用RTSP协议对MMS系统的扩充
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摘要
近年来,伴随着移动通信网络在我国的快速发展,基于提供交互文本消息的SMS(Short Messaging Service)在我国取得了巨大的成功。接着作为SMS的下一代服务,提供图片服务的EMS(Enhanced Messaging Service)也取得了不错的效益。随着网络带宽以及业务需求的需要,在2.5G以及3G网络中,提供视频音频服务的下一代信息服务MMS(Multimedia Messaging Service)逐渐发展起来。
新一代信息系统MMS由很多个网络元素组成。它除了提供传统的HTTP下载模式,MMS系统还会提供流化的不完全下载模式。不完全下载模式利用RTP(Real-timeTransport Protocol)作为传输手段来对视频和音频信息进行传输。然而在MMS现有的体系架构当中,作为MMS系统核心控制器的MMSC(Multimedia Messaging Service Center)与流媒体服务器的接口并没有实现标准化。现有的流媒体服务器使用的接口信令RTSP(Real-Time Streaming Protocol)只能实现接口的部分功能,但却无法实现数据库间的同步。因此RTSP协议必须扩展其现有功能才能实现对MMS系统现有功能的支持。
本文以支持RTSP,RTP,SDP(Session Description Protocol)等协议的Darwin流媒体服务器(下文称之为DSS)为例子,对现有RTSP的方法进行了补充和改进,同时进行了对其RTSP协议以及加密模块的开发,并开发了模拟MMS的中心服务器功能的代码作为测试,实现了支持RTSP扩展协议功能的DSS以及MMSC。提出了从MMSC到流媒体服务器的一套标准的规范。
In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile telecommunications network in china, SMS(Short Messaging Service), which provides short text exchange service, has got great success. The next generation messaging service following the SMS is EMS (Enhanced Messaging Service). EMS, which provides image service, becomes very popular too. But with the deployment of more bandwidth and more service requirement, EMS cannot satisfy customers' demand. In 2.5G and 3G network, the MMS (Multimedia Streaming Service), which provides video and audio function, develops very fast.
The MMS system is composed of many network elements. The MMS system provides basic http download mode and small data trunk download mode which is based on RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) to transport video and audio information. However the interface between the MMSC (Multimedia Messaging Service Center) and streaming server is not standardized in the current MMS architecture. Nowadays most of the streaming servers support RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol), but RTSP can only support part of the functions of the interface between MMSC and the streaming server. Now RTSP cannot provide all interfaces between MMSC and the streaming server. It also cannot provide the synchronization of different databases. So it is necessary to use RTSP extension to support all the functions.
This thesis uses Darwin streaming server (DSS), which supports SDP (Session Description Protocol), RTP and RTSP, as streaming server to illustrate the extension of RTSP to support the communication between MMSC and DSS. Lots of work has been done on RTSP module and its encrypted module. An MMSC simulator is adopted to test the RTSP extension implement on the basic modules of DSS RTSP. The functions using the RTSP extension as interfaces between MMSC and DSS are implemented and studied in this thesis.
新一代信息系统MMS由很多个网络元素组成。它除了提供传统的HTTP下载模式,MMS系统还会提供流化的不完全下载模式。不完全下载模式利用RTP(Real-timeTransport Protocol)作为传输手段来对视频和音频信息进行传输。然而在MMS现有的体系架构当中,作为MMS系统核心控制器的MMSC(Multimedia Messaging Service Center)与流媒体服务器的接口并没有实现标准化。现有的流媒体服务器使用的接口信令RTSP(Real-Time Streaming Protocol)只能实现接口的部分功能,但却无法实现数据库间的同步。因此RTSP协议必须扩展其现有功能才能实现对MMS系统现有功能的支持。
本文以支持RTSP,RTP,SDP(Session Description Protocol)等协议的Darwin流媒体服务器(下文称之为DSS)为例子,对现有RTSP的方法进行了补充和改进,同时进行了对其RTSP协议以及加密模块的开发,并开发了模拟MMS的中心服务器功能的代码作为测试,实现了支持RTSP扩展协议功能的DSS以及MMSC。提出了从MMSC到流媒体服务器的一套标准的规范。
In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile telecommunications network in china, SMS(Short Messaging Service), which provides short text exchange service, has got great success. The next generation messaging service following the SMS is EMS (Enhanced Messaging Service). EMS, which provides image service, becomes very popular too. But with the deployment of more bandwidth and more service requirement, EMS cannot satisfy customers' demand. In 2.5G and 3G network, the MMS (Multimedia Streaming Service), which provides video and audio function, develops very fast.
