红外光谱吸收型光纤一氧化碳传感器的研究
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摘要
一氧化碳(CO)是一种有毒的可燃可爆性气体,它给工业安全生产带来巨大危害。为了实现对CO的检测,装设可燃气体检测器,及时发现事故隐患、尽早采取补救措施是非常必要的。采用红外技术检测CO不但克服了以往检测方法的不足,而且还具有选择性好、连续分析、响应速度快等优点,更能适用于矿井气体的检测环境,因此将红外技术应用于矿井CO的检测具有重要的意义和良好的应用前景。
本论文利用气体近红外光谱吸收原理,设计了一种光纤气体传感器。以一氧化碳为目标气体,确定了气体的吸收谱线,找出了适合普通石英光纤进行较长距离低损耗传输的光谱特性。采用分布反馈式半导体激光器(DFB LD)做光源,通过光源调制实现气体浓度的谐波检测。利用二次谐波与一次谐波的比值来消除由光源不稳定等因素所引起的误差。
本论文所做的主要工作包括:
1.光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器检测原理的研究。分析了正弦波和三角波调制的谐波检测方法,并对两种方法进行了比较。同时简要介绍了光源调制技术。
2.确定CO气体的吸收峰,并在选择好波长和测量方法的基础上,选择DFBLD作为光源,InGaAs PIN光电二极管作为探测器。
3.在理论分析的基础上,设计出基于DFB LD光源的光纤气体传感器系统。在电路设计上采用锁相放大器来获取微弱信号,最大程度的抑制噪声,提高系统的信噪比。
4.以CO为目标气体,初步得到气体浓度的检测曲线,验证了检测方法,为后续研究提供了参考数据。
5.DFB LD光源的外壳温度和内核温度的控制非常重要,这将直接影响光源的输出中心波长。改进了温控模块的设计。
Carbon Monoxide is a poisonous gas which is flammable and explosive, it brings a great damage to industry safety production. In order to realize the CO detection, equip a flammable gas sensor, find the danger of accident immediately, take a saving measurement is very essential. We use infrared technique to detect CO, not only overcome the shortage of usual detect measurement, but also have many virtues such as good selectivity, continuous analysis and quick response, it is more suitable to the mine environment, so using the infrared technique to the CO detection has an important meaning and a good application foreground.
In this thesis, we use the spectrum absorption method, design a kind of fiber optic sensor. We use the CO as the experiment gas, confirm the spectral absorption, and find out the spectra characteristics which are fit for low-loss transmission window of optic fiber. Distributed Feedback laser diode (DFB LD) is used as a light source and light source modulation harmonic measurement is presented in this paper. The ratio of the fundamental and second harmonic signal can be used as output for eliminating the interference owing to the light power changing.
The main works of this thesis include:
1. Study on spectrum absorption measurement principle of optical fiber gas sensor. Analysis sine wave and triangle wave modulation harmonic measurement and compare the two ways. At last, simply introduce the technology of source modulate.
2. Select CO absorption apex, choose DFB LD as the light source, InGaAs PIN photodiode as the detector, based on the wavelength and measuring method that are selected.
3. According to the theoretical analysis, we design a optical fiber sensor system based on DFB LD. The feeble signal is obtained by phase locked amplifier. The noise will be restrained in maximum degree, and the ratio of signal to noise will be raised.
4. Using the CO as the sample gas, do some experiments and get the concentration measurement curves, valuate the system, and supply some data for the following research.
5. Improve on controlling the light sour's working temperature, because the changing of DFB LD surface and kernel temperatures will affect the light source's centre wavelength.
