大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工控制研究
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摘要
预应力混凝土连续刚构桥以强度高、线形明快、施工简便快捷、跨越能力强的优势在大跨度桥梁中具有广泛的应用。
大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥常常采用对称悬臂浇筑法施工。在悬臂施工过程中，桥梁结构受多种因素的影响，如混凝土的收缩和徐变、设计参数与实际数值的差异、施工误差、测量误差、温度变化等。因此采用悬臂浇筑法施工必然给桥梁结构带来非常复杂的内力和位移变化。为了保证桥梁施工质量和桥梁建设安全，确保连续梁桥成桥后的主梁线形和结构内力符合设计要求，使连续刚构桥的实际状态与设计状态尽可能相符，桥梁施工控制是不可缺少的。
本文在分析总结国内外大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥发展和施工控制技术的基础上，对预应力连续刚构桥的特点、施工方法进行概括介绍。以云南保龙高速公路某连续刚构桥为工程背景，对悬臂浇筑的预应力施工、合拢段施工等技术及平行桁架式挂篮的设计进行了研究。
本文结合该连续刚构桥实际工程，对该桥悬臂浇筑施工过程进行线形控制和应力控制研究，对施工控制理论在工程实践中的具体运用进行了详细的分析，采用大型计算软件MIDAS／CIVIL对全桥逐段悬臂施工进行仿真分析模拟，对施工各个阶段进行调整控制。在线形控制中，通过对模型分析计算，得到了施工预拱度与成桥预拱度值，提出了立模标高的计算公式，从合拢结果来看达到了设计的线形，说明了计算结果的正确性。在应力控制中，由模型计算得到了施工各阶段的箱梁理论应力值，经过比较分析，实测应力值与理论应力值基本吻合，达到了对该桥应力控制的目的。最后，提出了一种桥梁长期状态的远程无线监控系统方案，该系统是一种全自动无人值守测量、无线数据传输的综合静态数据采集系统，可广泛应用于桥梁、建筑、铁路、大坝等工程领域。
The prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge is widely used because of its high strength, lightful line type, convenient and fast construction, long-span ability.
The long-span prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge adopts symmetrical cantilever pouring construction often. During the process of the balanced cantilever construction, the bridge structure is influenced by various factors, such as shrinkage, creep and temperature change of concrete, design parameter and actual difference, construction error, survey error, and so on. Adopting the cantilever pouring construction like this must result in very complicated change of the internal forces and displacements in the bridge. In order to guarantee that the construction quality of the bridge and are safe in construction, and ensure that the girder line shape after the continuous beam bridge be completed and structure internal force accord with the designing requirement, and make the real state that just constructed the bridge in succession conform as much as possible with designed the state, it is indispensable that the bridge construction control.
The paper through analysis and summing-up the development of the long-span prestressed concrete continuous frame bridge and the construction control techniques in our country and abroad, to introduce and summarize the characteristics and construction method of the prestressed continuous rigid frame bridge. The continuous rigid frame bridge in Bao—long freeway in Yunnan as the project background, to study the prestressed force construction in cantilever pouring, the closure sector construction of technology and the parallel truss basket structure design and choice.
This text combines the project practice of the continuous rigid frame bridge, has studied the process of the linearity control and the stress control in this bridge cantilever pouring construction, to analyze on detailed the exertion of the control theory in the project practice. Applications large-scale calculation software MIDAS/CIVIL in the bridge to imitate and analyze the cantilever segmental construction, to adjust and control each constructing stages. In the line shape control, through simulation analyze and calculating, to gained pre-camber of construction and pre-camber of completed stage, and propose the calculation formula of the elevation of the form board, to achieve the design linearity through the closure result. In the stress control, calculated and to gain the box girder theory stress in each constructing stages by the model, through comparative analysis, it is identical basically to survey stress value and theory stress value, to achieve the purpose of the stress control in this bridge. Finally, this paper puts forward a scheme of long-distance wireless monitor system for long-term status of bridge. This is a comprehensive static data collecting system with full-automatic survey of unmanned-keep watch and wireless data transmission. It can be widely used on many kinds of project fields, such as bridge, architecture, railway, dam, etc.
