银杏种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP研究
摘要
以来自国内外的90个银杏种质为材料,采用CTAB法提取幼嫩银杏叶片总DNA,从64对EcoRI/MseI引物(其中Msel引物为荧光标记物)中筛选出7-8对清晰、多态性高的引物,对90个银杏材料的遗传多样性进行了AFLP分析。采用GeneScan3.1软件对图像进行处理,构建0、1数学矩阵。利用POPGENE32 version1.32软件计算遗传多样性指数,采用NTSYS.pc2.11f计算软件,得到Dice相似性系数矩阵,并用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,研究结果如下:
(1)利用8对引物首次对来自美国、荷兰、日本、法国和我国的21个银杏观赏品种的遗传多样性进行了研究,共产生1117条谱带,229个特异位点(包括单态带单态带175条和缺失带54条),多态带983条,多态带的比例为88%;每对引物鉴别效率为100%。品种之间的相似系数为0.49-0.84。当相似系数为0.73时,供试观赏品种可分为四类。聚类结果表明:品种并没有全部按来源地聚类,各来源地的品种之间存在着广泛的交流。来源地相同的品种并不单独聚成一类,中国和法国的品种分别属于其中的三类。根据对观赏品种的特异位点、相似系数、聚类结果等进行综合分析表明,‘塔形银杏’、‘垂乳银杏’、‘筒叶银杏’、‘大耳银杏’、‘斑叶银杏’、‘展冠银杏’、‘垂枝银杏’、‘沂源叶籽银杏1’这8个品种是银杏观赏品种中的重要特异种质。14个国外银杏观赏种质平均多态带的比例高于7个国内种质。
(2)首次利用7对引物对对来自国内的29个银杏雄株种质的遗传多样性进行了研究,7对引物共产生1173条谱带,187个特异位点和1145条多态带,多态带的比例平均为97.6%。每对引物鉴别效率达到100%。所有种质之间相似系数在0.38-0.82之间,所试种质遗传变异大。当相似系数为0.51时,全部种质可以分为2大类,山东的大部分种质聚为一类。‘天目山6’、‘宁国2’、‘郯城5’可能是比较原始的种质。29个国内雄株的遗传多样性略高于21个银杏观赏种质。
(3)利用7对引物对来自国内外的49个银杏雌株种质的遗传多样性进行了研究,共产生1219条谱带,131个特异位点(包括单态带120条和缺失带11条),多态带1200条,多态性为98.44%。每对引物的鉴别效率为100%。各雌株种质之间相似系数在0.39-0.83之间。在SC=0.51、0.64处,供试材料分为2类和7类,所试山东银杏雌株种质占总类型的100%,山东银杏雌株种质存在着较宽的遗传基础。49个国内雌株的遗
Ninety germplasms of Ginkgo biloba from foreign and domestic countries were used as tested materials, genomic DNA of them were extracted using the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Seven-eight primer combinations that produced clearly and highly polymorphic bands were screened from 64 EcoRI/MseI primer combinations (MseI fluorescent labeled). The genetic diversity of 90 germplasms of G. biloba from the U. S., Holland, Japan, France and China was analyzed. Band patterns were dealt with Genescan3.1 software (Apllied Biosystems, Foster city, CA. USA), the binary data matrix was constructed. The Dice similarity coefficient (SC) matrix was obtained by using NTSYS.pc2.11f software (Apllied Biosystems, Setauket, NY. USA), and cluster analysis based on SC matrix was performed with unweighted pair-group methods of arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The results were obtained as following:
Genetic diversity of ornamental cultivars of G. biloba: The genetic diversity of twenty-one G. biloba ornamental cultivars from the U S, Holland, Japan, France and China was analyzed with 8 primer combinations. These primer combinations produced a total of 1119 bands, 229 specific loci (including 54 absent bands, 175 monomorphic bands), 983 polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB) was 88%, and the identification percentage (IP) per primer combination was 100%. Genetic similarity coefficient (SC) among all cultivars varied from 0.49 to 0.84, and all cultivars were divided into four clusters when SC was set at 0.73. The cultivars from the same origin did not fall into the same group. The cultivars from France and China were classified into three groups, respectively. According to the comprehensive analysis based on specific loci, similarity coefficient, and clustering results, 8 cultivars‘Fastigiata’,‘Tit’,‘Tubifolia’,‘Daeryinxing’,‘Variegata’,‘Horizontalis,‘Pendula’, and‘Yiyuanyeziyinxing’were considered to be important germplasms of ornamental cultivars of Ginkgo biloba. The average PPB (35.86%) of 14 foreign G. biloba ornamental cultivars was higher than that (31.51%) of 7 domestic G. biloba ornamental cultivars.