本论文利用气体近红外光谱吸收原理,设计了一种光纤气体传感器。以一氧化碳为目标气体,确定了气体的吸收谱线,找出了适合普通石英光纤进行较长距离低损耗传输的光谱特性。采用分布反馈式半导体激光器(DFB LD)做光源,通过光源调制实现气体浓度的谐波检测。利用二次谐波与一次谐波的比值来消除由光源不稳定等因素所引起的误差。
本论文所做的主要工作包括:
1.光谱吸收式光纤气体传感器检测原理的研究。分析了正弦波和三角波调制的谐波检测方法,并对两种方法进行了比较。同时简要介绍了光源调制技术。
2.确定CO气体的吸收峰,并在选择好波长和测量方法的基础上,选择DFBLD作为光源,InGaAs PIN光电二极管作为探测器。
3.在理论分析的基础上,设计出基于DFB LD光源的光纤气体传感器系统。在电路设计上采用锁相放大器来获取微弱信号,最大程度的抑制噪声,提高系统的信噪比。
4.以CO为目标气体,初步得到气体浓度的检测曲线,验证了检测方法,为后续研究提供了参考数据。
5.DFB LD光源的外壳温度和内核温度的控制非常重要,这将直接影响光源的输出中心波长。改进了温控模块的设计。
Carbon Monoxide is a poisonous gas which is flammable and explosive, it brings a great damage to industry safety production. In order to realize the CO detection, equip a flammable gas sensor, find the danger of accident immediately, take a saving measurement is very essential. We use infrared technique to detect CO, not only overcome the shortage of usual detect measurement, but also have many virtues such as good selectivity, continuous analysis and quick response, it is more suitable to the mine environment, so using the infrared technique to the CO detection has an important meaning and a good application foreground.
In this thesis, we use the spectrum absorption method, design a kind of fiber optic sensor. We use the CO as the experiment gas, confirm the spectral absorption, and find out the spectra characteristics which are fit for low-loss transmission window of optic fiber. Distributed Feedback laser diode (DFB LD) is used as a light source and light source modulation harmonic measurement is presented in this paper. The ratio of the fundamental and second harmonic signal can be used as output for eliminating the interference owing to the light power changing.
The main works of this thesis include:
1. Study on spectrum absorption measurement principle of optical fiber gas sensor. Analysis sine wave and triangle wave modulation harmonic measurement and compare the two ways. At last, simply introduce the technology of source modulate.
2. Select CO absorption apex, choose DFB LD as the light source, InGaAs PIN photodiode as the detector, based on the wavelength and measuring method that are selected.
3. According to the theoretical analysis, we design a optical fiber sensor system based on DFB LD. The feeble signal is obtained by phase locked amplifier. The noise will be restrained in maximum degree, and the ratio of signal to noise will be raised.
4. Using the CO as the sample gas, do some experiments and get the concentration measurement curves, valuate the system, and supply some data for the following research.
5. Improve on controlling the light sour's working temperature, because the changing of DFB LD surface and kernel temperatures will affect the light source's centre wavelength.
引文
[1]关中辉,贺玉凯,刘中奇.煤矿井下一氧化碳气体检测发展与研究.矿山机械,2006,(05)
[2]贺玉凯,王汝琳,刘中奇,张丰,关中辉.红外一氧化碳检测中干扰因素分析及补偿方法研究.矿山机械,2006,(03)
[3]权贵秦,刘怡.便携式甲烷吸收浓度红外测试仪的电路设计.纺织高校基础科学学报,2001,(03)
[4]李洁,严高师.测量CO浓度的光纤传感器.激光与光电子学进展,2006,(01)
