数字版权管理中权限交互与容错认证机制研究
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摘要
基于网络的数字多媒体应用是当前多媒体技术发展的趋势,网络和媒体的结合给用户提供了灵活便捷的多媒体获取方式,提高了用户的工作效率和生活质量。但是在给用户带来方便的同时,网络多媒体内容也面临着严重的盗版威胁,基于网络的数字版权管理是目前解决这一问题最有前途的研究方向。
本文以面向网络的数字版权管理中权限交互和分布式容错认证机制等问题作为主要研究内容,对这一领域展开了一些探索性研究工作。首先,本文对现有的网络数字版权管理系统框架以及研究工作进行了总结分析,指出如何通过技术手段改进现有数字版权管理的权限交互机制是其当前面临的一个新的关键问题。对此,本文从数字权限共享和数字版权管理互操作机制两方面对这一问题进行了研究。其次,分析了数字版权管理在P2P网络中的研究与应用和存在的问题,分析表明P2P模式下无中心的节点认证是P2P的数字版权保护中一个重要的环节,针对这一问题也进行了深入的探讨。论文的主要工作以及创新点如下:
1.提出一种基于数字票据的在线数字版权管理权限共享机制。首先分析了权限共享问题在数字版权管理用户体验中的作用以及潜在的商业模式应用;其次给出了一种适合数字版权管理的数字票据通用设计格式;然后结合典型的数字版权管理系统给出了基于数字票据的数字权限共享模型;最后设计了一种基于数字票据的轻量级数字权限共享协议并证明其安全性。
2.结合一种新颖的在线虚拟家庭影院应用模式,实现了一个基于数字票据的在线DRM视频分享原型系统Virtual Theater。首先基于提出的共享机制具体描述了该系统的结构与组成;其次,总结了在线分享DRM视频内容的基本流程,并提出了一种新颖的基于数字权限共享的应用场景和商业模式;最后,通过性能测试说明Virtual Theater的性能优势。
3.提出一种具有个人隐私保护的分布式数字版权管理互操作机制:DPP-DRM。首先分析了以往数字家庭网络中由于集中存储而带来的DRM互操作和个人隐私泄露问题;然后针对上述问题,提出一种新颖的基于CoralIF的互操作机制,该机制在客户端分配用户信息并分布式记录用户交易记录和域管理等个人隐私信息;最后使用串空间理论证明DPP-DRM能够在媒体中心被攻破的情况下,仍能够保证设备成员列表和权限令牌等关键信息的安全。
4.提出了一种高效的面向P2P DRM的基于集群的Byzantine容错节点认证机制。首先总结了P2P网络中DRM的研究;其次重点介绍P2P网络中Byzantine认证机制以及在P2P DRM系统中应用时存在的节点间交互消息过多的问题。然后,针对这一问题,提出一种基于集群的Byzantine容错认证算法,通过算法分析,证明了这种算法的优势。
Internet based multimedia application is the evolution trend of multimedia techniques. The combination of networks and multimedia provides users with a flexible and convenient way to obtain multimedia content, and improves users’work efficiency and quality of their lives. While people enjoy the convenient that multimedia technology brings to us, multimedia content also faces serious piracy threat. Network based DRM (Digital Rights Management) is the most promising solution to this problem.
The dissertation focuses on research topics of network based DRM. Firstly, we analyze existing DRM system architecture, and summarize related works on network based DRM research topics. We conclude that how to improve rights interaction scheme through technical methods is a key issue in current DRM system. Based on this conclusion, DRM rights sharing and DRM interoperability are firstly studied as our research emphasises. Secondly, we analyze the DRM applicationes and research issues in P2P network. Analysis results show that peer authentication without trusted authority center plays an important role in deploying a secure and stable DRM system in large scale P2P network. The main contribution of this dissertation can be summarized as follows:
1. A novel rights sharing scheme based on a light-weighted digital ticket transfer protocol is proposed for online DRM system. We firstly analyze the importance of rights sharing in DRM system and its competence to develop new application and business models. Secondly, a universal digital ticket format is proposed for DRM rights sharing. Thirdly, a novel DRM rights sharing model is given based on proposed sharing scheme and typical DRM system architecture. Lastly, we design a light-weighted rights sharing protocol.
2. We implement a prototype system for network based DRM content sharing within online customers using proposed rights sharing scheme based on a light-weighted digital ticket transfer protocol. Key components and their function are presented as well as system work flow. We also propose a novel business model based on proposed rights sharing scheme. The evaluation results indicate that the overhead of our scheme is reasonable compare to other systems.
