杂波抑制方法与目标检测问题。首先介绍了非均匀STAP的基本知识,然后分别研究了常规非均匀环境、非正侧面阵、圆柱型阵和机载火控雷达的STAP杂波抑制方法,最后基于实测数据对相控阵机载雷达杂波抑制和目标检测问题进行了研究。第二章研究了常规非均匀环境下的STAP方法。第三章研究了非正侧面阵相控阵机载雷达杂波抑制问题。第四章研究了圆柱型相控阵机载雷达杂波建模与杂波抑制问题。第五章研究了相控阵机载火控雷达地面运动目标检测(GMTI)和空中运动目标检测(AMTI)问题。第六章研究了实际工程中面临的相控阵机载雷达子阵划分问题,并对子阵级STAP性能进行了分析。第七章和第八章基于实测数据对相控阵机载雷达运动目标检测技术进行了研究,给出了简单有效的运动目标检测方法。
Clutter suppression is critical to airborne radar. In addition to the conventional techniques such as ultralow sidelobe antennas and displaced phased center antenna (DPCA), there has been great interest in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) because it can suppress clutter effectively and improve the detection performance of airborne phased array radar evidently. The premise of the superiority of the conventional statistical STAP is to have ample training samples with interference that are independently and identically distributed (IID) with interference in the test sample, in order to estimate the covariance matrix. Under the nonhomogeneous environment, the performance of the conventional statistical STAP degrades greatly due to lack of sufficient homogeneous training samples.
This paper puts its emphasis on the investigation of the STAP algorithm and target detection technique for phased array airborne radar in nonhomogeneous environments. Firstly, some basic knowledge of nonhomogeneous STAP is introduced. Secondly, the nonhomogeneous STAP algorithms are investigated in terms of conventional nonhomogeneous environments, non-sidelooking phased array, cylindrical phased array, and airborne fire-control radar etc. Finally, the problems of clutter suppression and target detection are studied based on measured data for phased array airborne radar. In chapter 2, the STAP method is studied in conventional nonhomogeneous environment. In chapter 3, the clutter suppression approach to airborne radar with non-sidelooking phased array antennas is investigated. In chapter 4, clutter model and clutter suppression for airborne early warning (AEW) radar with cylindrical phased array antennas is studied. In chapter 5, the problem of the ground moving target indication (GMTI) and air moving target indication (AMTI) for airborne fire-control radar is reseached. In chapter 6, the subarray partition problem for airborne phased radar is discussed in pratical engineering application background, and the STAP performance is analyzed at subarray stage. In chapters 7 and 8, the moving target detection technique of phased array airborne radar is analyzed based on measured data, and the simple and effective moving target detection methods are given.
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