[5]曾宪林,袁永忠.双光源、双探测器红外CO浓度测量装置.激光与红外,2003,(01)
[6]刘中奇,王汝琳.矿用智能红外一氧化碳检测仪的研究.工矿自动化,2004,(04)
[7]贺玉凯,王汝琳,张丽,王建,吴久晏.基于光谱吸收原理的光纤甲烷传感器检测方法研究.工矿自动化,2006,(05)
[8]刘中奇,王汝琳.基于红外吸收原理的气体检测.煤炭科学技术,2005,(01)
[9]旖德恒,刘新建,许启富.利用红外光谱吸收原理的CO浓度测量装置研究.光学技术,2001,(01)
[10]李学诚,李先才.红外线瓦斯传感器在井下的试用.煤矿安全,1999,(02)
[11]李拥军.一氧化碳检测报警器检定中常见故障分析.计量技术,2005,(09)
[12]林华,刘艳.一氧化碳的存在及检测.哈尔滨学院学报,2002,(08)
[13]王玉田,刘瑾,张景超等.基于谐波检测技术的光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.测控技术,2003,22(11):19-21
[14]王玉田,王莉田,郑龙江.光纤气体传感器的研究.燕山大学学报,2000,24(4):309-312
[15]叶险峰,汤伟中.CH4气体光纤传感器的研究.半导体光电技术,2000,6:218-220
[16]王玉堂,张经武,王惠文等.光纤传感器研究进展.光电子.激光,1996,2:27-28
[17]张爱军.光谱吸收型光纤气体传感器的研究.[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文],2005:10-39
[18]冉昌艳.光纤气体传感器的研究.[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文],2006:8-11
[19]HumioInaba.Optical remote sensing of environment pollution and danger by molecular species using low-loss optical fiber network system.Optical and Laser Remote Sensing[M].Springer-Verlag Berlin:Heidel berg newYork,1993:10-30
[20]Cooper,D E,Martinelli R U.Near-infrared diode lasers monitor molecular species[J].Laser Focus World,1992,28(11):133-146
[21]Stewart,George,A.Mencaglia,W.Philip,Jin Wei.Interferometer signals in fiber optic methane sensors with wavelength modulation of the DFB laser source.IEEE.1998,16(1):43-53
[22]T.H.Dubaniewicz,J.E.Chilton.Fiber optics for mine gas monitoring New Technology in Mine Health and Safety,1992,24:81-88
[23]张洁.用LED作光源的光纤甲烷气体传感器及其检测系统的研究.[燕山大学硕士学位论文],2005:47-66
[24]王玉田,郭增军,王莉田.用LED作光源的Fabry-Perot光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.计量学报,2002,23(4):307-310
[25]戴焯.传感与检测技术.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003.190-192
[26]付松年,苏立国,吴重庆等.相关光谱法在光纤气体传感中的应用.光谱学与光谱分析,2002,122(16):912-915
[27]田学航,基于红外吸收法的光纤一氧化碳传感系统的研究.[华北电力大学硕士学位论文],2007:2-38
[28]Jin W,Stewart G,Culshaw B,et al.Absorption measurement of methane gas using a broad light source and iterferometric signal processing[J].Optics Letters,1993,18(16):1364-1366
[29]Weldon V,et al.Methane and carbon dioxide sensing using a DFB laser diode operating at 1.64um[J],Electronics Letters 1993,29(6):560-561
[30]H Tai.Long distance simultaneous detection of methane and acetylene by using diode lasers coupled with optical fibers[J],IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1992,4(7):804-807
[31]孙圣和,王廷云,徐影.光纤测量传感技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000.97
[32]张景超,刘瑾,王玉田,杨海马.新型光纤CO气体传感器的研究.光电子与激光,2004,15(4):428-431
[33]Culshaw B,Dakin J.李少慧(译).光纤传感器.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997,105-106
[34]武卫华,何自力.新型一氧化碳传感器的应用研究.矿业快报,2001(14)
[35]林继鹏,刘君华.基于吸收峰混叠的红外混合气体分析方法的研究.光子学报,2006,(03)
[36]王汝琳,王咏涛.红外检测技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2006,9
[37]Weldon V,et al.H_2S and CO_2 gas sensing using a 1.57 DFB laser diode [A],proceedings 2nd European conference on optical chemical sensors and biosensors,Florence.Italy,1994,26:19-21