(1)利用8对引物首次对来自美国、荷兰、日本、法国和我国的21个银杏观赏品种的遗传多样性进行了研究,共产生1117条谱带,229个特异位点(包括单态带单态带175条和缺失带54条),多态带983条,多态带的比例为88%;每对引物鉴别效率为100%。品种之间的相似系数为0.49-0.84。当相似系数为0.73时,供试观赏品种可分为四类。聚类结果表明:品种并没有全部按来源地聚类,各来源地的品种之间存在着广泛的交流。来源地相同的品种并不单独聚成一类,中国和法国的品种分别属于其中的三类。根据对观赏品种的特异位点、相似系数、聚类结果等进行综合分析表明,‘塔形银杏’、‘垂乳银杏’、‘筒叶银杏’、‘大耳银杏’、‘斑叶银杏’、‘展冠银杏’、‘垂枝银杏’、‘沂源叶籽银杏1’这8个品种是银杏观赏品种中的重要特异种质。14个国外银杏观赏种质平均多态带的比例高于7个国内种质。
(2)首次利用7对引物对对来自国内的29个银杏雄株种质的遗传多样性进行了研究,7对引物共产生1173条谱带,187个特异位点和1145条多态带,多态带的比例平均为97.6%。每对引物鉴别效率达到100%。所有种质之间相似系数在0.38-0.82之间,所试种质遗传变异大。当相似系数为0.51时,全部种质可以分为2大类,山东的大部分种质聚为一类。‘天目山6’、‘宁国2’、‘郯城5’可能是比较原始的种质。29个国内雄株的遗传多样性略高于21个银杏观赏种质。
(3)利用7对引物对来自国内外的49个银杏雌株种质的遗传多样性进行了研究,共产生1219条谱带,131个特异位点(包括单态带120条和缺失带11条),多态带1200条,多态性为98.44%。每对引物的鉴别效率为100%。各雌株种质之间相似系数在0.39-0.83之间。在SC=0.51、0.64处,供试材料分为2类和7类,所试山东银杏雌株种质占总类型的100%,山东银杏雌株种质存在着较宽的遗传基础。49个国内雌株的遗
Ninety germplasms of Ginkgo biloba from foreign and domestic countries were used as tested materials, genomic DNA of them were extracted using the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Seven-eight primer combinations that produced clearly and highly polymorphic bands were screened from 64 EcoRI/MseI primer combinations (MseI fluorescent labeled). The genetic diversity of 90 germplasms of G. biloba from the U. S., Holland, Japan, France and China was analyzed. Band patterns were dealt with Genescan3.1 software (Apllied Biosystems, Foster city, CA. USA), the binary data matrix was constructed. The Dice similarity coefficient (SC) matrix was obtained by using NTSYS.pc2.11f software (Apllied Biosystems, Setauket, NY. USA), and cluster analysis based on SC matrix was performed with unweighted pair-group methods of arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The results were obtained as following:
Genetic diversity of ornamental cultivars of G. biloba: The genetic diversity of twenty-one G. biloba ornamental cultivars from the U S, Holland, Japan, France and China was analyzed with 8 primer combinations. These primer combinations produced a total of 1119 bands, 229 specific loci (including 54 absent bands, 175 monomorphic bands), 983 polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB) was 88%, and the identification percentage (IP) per primer combination was 100%. Genetic similarity coefficient (SC) among all cultivars varied from 0.49 to 0.84, and all cultivars were divided into four clusters when SC was set at 0.73. The cultivars from the same origin did not fall into the same group. The cultivars from France and China were classified into three groups, respectively. According to the comprehensive analysis based on specific loci, similarity coefficient, and clustering results, 8 cultivars‘Fastigiata’,‘Tit’,‘Tubifolia’,‘Daeryinxing’,‘Variegata’,‘Horizontalis,‘Pendula’, and‘Yiyuanyeziyinxing’were considered to be important germplasms of ornamental cultivars of Ginkgo biloba. The average PPB (35.86%) of 14 foreign G. biloba ornamental cultivars was higher than that (31.51%) of 7 domestic G. biloba ornamental cultivars.