The MMS system is composed of many network elements. The MMS system provides basic http download mode and small data trunk download mode which is based on RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) to transport video and audio information. However the interface between the MMSC (Multimedia Messaging Service Center) and streaming server is not standardized in the current MMS architecture. Nowadays most of the streaming servers support RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol), but RTSP can only support part of the functions of the interface between MMSC and the streaming server. Now RTSP cannot provide all interfaces between MMSC and the streaming server. It also cannot provide the synchronization of different databases. So it is necessary to use RTSP extension to support all the functions.
This thesis uses Darwin streaming server (DSS), which supports SDP (Session Description Protocol), RTP and RTSP, as streaming server to illustrate the extension of RTSP to support the communication between MMSC and DSS. Lots of work has been done on RTSP module and its encrypted module. An MMSC simulator is adopted to test the RTSP extension implement on the basic modules of DSS RTSP. The functions using the RTSP extension as interfaces between MMSC and DSS are implemented and studied in this thesis.
引文
1.Schulzrinne H.,Columbia U.,Rao A./Lanphier R.,"Real time Streaming Protocol",RFC 2326,April 1998 Available:rfe.sunsite.dk/rfc/rfc2326.html
2.H.Schulzrinne Columbia University S.Casner Packet Design R.Frederick Blue Coat Systems Inc.V.Jacobson Packet Design"A transport protocol for real-time applications",July 2003 Available:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3550.txt
3.QTSS.pdf apple公司Darwin流媒体服务器帮助文档 http://www.apple.com.
4.V.Jacobson ISI/LBNL."Session Description Protocol",RFC 2327,April 1998,Available:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2327.txt
5.J.Rosenberg dynamicsoft H.Schulzrinne Columbia U." An Offer/Answer Model with the Session Description Protocol(SDP)" June 2002.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3264.txt
6.J.Rosenberg dynamicsoft H.Sehulzrinne Columbia U.G.Camarillo Ericsson A.Johnston WorldCom J.Peterson Neustar R.Sparks dynamicsoft M.Handley ICIR E.Schooler AT&T "Session Initiation Protocol" June 2002 Avaiable:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
7.WAP Forum"Wireless application protocol Multimeida messaging service client transaction specifications" WAP-206-MMSCTR-20020115-a January 2002
8.3GPP "3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects;IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS);Stage 2(Release 8)".September 2007.
9.R.Fielding UC Irvine J.Gettys Compaq/W3C J.Mogul Compaq H.Frystyk W3C/MIT L.Masinter Xerox P.Leach Microsoft T.Berners-Lee W3C/MIT"Hypertext transfer protocol-HTTP1.1"RFC2616 June 1999,Available:http://www.ietf.org/rfe/rfc2327.txt
10.Juhee Hong,Hocheol Sung,Jungwook Song,Sunyoung Han.[J]Optizimization Scheme for Streaming Service Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Software Technologies for Future Embeded Systems.2003
11.Simo Gratschew,Janne Raitaniemi,Jorma Ylinen and Pekka Loula.[J]A multimedia Messaging Platform for Content Delivering.
12.M.A.Jovanovic,F.S.Annexstein,and K.A.Berman.Scalability issues in large peer-to-peer networks:A case study of Gnutella[EB/OL],http://www.ececs.com,2004-4-9.