[38]Humio Inaba.Optical remote sensing of environment alpollution and danger by molecular species using low-loss optical fiber network system.Optical and Laser Remote Sensing[M].Springer-Verlag Berlin:Heidel berg newYork,1993:10-30
[39]Chart K,Ito H,Inaba H.Optical remote monitoring of CH4 gas using low-loss optical fiber link and InGaAsp Light-emitting diode in 1.33um region[J].Appl Phys Lett,1983,43(7):634-637
[40]Miha Zavrsnik,G Stewart.Coherence addressing of quasi-distributed absorption sensors by the FMCW method[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2000,18(1):57-65
[41]R.U.Wartinelli.Near-infrared InGaAs/InP Distributed Feedback Lasers for Spectroscopic Application.Proc.SPIE,1994,2148:292-307
[42]李政颖.煤矿瓦斯多通道光纤传感检测仪的研究与开发.[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文].2007:21-38
[43]叶嘉雄,常大定,陈汝钧.光电系统与信号处理.北京:科学出版社.1997:259-358
[44]郭廷荣.光谱吸收式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.[燕山大学工学硕士学位论文].2001:9-24
[45]樊尚春.传感器技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.4-30
[46]Kersey A D.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Gratings Strain-sensor System with a Fiber Fabry-Perot Wave length Filter[J].Optics Letters 1993.18(16):1370
[47]郭凤珍,于长泰.光纤传感技术与应用.浙江:浙江大学出版社,1992.2-12
[48]王莉田,史锦珊,王玉田.吸收式环境气体光纤传感器.传感器技术.1996,6:28-30
[49]K.A.Yen,C.S.Chou.The Investigation of a Tunable Fabry-Perot Chopper for Light.Bulletin of College of Engineering,N.T.U,2001,83:15-20
[2]贺玉凯,王汝琳,刘中奇,张丰,关中辉.红外一氧化碳检测中干扰因素分析及补偿方法研究.矿山机械,2006,(03)
[3]权贵秦,刘怡.便携式甲烷吸收浓度红外测试仪的电路设计.纺织高校基础科学学报,2001,(03)
[4]李洁,严高师.测量CO浓度的光纤传感器.激光与光电子学进展,2006,(01)
[5]曾宪林,袁永忠.双光源、双探测器红外CO浓度测量装置.激光与红外,2003,(01)
[6]刘中奇,王汝琳.矿用智能红外一氧化碳检测仪的研究.工矿自动化,2004,(04)
[7]贺玉凯,王汝琳,张丽,王建,吴久晏.基于光谱吸收原理的光纤甲烷传感器检测方法研究.工矿自动化,2006,(05)
[8]刘中奇,王汝琳.基于红外吸收原理的气体检测.煤炭科学技术,2005,(01)
[9]旖德恒,刘新建,许启富.利用红外光谱吸收原理的CO浓度测量装置研究.光学技术,2001,(01)
[10]李学诚,李先才.红外线瓦斯传感器在井下的试用.煤矿安全,1999,(02)
[11]李拥军.一氧化碳检测报警器检定中常见故障分析.计量技术,2005,(09)
[12]林华,刘艳.一氧化碳的存在及检测.哈尔滨学院学报,2002,(08)
[13]王玉田,刘瑾,张景超等.基于谐波检测技术的光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.测控技术,2003,22(11):19-21
[14]王玉田,王莉田,郑龙江.光纤气体传感器的研究.燕山大学学报,2000,24(4):309-312
[15]叶险峰,汤伟中.CH4气体光纤传感器的研究.半导体光电技术,2000,6:218-220
[16]王玉堂,张经武,王惠文等.光纤传感器研究进展.光电子.激光,1996,2:27-28
[17]张爱军.光谱吸收型光纤气体传感器的研究.[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文],2005:10-39
[18]冉昌艳.光纤气体传感器的研究.[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文],2006:8-11
[19]HumioInaba.Optical remote sensing of environment pollution and danger by molecular species using low-loss optical fiber network system.Optical and Laser Remote Sensing[M].Springer-Verlag Berlin:Heidel berg newYork,1993:10-30
[20]Cooper,D E,Martinelli R U.Near-infrared diode lasers monitor molecular species[J].Laser Focus World,1992,28(11):133-146
[21]Stewart,George,A.Mencaglia,W.Philip,Jin Wei.Interferometer signals in fiber optic methane sensors with wavelength modulation of the DFB laser source.IEEE.1998,16(1):43-53