3. A Distributed and Privacy Protected DRM interoperability framework (DPP-DRM) is proposed for digital home network based on CoralIF. The framework locates the role of Domain Manager and Rights Registry to device in a home domain, then the centralized store of transaction record and domain management information becomes distributed store of every user’s own privacy information. So the proposed server load is reduced and user privacy is protected. Formal analysis indicates that critical information such as rights token and device management list can be still secure even if the media center is compromised.
4. An efficient peer authentication scheme is proposed using cluster based Byzantine fault tolerance authentication for P2P DRM system. Algorithm analysis shows our scheme greatly reduces the number of message during Byzantine agreement procedure.
本文以面向网络的数字版权管理中权限交互和分布式容错认证机制等问题作为主要研究内容,对这一领域展开了一些探索性研究工作。首先,本文对现有的网络数字版权管理系统框架以及研究工作进行了总结分析,指出如何通过技术手段改进现有数字版权管理的权限交互机制是其当前面临的一个新的关键问题。对此,本文从数字权限共享和数字版权管理互操作机制两方面对这一问题进行了研究。其次,分析了数字版权管理在P2P网络中的研究与应用和存在的问题,分析表明P2P模式下无中心的节点认证是P2P的数字版权保护中一个重要的环节,针对这一问题也进行了深入的探讨。论文的主要工作以及创新点如下:
1.提出一种基于数字票据的在线数字版权管理权限共享机制。首先分析了权限共享问题在数字版权管理用户体验中的作用以及潜在的商业模式应用;其次给出了一种适合数字版权管理的数字票据通用设计格式;然后结合典型的数字版权管理系统给出了基于数字票据的数字权限共享模型;最后设计了一种基于数字票据的轻量级数字权限共享协议并证明其安全性。
2.结合一种新颖的在线虚拟家庭影院应用模式,实现了一个基于数字票据的在线DRM视频分享原型系统Virtual Theater。首先基于提出的共享机制具体描述了该系统的结构与组成;其次,总结了在线分享DRM视频内容的基本流程,并提出了一种新颖的基于数字权限共享的应用场景和商业模式;最后,通过性能测试说明Virtual Theater的性能优势。
3.提出一种具有个人隐私保护的分布式数字版权管理互操作机制:DPP-DRM。首先分析了以往数字家庭网络中由于集中存储而带来的DRM互操作和个人隐私泄露问题;然后针对上述问题,提出一种新颖的基于CoralIF的互操作机制,该机制在客户端分配用户信息并分布式记录用户交易记录和域管理等个人隐私信息;最后使用串空间理论证明DPP-DRM能够在媒体中心被攻破的情况下,仍能够保证设备成员列表和权限令牌等关键信息的安全。
4.提出了一种高效的面向P2P DRM的基于集群的Byzantine容错节点认证机制。首先总结了P2P网络中DRM的研究;其次重点介绍P2P网络中Byzantine认证机制以及在P2P DRM系统中应用时存在的节点间交互消息过多的问题。然后,针对这一问题,提出一种基于集群的Byzantine容错认证算法,通过算法分析,证明了这种算法的优势。
Internet based multimedia application is the evolution trend of multimedia techniques. The combination of networks and multimedia provides users with a flexible and convenient way to obtain multimedia content, and improves users’work efficiency and quality of their lives. While people enjoy the convenient that multimedia technology brings to us, multimedia content also faces serious piracy threat. Network based DRM (Digital Rights Management) is the most promising solution to this problem.
The dissertation focuses on research topics of network based DRM. Firstly, we analyze existing DRM system architecture, and summarize related works on network based DRM research topics. We conclude that how to improve rights interaction scheme through technical methods is a key issue in current DRM system. Based on this conclusion, DRM rights sharing and DRM interoperability are firstly studied as our research emphasises. Secondly, we analyze the DRM applicationes and research issues in P2P network. Analysis results show that peer authentication without trusted authority center plays an important role in deploying a secure and stable DRM system in large scale P2P network. The main contribution of this dissertation can be summarized as follows:
1. A novel rights sharing scheme based on a light-weighted digital ticket transfer protocol is proposed for online DRM system. We firstly analyze the importance of rights sharing in DRM system and its competence to develop new application and business models. Secondly, a universal digital ticket format is proposed for DRM rights sharing. Thirdly, a novel DRM rights sharing model is given based on proposed sharing scheme and typical DRM system architecture. Lastly, we design a light-weighted rights sharing protocol.