引文
1 哀建国, 邱英雄, 余久华, 陈小荣, 丁炳扬. 百山祖冷杉的 ISSR 分析优化和遗传多样性初步研究. 浙江大学学报, 2005, 31(3): 277-282
2 鲍露, 徐昌杰, 江文彬, 陈履荣, 陈昆松. 葡萄 AFLP 技术体系建立及其在超藤与藤稔葡萄品种鉴别中的应用. 果树学报, 2005, 22(4): 422-425
3 毕春侠, 郭军战, 杨培华. 银杏品种过氧化物同工酶酶谱分析. 陕西林业科技, 1998, 4: 1-3
4 曹福亮. 中国银杏. 江苏科学技术出版社, 2002
5 曹福亮, 黄敏仁, 桂仁意, 汪贵斌. 银杏主要栽培品种遗传多样性分析. 南京林业大学学报, 2005, 29(6): 1-6
6 曹庆芹, 伊华林, 邓秀新. 两种柑橘线粒体的获得与 AFLP 分析. 园艺学报, 2003, 30(4): 389-393
7 陈可泳. 银杏染色体的 Giemsa C-带技术. 植物学集刊, 1983,1: 267-270
8 陈灵芝等. 中国的生物多样性现状及保护对策. 北京: 科学技术出版社, 1993
9 陈平平. 银杏性别及其研究进展. 生物学通报, 1997, 32(12): 7-8
10 陈瑞阳, 宋文芹, 李秀兰. 银杏性染色体研究, 在: 中国银杏研究会,全国首届银杏学术研讨会论文集, 湖北科学技术出版社, 1992: 21-29
11 陈文强, 邓百万, 丁锐, 吴三桥, 李新生. 天麻 3 种变型过氧化物酶的同工酶研究. 应用植物学报, 2005, 25(8): 1665-1668
12 陈学森, 邓秀新, 章文才等. 中国银杏品种资源染色体数目及核型研究初报. 华中农业大学学报, 1996, 15(6): 590-593
13 陈学森, 章文才. 中国银杏种质资源研究进展. 山东林业科技, 1997, 4:1-3
14 陈月琴, 庄 丽, 屈良鹄等. “活化石”植物银杏形态与分子进化( Ⅰ). 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 38(11):16-19
15 程中平, 陈志伟, 胡春根, 邓秀新. 黄肉桃种质资源的 RAPD 分析. 遗传, 2003, 25(1):49- 56
16 崔堂兵. 银杏黄酮和内酯在银杏细胞培养中积累的调控及其药理研究. 华南理工大学, 博士论文, 20020201
17 邓俭英, 刘忠, 康德贤, 张玲玲, 王绪, 方锋学. RFLP 分子标记及其在蔬菜研究中的应用. 分子植物育种, 2005, 3(2): 245-248
18 丁锐. 黑稻主要栽培种过氧化物酶同工酶的研究. 西北农业学报报, 2005, 14(4): 22-25
19 杜希华, 范志强, 李君等. 过氧化物酶同工酶与银杏性别及年龄的关系. 山东林业科技, 1997, 4: 4-6
20 段惠, 强胜, 苏秀红, 吴海荣, 朱云枝, 刘琳莉. 用 AFLP 技术分析紫茎泽兰的遗传多样性. 生态学报, 2005, 25(8): 2109-2114
21 董玉琛, 曹永生, 张学勇等. 中国普通小麦初选核心种质的产生. 植物遗传资源学报, 2003, 4(1): 1-8
22 樊晓霞. 银杏叶绿体 DNA 系统地理学研究. 华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2005
23 房经贵, 乔玉山, 章镇. AFLP 在芒果品种鉴定中的应用. 广西植物, 2001, 21(3): 281-283
24高进红, 邢世岩, 姜岳忠, 李世美. 银杏观赏品种的核型分析. 山东农业大学学报, 2005, 36(1): 19-24.
25 高志红, 章镇, 韩振海, 房经贵. 中国果梅核心种质的构建与检测. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(2): 363-368
26 葛永奇, 邱英雄, 丁炳扬, 傅承新. 孑遗植物银杏群体遗传多样性的分析. 生物多样性, 2003, 11(4): 276-287
27 郭基善. 中国果树志.银杏卷. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 19931.韩振海等. 落叶果树种质资源学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1995.