[22]T.H.Dubaniewicz,J.E.Chilton.Fiber optics for mine gas monitoring New Technology in Mine Health and Safety,1992,24:81-88
[23]张洁.用LED作光源的光纤甲烷气体传感器及其检测系统的研究.[燕山大学硕士学位论文],2005:47-66
[24]王玉田,郭增军,王莉田.用LED作光源的Fabry-Perot光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.计量学报,2002,23(4):307-310
[25]戴焯.传感与检测技术.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003.190-192
[26]付松年,苏立国,吴重庆等.相关光谱法在光纤气体传感中的应用.光谱学与光谱分析,2002,122(16):912-915
[27]田学航,基于红外吸收法的光纤一氧化碳传感系统的研究.[华北电力大学硕士学位论文],2007:2-38
[28]Jin W,Stewart G,Culshaw B,et al.Absorption measurement of methane gas using a broad light source and iterferometric signal processing[J].Optics Letters,1993,18(16):1364-1366
[29]Weldon V,et al.Methane and carbon dioxide sensing using a DFB laser diode operating at 1.64um[J],Electronics Letters 1993,29(6):560-561
[30]H Tai.Long distance simultaneous detection of methane and acetylene by using diode lasers coupled with optical fibers[J],IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1992,4(7):804-807
[31]孙圣和,王廷云,徐影.光纤测量传感技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000.97
[32]张景超,刘瑾,王玉田,杨海马.新型光纤CO气体传感器的研究.光电子与激光,2004,15(4):428-431
[33]Culshaw B,Dakin J.李少慧(译).光纤传感器.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997,105-106
[34]武卫华,何自力.新型一氧化碳传感器的应用研究.矿业快报,2001(14)
[35]林继鹏,刘君华.基于吸收峰混叠的红外混合气体分析方法的研究.光子学报,2006,(03)
[36]王汝琳,王咏涛.红外检测技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2006,9
[37]Weldon V,et al.H_2S and CO_2 gas sensing using a 1.57 DFB laser diode [A],proceedings 2nd European conference on optical chemical sensors and biosensors,Florence.Italy,1994,26:19-21
[38]Humio Inaba.Optical remote sensing of environment alpollution and danger by molecular species using low-loss optical fiber network system.Optical and Laser Remote Sensing[M].Springer-Verlag Berlin:Heidel berg newYork,1993:10-30
[39]Chart K,Ito H,Inaba H.Optical remote monitoring of CH4 gas using low-loss optical fiber link and InGaAsp Light-emitting diode in 1.33um region[J].Appl Phys Lett,1983,43(7):634-637
[40]Miha Zavrsnik,G Stewart.Coherence addressing of quasi-distributed absorption sensors by the FMCW method[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2000,18(1):57-65
[41]R.U.Wartinelli.Near-infrared InGaAs/InP Distributed Feedback Lasers for Spectroscopic Application.Proc.SPIE,1994,2148:292-307
[42]李政颖.煤矿瓦斯多通道光纤传感检测仪的研究与开发.[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文].2007:21-38
[43]叶嘉雄,常大定,陈汝钧.光电系统与信号处理.北京:科学出版社.1997:259-358
[44]郭廷荣.光谱吸收式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.[燕山大学工学硕士学位论文].2001:9-24
[45]樊尚春.传感器技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.4-30
[46]Kersey A D.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Gratings Strain-sensor System with a Fiber Fabry-Perot Wave length Filter[J].Optics Letters 1993.18(16):1370
[47]郭凤珍,于长泰.光纤传感技术与应用.浙江:浙江大学出版社,1992.2-12
[48]王莉田,史锦珊,王玉田.吸收式环境气体光纤传感器.传感器技术.1996,6:28-30
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