2. We implement a prototype system for network based DRM content sharing within online customers using proposed rights sharing scheme based on a light-weighted digital ticket transfer protocol. Key components and their function are presented as well as system work flow. We also propose a novel business model based on proposed rights sharing scheme. The evaluation results indicate that the overhead of our scheme is reasonable compare to other systems.
3. A Distributed and Privacy Protected DRM interoperability framework (DPP-DRM) is proposed for digital home network based on CoralIF. The framework locates the role of Domain Manager and Rights Registry to device in a home domain, then the centralized store of transaction record and domain management information becomes distributed store of every user’s own privacy information. So the proposed server load is reduced and user privacy is protected. Formal analysis indicates that critical information such as rights token and device management list can be still secure even if the media center is compromised.
4. An efficient peer authentication scheme is proposed using cluster based Byzantine fault tolerance authentication for P2P DRM system. Algorithm analysis shows our scheme greatly reduces the number of message during Byzantine agreement procedure.
引文
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[1] PPLive, http://www.pplive.com, 2009.
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[5] Pathak, V., Iftode, L.: Byzantine Fault Tolerant Public Key Authentication in Peer-to-Peer Systems. Computer Networks. Special Issues on Management in Peer-to-Peer Systems: Trust, Reputation and Security 50(4), 579–596 (2006)
[6] Palomar, E., Estevez-Tapiador, J.M., Hernandez-Castro, J.C., Ribagorda, A. Certificate based Access Control in Pure P2P Networks. In: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, pp. 177–184 (2006)
[7] Iwata, T.; Abe, T.; Ueda, K.; Sunaga, H., A DRM system suitable for P2P content delivery and the study on its implementation, Proceeding of the 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC 2003), September 21-24, 2003, Vol. 2, pp. 806-811.
[8] Reti, T., Sarvas, R.,“DiMaS: distributing multimedia on peer-to-peer file sharing networks”, Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, October 10-16, 2004, pp166-167.
[9] A. Shamir, "How to Share a Secret", Communications of ACM, vol. 24, no. 11, 1979, pp.612– 613.
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[11] Chu, C.C.; Su, X.; Prabhu, B.S.; Gadh, R.; Kurup, S.; Sridhar, G.; Sridhar, V., Mobile DRM for multimedia content commerce in P2P networks. Consumer Communications andNetworking Conference, 2006. CCNC 2006. 3rd IEEE , vol.2, no., pp. 1119-1123, 8-10 Jan. 2006
[12] Pestoni, F., Lotspiech, J.B., Nusser, S.: xCP: Peer-to-Peer Content Protection. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 21(2), 71–81 (2004)
[13] 17. Zhou, Y.C., Cerruti, J.A., Ma, L., Ma, L., Myles, G.: CPWCT: Making P2P Home Network Secure Virtual Multimedia Device. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (2005)
[14] Fiat, A., Naor, M.: Broadcast Encryption. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology, pp. 480–491 (August 1994)
[15] Yao Zhang, Chun Yuan, Yuzhuo Zhong. Implementing DRM over Peer-to-Peer Networks with Broadcast Encryption. Advances in Multimedia Information Processing– PCM 2007, pp. 236-245
[16] Zhou L, Haas Z J. Securing Ad hoc networks. IEEE Network, 1999, 13(6): 24-30.
[17] Luo H Y, Lu S W. Ubiquitous and robust authentication services for Ad hoc wireless networks. Technical Report TR-200030, Dept.of Computer Science, UCLA. 2000.
[18] Lamport L, Shostak R, Pease M. The Byzantine generals problem. ACM Trans. on Programming Languages and Systems, 1982, 4(3):382-401.
[19] Dolev D, Strong H R. Authenticated algorithms for Byzantine agreement. SIAM Journal of Computation, 1983, 12(4): 656-666.
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[21] Siu Hin-Sing, Chin Yeh-Hao, Yang Wei-Pang. Byzantine agreement in the presence of mixed faults on processors and links. IEEE Trans. on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 1998, 9(4):335-345.
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[23] Burmester M, Desmedt Y G. Secure communication in an unknown network with Byzantine faults. Electronics Letters, 1998, 34(8): 741-742.
[24] Wang S C, Yang W P, Cheng C F. Byzantine agreement on mobile Ad-hoc network. IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004, vol.1: 52-57.
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[27] Poosarla R, Deng Hongmei, Ojha A, Agrawal D P. A cluster based secure routing scheme for wireless Ad hoc networks. IEEE International Conference on Performance, Computing, and Communications, 2004: 171-175.