28 郝朝运, 郭卫东, 刘鹏. 七子花种群遗传多样性和遗传分化的 RAPD 分析. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(3): 4l3-4l7
29 何梅, 李懋学. 银杏雌株染色体 Ag-NOR 的研究. 遗传, 1996, 18(3): 3-5
30 胡蕙露. 银杏 N+离子诱变相关育种效应研究. 安徽农业大学学报, 1998, 25(3): 296-299
31 胡先骕. 水松, 水杉, 银杏. 生物学通报, 1954, 12: 12-15
32 黄曙光, 乌云塔娜, 谭晓风. 李品种的 RAPD 分析. 中南林学院学报, 2005, 25(4): 46-49
33 侯永翠, 颜泽洪, 兰秀锦, 魏育明, 郑有良. 利用 RAMP 和 ISSR 标记分析大麦种质资源的遗传多样性. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(12): 2555-2565
34 吉冈金市.イチヨウの接木交杂. 果树の接木交杂によゐ新种·新品种育の理论と实际. 第Ⅰ卷.新科学文献刊行会, 1967: 143-228
35 金守仁. 银杏ㄩ- 类染色体 O-‖关研究. 韩国林学会志, 1995, 84(2):131-144
36 类承斌, 万勇善, 刘风珍. 分子标记技术在花生上的应用研究. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(8): 36-40
37 李鸿勋. 银杏雌雄株鉴别初报. 园艺学报, 1965, 4(1): 58-59
38 李娟, 江昌俊, 王朝霞. 中国茶树初选核心种质遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 遗传, 2005, 27(5): 765-771
39 李娟, 江昌俊. 中国茶树核心种质的初步构建. 安徽农业大学学报, 2004, 31(3): 282-287
40 栗琪, 李作洲, 黄宏文. 猕猴桃野生居群的 SSR 分析初报. 武汉植物学研究,2004, 22(2): 175-178
41 李天红. 桃遗传资源核心种质的研究. 中国农学通报, 2005, 27(8): 296-298
42 李霞, 刁家连, 李书华, 杨林, 李芳, 魏秀华, 包艳存. 芦笋种质资源遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2005, 6(3): 310-314
43 李星学. 植物界的发展和演化. 科学出版社, 1981: 138-142
44 李晓东, 黄宏文, 李建强. 孑遗植物水杉的遗传多样性研究. 生物多样性, 2003, 11(2): 100-108
45 李晓玲, 李金泉, 刘桂富, 胡晋. 整合质量数量性状构建作物核心种质的策略研究. 浙江大学学报, 2005, 31(4): 362-367
46 李育农. 现代世界苹果属植物分类新体系色议. 果树科学, 1996, 13(增刊): 65-68
47 李正理. 最近十年(1949~1959)关于银杏的形态解剖学及细胞学上的研究. 植物学报, 1959, 8(4): 262-270
48 李自超, 张洪亮, 曾亚文等. 云南地方稻种资源核心种质取样方案研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 33(5): 1-7
49 林协. 银杏的起源与分布. 生物学通报, 1965, 3: 32-33
50 刘慧春. 随州古银杏遗传多样性的 RAPD 及 ISSR 的分析. 华中农业大学硕士论文,2005
51 刘叔倩, 马小军, 郑俊华. 银杏不同变异类型的 RAPD 指纹研究. 中国中药杂志, 2001, 26(12): 822-825
52 刘勇, 吴波, 刘德春, 孙中海. 江西柑橘地方品种资源及野生近缘种 SSR 分子标记. 江西农业大学学报, 2005, 27(4): 486-490
53 陆海, 王沙生, 李义等. 银杏木质部特异定位表达基因启动子克隆. 北京林业大学学报, 2001, 23(4): 10-12
54 鹿金颖, 毛永民, 申莲英, 彭士琪, 刘敏. 用 AFLP 分子标记鉴定冬枣自然授粉实生后代杂种的研究. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(4): l80-l83
55 吕英民, 吕增仁, 高锁柱. 杏品种过氧化物酶同工酶的研究. 河北农业大学学报, 1994, 17(2): 15-18
56 罗建勋, 顾万春, 姚平. 云杉现有天然林的遗传分化和种源区划分. 西北农林科技大学学报, 2005, 33(12): 78-84