13.SIPForum.http://sipforum.org/.
14.WAPForum.http://wapforum.org/.
15.Clan W.bittorrent 协议规范[EB/OL].http://www.bittorrent.org/protocol.html.2006-5-8.
16.石江明,谢文军,黄善国.流媒体业务模型及其传输[J],中兴通讯技术,2006(6):12-14.
17.陈增发.流媒体及其应用[J],科技资讯,2006(31):145-149.
18.S.Q.Zhuang,B.Y.Zhao,A.D.Joseph,R.Katz,and J.Kubiatowicz.Bayeux:An architecture for scalable and fault tolerant wide-area data dissemination[A],In Proc.of the Eleventh International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video(NOSSDAV 2001)[C],Fort Jefferson,NY,June 2001,121-130.
19.B.Zhao,J.Kubiatowicz,and A.Joseph.Tapestry:An infrastructure for fault-tolerant wide-area location and routing[R],Technical Report UCB/CSD-01-1141,Computer Science Division,U.C.Berkeley,April 2001.
20.K.P.Birman,M.Hayden,O.Ozkasap,Z.Xiao,M.Budiu,and Y.Minsky.Bimodal multicast[J],ACM Transactions on Computer Systems,1999,17(2):41-48.
21.D.Kostic,A.Rodriguez,J.R.Albrecht,A.Vahdat.Bullet:high bandwidth data dissemination using an overlay mesh[A],In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles[C],October 2003,282-297.
22.Miguel Castro,Peter Druschel,Anne-Made Kermarrec,Animesh Nandi,Antony Rowstron,and Atul Singh.Splitstream:High-bandwidth Content Distribution in Cooperative Environments[A],In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles[C],October 2003.
23.Castro M,Druschel P,Kermarrec A-M,Rowstron A.SCRIBE:A large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure[J],IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications(JSAC),2002.
24.Rowstron A,Druschel P.Pastry:Scalable,distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems[A].In:Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms(Middleware)[C].2001.329-350.
25.Venkata N.Padmanabhan,Helen J.Wang,Philip A.Chou.Resilient Peer-to-Peer Streaming[A].In 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols(ICNP'03)[C]November 04 - 07,2003 Atlanta,Georgia.
26.姜海,闫英明.传输实时多媒体流的新协议TFRC[J],山西电子技术,2003(4):54-57.
27.Wang Z,Shi B X,Zhao E D.Bandwidth Delay Constrainted Least Cost Multicast Routing Based on Heuristic Genetic Algorithm.Computer Communications,2001,(24):685-692.
28.王攀,王远峰,张顺颐.IP流量统计方法及实现[J],南京邮电学院学报,2002(7):167-170.
29.邵闻珠,郑瑶,张丽.Linux下网络流量统计的实现[J],石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2004(4):237-241.
30.徐绍岽.用NetFlow技术进行大型IP网络流量统计分析.铁道通信信号[J].2005,41(10):345-360.
31.王逸欣,王锐,樊爱华,唐川.P2P流量检测技术初探.计算机与数字工程[J].第34卷(2006)第6期:161-164.
32.A.B.Roach.Session Initiation Protocol(SIP)-Specific Event Notification.RFC 3265,Interact Engineering Task Force,June 2002.
33.Stefan Birrer Fabi'an E.Bustamante.The Feasibility of DHT-based Streaming Multicast[J].Department of Computer Science Northwestern University,Evanston,IL 60201,USA,2006(13):122-129.
34.K.P.Birman,M.Hayden,O.Ozkasap,Z.Xiao,M.Budiu,and Y.Minsky,"Bimodal multicast," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems,vol.17,no.2,pp.41-88,May 1999.
35.Karl Aberer,Manfred Hauswirth.An Overview on Peer-to-Peer Information System.Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(EPFL),Switzerland.2005(8):467-469.
36.P.Francis.Yoid:Your Own Internet Distribution[EBOL],http://www.aciri.org/yoid/.April 2000.