大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥常常采用对称悬臂浇筑法施工。在悬臂施工过程中，桥梁结构受多种因素的影响，如混凝土的收缩和徐变、设计参数与实际数值的差异、施工误差、测量误差、温度变化等。因此采用悬臂浇筑法施工必然给桥梁结构带来非常复杂的内力和位移变化。为了保证桥梁施工质量和桥梁建设安全，确保连续梁桥成桥后的主梁线形和结构内力符合设计要求，使连续刚构桥的实际状态与设计状态尽可能相符，桥梁施工控制是不可缺少的。
本文在分析总结国内外大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥发展和施工控制技术的基础上，对预应力连续刚构桥的特点、施工方法进行概括介绍。以云南保龙高速公路某连续刚构桥为工程背景，对悬臂浇筑的预应力施工、合拢段施工等技术及平行桁架式挂篮的设计进行了研究。
本文结合该连续刚构桥实际工程，对该桥悬臂浇筑施工过程进行线形控制和应力控制研究，对施工控制理论在工程实践中的具体运用进行了详细的分析，采用大型计算软件MIDAS／CIVIL对全桥逐段悬臂施工进行仿真分析模拟，对施工各个阶段进行调整控制。在线形控制中，通过对模型分析计算，得到了施工预拱度与成桥预拱度值，提出了立模标高的计算公式，从合拢结果来看达到了设计的线形，说明了计算结果的正确性。在应力控制中，由模型计算得到了施工各阶段的箱梁理论应力值，经过比较分析，实测应力值与理论应力值基本吻合，达到了对该桥应力控制的目的。最后，提出了一种桥梁长期状态的远程无线监控系统方案，该系统是一种全自动无人值守测量、无线数据传输的综合静态数据采集系统，可广泛应用于桥梁、建筑、铁路、大坝等工程领域。
The prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge is widely used because of its high strength, lightful line type, convenient and fast construction, long-span ability.
The long-span prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge adopts symmetrical cantilever pouring construction often. During the process of the balanced cantilever construction, the bridge structure is influenced by various factors, such as shrinkage, creep and temperature change of concrete, design parameter and actual difference, construction error, survey error, and so on. Adopting the cantilever pouring construction like this must result in very complicated change of the internal forces and displacements in the bridge. In order to guarantee that the construction quality of the bridge and are safe in construction, and ensure that the girder line shape after the continuous beam bridge be completed and structure internal force accord with the designing requirement, and make the real state that just constructed the bridge in succession conform as much as possible with designed the state, it is indispensable that the bridge construction control.
The paper through analysis and summing-up the development of the long-span prestressed concrete continuous frame bridge and the construction control techniques in our country and abroad, to introduce and summarize the characteristics and construction method of the prestressed continuous rigid frame bridge. The continuous rigid frame bridge in Bao—long freeway in Yunnan as the project background, to study the prestressed force construction in cantilever pouring, the closure sector construction of technology and the parallel truss basket structure design and choice.
This text combines the project practice of the continuous rigid frame bridge, has studied the process of the linearity control and the stress control in this bridge cantilever pouring construction, to analyze on detailed the exertion of the control theory in the project practice. Applications large-scale calculation software MIDAS/CIVIL in the bridge to imitate and analyze the cantilever segmental construction, to adjust and control each constructing stages. In the line shape control, through simulation analyze and calculating, to gained pre-camber of construction and pre-camber of completed stage, and propose the calculation formula of the elevation of the form board, to achieve the design linearity through the closure result. In the stress control, calculated and to gain the box girder theory stress in each constructing stages by the model, through comparative analysis, it is identical basically to survey stress value and theory stress value, to achieve the purpose of the stress control in this bridge. Finally, this paper puts forward a scheme of long-distance wireless monitor system for long-term status of bridge. This is a comprehensive static data collecting system with full-automatic survey of unmanned-keep watch and wireless data transmission. It can be widely used on many kinds of project fields, such as bridge, architecture, railway, dam, etc.
引文
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[2] 向中富．桥梁施工控制技术[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[3] Zhou Junsheng, Lou Zhuanghong. Status and developing trends of large-span Prestressed concrete bridges with continuous rigid frame structure[C]. Beijing Jianda Road and Bridge Consulting Co, China, 2000
[4] 刘胜春．大跨度预应力混凝土刚构桥施工控制技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学，2001，10
[5] 刘作霖，徐兴玉等．预应力T型刚构桥[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1982
[6] 王文涛．刚构—连续组合梁桥[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1995
[7] 林智敏．大跨径预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工控制研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：西南交通大学，2005，5
[8] 苏武．预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工中的结构分析及线形控制：[硕士学位论文]．西安：西安建筑科技大学，2005，2
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[10] 刘建勋．三滩黄河大桥施工监控技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．西安：长安大学，2000，12