57 马艳, 马荣才. 扁桃种质资源的 AFLP 分析. 果树学报, 2004, 21(6):552-555
58 马玉花, 杨吉安, 贾万忠, 冶贵生. 中国不同地区杜仲rDNA的ITS序列分析. 西北林学院学报, 2004, 19(4): 16-19
59 梅立新, 杨卫昌. 陕西省核桃分类的研究方法. 西北农业大学学报, 1995, 23(4): 63-65
60 缪元颖, 杨顺楷, 刘成君. 苯丙氨酸解氨酶的分子生物学研究进展. 应用与环境生物学报, 2002, 8(6): 672-675
61 明军, 张启翔, 兰彦平. 梅花品种资源核心种质构建. 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(2): 65-69
62 宁婷婷, 张再君, 金诚赞, 朱英国. 早熟禾品种间遗传多样性分析. 遗传, 2005, 27(4): 605-610
63 平濑作五郎. いてふノ精虫ニ就テ. 植物学杂志, 1896, 10: 325-328
64 朴日花, 刘章雄, 关荣霞, 常汝镇, 郝再彬, 邱丽娟. 华南沿海地区南方夏大豆遗传多样性的 SSR 分析. 农业物技术学报, 2005, 13(4): 435-440
65 宋烨, 翟衡, 姚玉新, 李明, 杜远鹏. 苹果加工品种遗传多样性分析. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(1): 139-144
66 沈永宝, 施秀森. 银杏、板栗不同组织 DNA 的提取. 南京林业大学学报, 2001, 25(6): 80-82
67 沈永宝, 施季森, 赵洪亮. 利用 ISSR DNA 标记鉴定主要银杏栽培品种林业科学, 2005, 41(1): 202-204
68 施季森, 何祯祥. 21世纪的生物信息学评述. 南京林业大学学报, 2001, 25(2): 1-5
69 史全芬, 杨佳, 李晓东, 李新伟, 李建强. 水杉栽培居群的遗传多样性研究.云南植物研究, 2005, 27(4): 403-412
70 苏应娟, 王艇, 黄超, 朱建明, 周勤. 陆均松不同居群的 RAPD 分析. 中山大学学报, 1999, 38(1): 98-101
71 孙明高. 银杏半同胞家系苗期根皮过氧化物同工酶试验分析初报. 山东林业科技, 2001, 1: 8-9
72 唐绍清, 李伯林, 刘燕华, 彭云滔. 野生罗汉果遗传多样性的 ISSR 分析. 生物多样性, 2005, 13 (1): 36-42
73 谭晓风, 胡芳名, 张启发. 银杏主要栽培品种的分子鉴别. 中南林学院学报, 1998, 18(3): 3-10
74 陶爱芬, 祁建民, 李爱青, 方平平, 林荔辉, 吴建梅, 吴为人. 红麻优异种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系的 ISSR 分析. 作物学报, 2005, 31(12): 1668-1671
75 陶俊, 陈鹏, 姜永平等. 银杏传粉对雌花生长及过氧化物酶同工酶的影响. 江苏农学院学报, 1998, 19(3): 53-56
76 滕元文, 柴明良, 李秀根. 梨属植物分类的历史回顾及新进展. 果树学报,2004, 21(3): 252-257
77 田国行, 赵天榜, 董惠英, 赵东武, 陈志秀. 河南黄杨属植物的研究. 北京林业大学学报, 2004, 26(2): 74-78
78 田砚亭, 张秀海. 银杏性别分化阶段的早期鉴定及其激素调控. 河北林果研究, 1998, 13(3): 199-203
79 王斌, 翁曼丽. AFLP 的原理及其应用. 杂交水稻, 1996, 5: 27-30
80 王建波, 张文驹. 核 rDNA 的 ITS 序列在被子植物系统与进化研究中的应用.植物分类学报, 1999, 37(4): 407-416
81 王丽侠, 李英慧, 李伟等. 长江春大豆核心种质构建及分析. 生物多样性, 2004, 12(6): 578-585
82 王晓梅, 宋文芹, 刘松等. 利用 AFLP 技术筛选与银杏性别相关的分子标记.南开大学学报(自然科学), 2001a, 34(1): 5-9
83 王晓梅, 宋文芹, 刘松, 陈瑞阳. 与银杏性别相关的 RAPD 标记. 南开大学学报, 2001b, 34(3): 116-117
84 王晓梅. 银杏雌雄基因组间的比较研究.南开大学博士论文, 2001
85 汪小全, 邹喻苹, 张大明, 洪德, 刘正宇. 银杉遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 中国科学, 1996, 26(5): 436-441
86 王省芬, 张桂寅, 李喜焕, 李瑞奇, 李爱丽, 马峙英. 黄河长江流域棉区抗病品种的 AFLP 分析. 遗传学报, 2004, 31(12): 1426-1433.