37.F.B.Schneider.Byzantine Generals in action:Implementing fail-stop processors.ACM transactions on Computer Systems,2(2),pages 145 - 154,1984.
38.J.Rosenberg,H.Schnlzrinne,G.Camarillo,A,Johnston,J.Peterson,R.Sparks,M.Handley,and E.Schooler.SIP:Session Initiation Protocol.RFC 3261,Internet Engineering Task Force,June 2002.
39.H.Sugano,S.Fujimoto,G.Klyne,A.Bateman,W.Carr,and J.Peterson.Presence Information Data Format(PIDF).Internet-Draft draft-ietf-impp-cpim-pidf-08,Internet Engineering Task Force,May 2003.Work in progess.
40.H.Khartabil,E.Leppanen,M.Lonnfors,J.Costa-Requena,Functional Description of Event Notification Filtering draft-ietf-simple-event-filter-funct-05.March 15,2005.
2.H.Schulzrinne Columbia University S.Casner Packet Design R.Frederick Blue Coat Systems Inc.V.Jacobson Packet Design"A transport protocol for real-time applications",July 2003 Available:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3550.txt
3.QTSS.pdf apple公司Darwin流媒体服务器帮助文档 http://www.apple.com.
4.V.Jacobson ISI/LBNL."Session Description Protocol",RFC 2327,April 1998,Available:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2327.txt
5.J.Rosenberg dynamicsoft H.Schulzrinne Columbia U." An Offer/Answer Model with the Session Description Protocol(SDP)" June 2002.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3264.txt
6.J.Rosenberg dynamicsoft H.Sehulzrinne Columbia U.G.Camarillo Ericsson A.Johnston WorldCom J.Peterson Neustar R.Sparks dynamicsoft M.Handley ICIR E.Schooler AT&T "Session Initiation Protocol" June 2002 Avaiable:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
7.WAP Forum"Wireless application protocol Multimeida messaging service client transaction specifications" WAP-206-MMSCTR-20020115-a January 2002
8.3GPP "3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects;IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS);Stage 2(Release 8)".September 2007.
9.R.Fielding UC Irvine J.Gettys Compaq/W3C J.Mogul Compaq H.Frystyk W3C/MIT L.Masinter Xerox P.Leach Microsoft T.Berners-Lee W3C/MIT"Hypertext transfer protocol-HTTP1.1"RFC2616 June 1999,Available:http://www.ietf.org/rfe/rfc2327.txt
10.Juhee Hong,Hocheol Sung,Jungwook Song,Sunyoung Han.[J]Optizimization Scheme for Streaming Service Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Software Technologies for Future Embeded Systems.2003
11.Simo Gratschew,Janne Raitaniemi,Jorma Ylinen and Pekka Loula.[J]A multimedia Messaging Platform for Content Delivering.
12.M.A.Jovanovic,F.S.Annexstein,and K.A.Berman.Scalability issues in large peer-to-peer networks:A case study of Gnutella[EB/OL],http://www.ececs.com,2004-4-9.
13.SIPForum.http://sipforum.org/.
14.WAPForum.http://wapforum.org/.
15.Clan W.bittorrent 协议规范[EB/OL].http://www.bittorrent.org/protocol.html.2006-5-8.
16.石江明,谢文军,黄善国.流媒体业务模型及其传输[J],中兴通讯技术,2006(6):12-14.
17.陈增发.流媒体及其应用[J],科技资讯,2006(31):145-149.
18.S.Q.Zhuang,B.Y.Zhao,A.D.Joseph,R.Katz,and J.Kubiatowicz.Bayeux:An architecture for scalable and fault tolerant wide-area data dissemination[A],In Proc.of the Eleventh International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video(NOSSDAV 2001)[C],Fort Jefferson,NY,June 2001,121-130.
19.B.Zhao,J.Kubiatowicz,and A.Joseph.Tapestry:An infrastructure for fault-tolerant wide-area location and routing[R],Technical Report UCB/CSD-01-1141,Computer Science Division,U.C.Berkeley,April 2001.