[11] 杨胜．高墩大跨连续刚构桥悬臂施工线形控制及应力监控研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：长沙理工大学，2006，5
[12] 张继尧，王昌将．悬臂浇筑预应力混凝土连续梁桥[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2004
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[16] 陈密．高墩大跨连续刚构关键技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：西南交通大学，2005
[17] 张正金．高墩大跨连续刚构桥的施工技术与过程控制：[硕士学位论文]．上海：上海交通大学，2006，7
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[21]Maeda K,Otsuka A,Takano H.The design and construction of the Yokoha-ma Bay Bridge[A].Tokyo:Elsevier Science Publishers,1991:377-395
[22]Marl AntonioR,Valdes Manuel.Long-term behavior of continuous precast concrete girder bridge model[]].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2000,5(1):22-30
[23]Gaicedo J.M,Marulanda J,Thomson P,Dyke S.J.Monitoring of bridges to detect changes in structural health[J].Proceedings of the American Control Conference,2001,1:453-458
[24]吴健．高墩大跨连续刚构桥线形控制：[硕士学位论文]．西安：长安大学，2005，6
[25]邹海云．大跨径预应力混凝土连续梁桥施工控制技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．西安：长安大学，2003，6
[26]李盼到．红枫湖特大桥施工控制：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，2004，6
[27]徐君兰．大跨度桥梁施工控制[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[28]苏智．大跨度连续刚构桥的施工仿真计算和参数影响分析：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：长沙理工大学，2005，5
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[2] 向中富．桥梁施工控制技术[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[3] Zhou Junsheng, Lou Zhuanghong. Status and developing trends of large-span Prestressed concrete bridges with continuous rigid frame structure[C]. Beijing Jianda Road and Bridge Consulting Co, China, 2000
[4] 刘胜春．大跨度预应力混凝土刚构桥施工控制技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学，2001，10
[5] 刘作霖，徐兴玉等．预应力T型刚构桥[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1982
[6] 王文涛．刚构—连续组合梁桥[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1995
[7] 林智敏．大跨径预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工控制研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：西南交通大学，2005，5
[8] 苏武．预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工中的结构分析及线形控制：[硕士学位论文]．西安：西安建筑科技大学，2005，2
[9] 周军生，楼庄鸿．大跨径预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的现状和发展趋势．中国公路学报， 2002，1．13(1)：31～37
[10] 刘建勋．三滩黄河大桥施工监控技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．西安：长安大学，2000，12
[11] 杨胜．高墩大跨连续刚构桥悬臂施工线形控制及应力监控研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：长沙理工大学，2006，5
[12] 张继尧，王昌将．悬臂浇筑预应力混凝土连续梁桥[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2004
[13] S.J. Thoman, C.M. Redfield, R.E. Hollenbeck, Load Test Of Single Cell Box Girdger Cantilever Deck, J. Serut Engineering Div asce, 110(6), Aug 1984
[14] 马保林．高墩大跨连续刚构桥[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[15] 白光耀．大跨度连续刚构桥的施工监控与结构仿真分析：[硕士学位论文]．南宁：广西大学，2006，5
[16] 陈密．高墩大跨连续刚构关键技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：西南交通大学，2005
[17] 张正金．高墩大跨连续刚构桥的施工技术与过程控制：[硕士学位论文]．上海：上海交通大学，2006，7
[18] 范立础等．桥梁工程(上、下册)．北京：人民交通出版社，1988
[19] 张治成．大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥施工控制研究：[博士学位论文]．杭州：浙江大学， 2004，4
[20]He Xiongjun,Shen Chenwu.Adjustment of Buckle-cable Forces Under Cable-hoisting Construction of Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridges.Journal of Wuhan Transportation University,1999,23(5):575-578
[21]Maeda K,Otsuka A,Takano H.The design and construction of the Yokoha-ma Bay Bridge[A].Tokyo:Elsevier Science Publishers,1991:377-395
[22]Marl AntonioR,Valdes Manuel.Long-term behavior of continuous precast concrete girder bridge model[]].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2000,5(1):22-30
[23]Gaicedo J.M,Marulanda J,Thomson P,Dyke S.J.Monitoring of bridges to detect changes in structural health[J].Proceedings of the American Control Conference,2001,1:453-458
[24]吴健．高墩大跨连续刚构桥线形控制：[硕士学位论文]．西安：长安大学，2005，6
[25]邹海云．大跨径预应力混凝土连续梁桥施工控制技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．西安：长安大学，2003，6
[26]李盼到．红枫湖特大桥施工控制：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，2004，6
[27]徐君兰．大跨度桥梁施工控制[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[28]苏智．大跨度连续刚构桥的施工仿真计算和参数影响分析：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：长沙理工大学，2005，5
[29]云南保龙高速公路建设指挥部．云南保山～龙陵高速公路T型连续刚构桥施工监控技术标准．2005，7
[30]H.S.Chiu.Long-Term Deflection Control in Cantilever Prestressed Concrete Bridges,Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,122(6),1996
[31]F.Sakai,A.Isoe & A.Umeda.A new methodology for Control of Construction accuracy in Cable-Stayed Bridge.Proceedings of 3rdEASEC, Shanghai,China,1991
[32]J.I.Park,et al.Control System and Postprocessing in Erection of Composite Cable-stayed Bridge.Proceedings of Deauville Conference,Cable-Stayed Bridges and Suspension Bridges,1994
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