87 王义强, 谭晓风, 袁文钧. 分子技术及其在银杏遗传育种中的应用前景. 经济林研究, 2002, 20(3): 8-10
88 王跃进, Lam ikanra O, Scheii L, 卢江. 用 RAPD 分析鉴定葡萄属远缘杂种. 西北农业大学学报, 1997,25(3): 16–17
89 吴俊元, 陈品良, 汤诗杰. 天目山银杏群体遗传变异的同工酶分析. 植物资源与环境, 1992, 1(2): 20-23.
90 温伟庆, 陈友吾. 银杏雌雄株过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性差异研究. 福建林业科技, 2002, 29(2): 34-39
91 吴俊元, 陈品良, 汤诗杰. 天目山银杏群体遗传变异的同工酶分析. 植物资源与环境, 1992, 1(2): 20-23
92 萧顺元, 章文才. RFLP 在柑桔遗传多样性研究上的应用. 果树科学, 1995, 12 (1): 1-4
93 肖漩, 孙敏, 王心燕, 乔爱民, 江波. ‘石硖’龙眼大果型桂花味芽变系的RAPD分析鉴定. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(4): l84-l87
94 邢世岩. 银杏丰产栽培. 济南: 济南出版社, 1993
95 邢世岩.叶用核用银杏丰产栽培.北京:中国林业出版社,1997
96 邢世岩. 银杏种实数量遗传分析及多性状选择. 园艺学报, 2001, 28(3): 223-229
97 邢世岩. 银杏叶药物成分数量遗传分析及多性状选择. 遗传学报, 2002, 29(10): 928-935
98 邢世岩. 银杏种质资源评价与良种选育.中国环境科学出版社, 2004
99 徐小彪. 猕猴桃属植物的遗传多样性及种质超低温保存研究. 湖南农业大学博士学位论文, 2004
100 杨克钦, 马智勇, 张贤珍, 曹永生. 中国果树种质资源信息系统及其应用. 果树科学, 1998, 15(2):116-123
101 杨木超, 肖炳光, 陈学军, 石春海. 基于 ISSR 标记的烤烟种质遗传多样性研究.遗传, 2005, 27(5): 753-758
102 杨庆文, 余丽琴, 张万霞, 陈大洲, 时津霞, 任军方, 苗晗. 原、异位保存普通野生稻种质资源的遗传多样性比较研究. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(6): 1073-1079
103 姚玉新, 左方梅, 翟衡, 刘来馨. 蛇龙珠等酿酒葡萄品种的 DNA 分析. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(4): l04-l08
104 易干军, 霍合强, 陈大成, 黄自然, 蔡长河, 邱燕萍. 荔枝品种亲缘关系的 AFLP分析. 园艺学报, 2003, 30(4): 399-403
105 于晓英, 张秋明, 易干军, 霍合强, 谭卫萍, 李典范. 香蕉种质资源的扩增片段长度多态性鉴定与分类. 湖南农业大学学报, 2002, 128(3): 206-210
106 曾勉. 浙江诸暨之银杏. 园艺, 1935, 1(5): 157-165
107 钟诲文, 杨中汉, 朱广廉等. 根据过氧化物酶同工酶图谱鉴定银杏植株的性别.林业科学, 1982, 18(1): 1-5
108 张博, 杜生明, 黄敏仁. 林木遗传图谱研究现状及发展趋势. 中国生物工程杂志, 2003, 23(4): 26-28
109 张日清, 何方, 吕芳德, 栗彬. 美国山核桃群体遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 经济林研究, 2001, 19(2): 1-6
110 张 建 业 , 陈 力 耕 , 胡 西 琴 等 . 银 杏 Leafy 同 源 基 因 的 分 离 与 克 隆 . 林业科学, 2002, 38(4): 167-170
111 张勔新. 中国主要果树图说. 上海科学技术出版社, 1960: 187-196
112 章群, 施苏华, 黄椰林等. 金缕梅亚科 ITS 序列分析及其系统学意义. 中山大学学报,2000, 39(1): 72-76
113 郑轶琦, 李作洲, 黄宏文. 猕猴桃品种 SSR 分析的初步研究. 武汉植物学研究, 2003, 21(5): 444-448
114 中国农业百科全书果树卷编委会. 《中国农业百科全书·果树卷》. 农业出版社, 1993
115 周俊亚, 唐绍清, 向悟生, 庄宾, 晓芸. 栽培罗汉果遗传多样性的 ISSR 分析. 广西植物, 2005, 25(5): 431-436
116 周云龙, 秦悦, 骊霞. 银杏小孢子核型和雄配子体发育的研究. 植物学通报, 1996, 13: 48-51
117 邹喻苹, 葛颂, 王晓东. 系统进化植物学中的分子标记. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001
118 Amel S. H., Khaled C., Messaoud M., Mohamed M. and Mokhtar T.. Comparative Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Two Tunisian Collections of Fig Cultivars Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats Fingerprints. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(5): 563-573
119 Amel S. H., Mokhtar T., Salwa Z., Jihène H., Messaoud M., Abdelmajid R. and Mohamed M.. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat fingerprints to assess genetic diversity in Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasm. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2004, 51(3): 269-275
120 Aagaard J. E., Krutovskh K.Y. and Strauss S. H.. RAPD and allozymes exhibit similar levels of diversity and differentiation among populations and races of Douglasfir. Heredity, 1998, 81: 69-78
121 Angiolillo A., Mencuccini M., Baldoni L.. Olive genetic diversity assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999, 98(3-4): 411-421
122 Anson J.G., Gilbert H. J., John O. D. et al.. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Rhodosporium toruloides gene coding for phenlalanine ammonialyase. Gene, 1987, 58(13):189-199