20.K.P.Birman,M.Hayden,O.Ozkasap,Z.Xiao,M.Budiu,and Y.Minsky.Bimodal multicast[J],ACM Transactions on Computer Systems,1999,17(2):41-48.
21.D.Kostic,A.Rodriguez,J.R.Albrecht,A.Vahdat.Bullet:high bandwidth data dissemination using an overlay mesh[A],In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles[C],October 2003,282-297.
22.Miguel Castro,Peter Druschel,Anne-Made Kermarrec,Animesh Nandi,Antony Rowstron,and Atul Singh.Splitstream:High-bandwidth Content Distribution in Cooperative Environments[A],In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles[C],October 2003.
23.Castro M,Druschel P,Kermarrec A-M,Rowstron A.SCRIBE:A large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure[J],IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications(JSAC),2002.
24.Rowstron A,Druschel P.Pastry:Scalable,distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems[A].In:Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms(Middleware)[C].2001.329-350.
25.Venkata N.Padmanabhan,Helen J.Wang,Philip A.Chou.Resilient Peer-to-Peer Streaming[A].In 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols(ICNP'03)[C]November 04 - 07,2003 Atlanta,Georgia.
26.姜海,闫英明.传输实时多媒体流的新协议TFRC[J],山西电子技术,2003(4):54-57.
27.Wang Z,Shi B X,Zhao E D.Bandwidth Delay Constrainted Least Cost Multicast Routing Based on Heuristic Genetic Algorithm.Computer Communications,2001,(24):685-692.
28.王攀,王远峰,张顺颐.IP流量统计方法及实现[J],南京邮电学院学报,2002(7):167-170.
29.邵闻珠,郑瑶,张丽.Linux下网络流量统计的实现[J],石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2004(4):237-241.
30.徐绍岽.用NetFlow技术进行大型IP网络流量统计分析.铁道通信信号[J].2005,41(10):345-360.
31.王逸欣,王锐,樊爱华,唐川.P2P流量检测技术初探.计算机与数字工程[J].第34卷(2006)第6期:161-164.
32.A.B.Roach.Session Initiation Protocol(SIP)-Specific Event Notification.RFC 3265,Interact Engineering Task Force,June 2002.
33.Stefan Birrer Fabi'an E.Bustamante.The Feasibility of DHT-based Streaming Multicast[J].Department of Computer Science Northwestern University,Evanston,IL 60201,USA,2006(13):122-129.
34.K.P.Birman,M.Hayden,O.Ozkasap,Z.Xiao,M.Budiu,and Y.Minsky,"Bimodal multicast," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems,vol.17,no.2,pp.41-88,May 1999.
35.Karl Aberer,Manfred Hauswirth.An Overview on Peer-to-Peer Information System.Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(EPFL),Switzerland.2005(8):467-469.
36.P.Francis.Yoid:Your Own Internet Distribution[EBOL],http://www.aciri.org/yoid/.April 2000.
37.F.B.Schneider.Byzantine Generals in action:Implementing fail-stop processors.ACM transactions on Computer Systems,2(2),pages 145 - 154,1984.
38.J.Rosenberg,H.Schnlzrinne,G.Camarillo,A,Johnston,J.Peterson,R.Sparks,M.Handley,and E.Schooler.SIP:Session Initiation Protocol.RFC 3261,Internet Engineering Task Force,June 2002.
39.H.Sugano,S.Fujimoto,G.Klyne,A.Bateman,W.Carr,and J.Peterson.Presence Information Data Format(PIDF).Internet-Draft draft-ietf-impp-cpim-pidf-08,Internet Engineering Task Force,May 2003.Work in progess.
40.H.Khartabil,E.Leppanen,M.Lonnfors,J.Costa-Requena,Functional Description of Event Notification Filtering draft-ietf-simple-event-filter-funct-05.March 15,2005.