123 Badenes M., Garcés A., Romero C., Romero M., Clavé J., Rovira M. and Llácer G.. Genetic diversity of introduced and local Spanish persimmon cultivars revealed by RAPD markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2003, 50(6): 579-585
124 BaoY., Ge S.. Identification of Oryza species with the CD genome based on RFLP analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences.Acta Bot Sin, 2003, 45(7): 762-765.
125 Basu A, Ghosh M, Meyer R, Powell W, et al. Analysis of genentic diversity in cultivated Jute determined by means of SSR markers and AFLP profiling. Crop Science, 2004, 44(2): 678- 685.
126 Belaj A., Satovic Z., Ismaili H., Panajoti D., Rallo L. and Trujillo I.. RAPD genetic diversity of Albanian olive germplasm and its relationships with other Mediterranean countries. Euphytica, 2003, 130(3): 387-395
127 Calenge F., Van der Linden C. G., Van de Weg E., Schouten H. J. , Van Arkel G. , Denancé C. and Durel C.-E.. Resistance gene analogues identified through theNBS-profiling method map close to major genes and QTL for disease resistance in apple. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2005,110(4): 660 - 668
128 Carrier D. J. et al. Formation of terpenoid products in Ginkgo biloba L. cultivated cells. Plant Cell Reports, 1996, 15(12): 888-891
129 Casas A. M., Igartua E., Balaguer G. and Moreno M..A.. Genetic diversity of Prunus rootstocks analyzed by RAPD markers. Euphytica, 1999, 110(2): 139-149
130 Cervera M. T., Stome V., Soto A., Lvens B., Van Montagu M., Rajora O. P., Boerjan W.. Interaspecific and interspecific genetic and phylogenetic relationships in the genus Populus based on AFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2005, 111(7): 1440-1456.
131 Charmet C,Balfourier F. The use of geostatistics for sampling a collection of perennial ryegrass populations.Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1995, 42:303-309
132 Chen R. Y., Song W. Q., Li X. L. et al.. Study on the sex chromosomes of Ginkgo biloba. In: proc. Sino-Jpn. Symposium PL. Chromos. Plant Chromosome Research, 1987, 381-386
133 Chessa I. and Nieddu G.. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(3): 267-276
134 Chevreau E., Manganaris A. G., Gallet M.. Isozyme segregation in five apple progenies and potential use for map construction. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999, 98(2): 329-336
135 Conner P. J., Brown S. K., Weeden N. F. . Molecular-marker analysis of quantitative traits for growth and development in juvenileapple trees. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1998 ,96(8): 1027-1035
136 Del Tredici P.. Ginkgo and people a thousand years of interaction. Arnoldia, 1991, 51(2): 2-15
137 Dondini L. , L. Pierantoni, F. Gaiotti, R. Chiodini, S. Tartarini, C. Bazzi and S. Sansavini. Identifying QTLs for fire-blight resistance via a European pear (Pyrus communis L.) genetic linkage map. Molecular Breeding, 2005, 14(4): 407-418
138 Evans K. and James C. Identification of SCAR markers linked to Pl-w mildew resistance in apple. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 106(7): 1178-1183
139 Ferdinandez Y. S. N., Coulman B. E.. Genentic relationships among smooth bromegrass cultivars of different ecotypes detected by AFLP markers. Crop Science, 2004, 44(1):241-247.
140 Frankel O. H.. Genetic perspectives of germplasm conservation.In: Arber W.,Llimensee K., Peacock W. J. et al, eds. Genetic manipulation:Impact on man and society.Cambridge,U K: Cambridge university Press, 1984
141 Frankel O. H., Brown A. H. D.. Current plant genetic resources-a critical appraisal. In: Genetics: New Frontiers (Vol.IV).New Delhi, India: Oxford and IBH Publishing, 1984
142 Gao Z. S., van de Weg W. E. , Schaart J. G. , Schouten H. J., Tran D. H. , Kodde L. P. , van der Meer I. M., van der Geest A. H. M., Kodde J., Breiteneder H. , Hoffmann-Sommergruber K., Bosch D. and Gilissen L. J. W. J.. Genomic cloning and linkage mapping of the Mal d 1 (PR-10) gene family in apple (Malus domestica). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005, 111(1): 171–183
143 Gianfranceschi L., Seglias N., Tarchini R., Komjanc M., Gessler C.. Simple sequence repeats for the genetic analysis of apple. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1998, 96(8): 1069-1076
144 Goulao L. and Cristina M.. Oliveira Molecular characterisation of cultivars of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) using microsatellite (SSR and ISSR) markers. Euphytica, 2001, 122(1): 81-89
145 Guzmán F. A., Ayata H., Azurdia C., Duque M. C., Carmen de Vicente M.. AFLP assessment of genentic diversity of capsicum genetic resources in Guatemala:home gardens as an option for conservation. Crop Science, 2005, 45(1): 363-370.
146 Gygax M., Gianfranceschi L., Liebhard R., Kellerhals M., Gessler C. and Patocchi A.. Molecular markers linked to the apple scab resistance gene Vbj derived from Malus baccata jackii. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004, 109(8): 1702-1709
147 Hagen L., Khadari B., Lambert P., Audergon J. M.. Genetic diversity in apricot revealed by AFLP markers: species and cultivar comparisons. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002, 105(2-3): 298-305
148 Hara N.. Morphological study on the early ontogeny of Ginkgo leaf. Bot.Mag. Tokgo, 1989, 93: 1-12
149 Henry A. Ginkgo biloba, maidenhair tree. In: Elwes & Henry, Trees of Great Britain and Ireland I. 1906: 56-62
150 Holbrook C. C., William F. A.. Evaluation of a core collection to identifv resistance to late leafspot in peanut. Crop Science, 1995, 35: 1700-1702
151 Hori K., Kobayashi T., Sato K., Takeda K.. QTL analysis of fusarium head blight resistance using a high–density linkage map in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2005, 111(8): 1661-1672.
152 Hurtado M. A., Westman A., Beck E., Abbott G.A., Llácer G. and Badenes M.L.. Genetic diversity in apricot cultivars based on AFLP markers. Euphytica, 2002, 127(2): 297-301
153 Isabel N., Beaulieu J. and Bousquet J. Complete connruence between gene diversity estimates derived from genotypic data at enzyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA loci in black spruce. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. U. S. A., 1995, 92: 6369-1373
154 Jiang L, You RL, Li MX., et al., Identification of a sex-associated RAPD marker in Ginkgo biloba. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2003, 45(6): 742-747
155 Katayama and Uematsu C.. Structural analysis of chloroplast DNA in Prunus (Rosaceae): evolution, genetic diversity and unequal mutationsH. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005, 111(7): 1430-1439
156 Kato C. Y., Nagai C., Moore P. H., Zee F., Kim M. S., Steiger D. L. and Ming R.. Intra-specific DNA polymorphism in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) assessed by AFLP markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 51(8): 815-825
157 Kenis K.. and Keulemans J.. Genetic linkage maps of two apple cultivars (Malus × domestica Borkh.) based on AFLP and microsatellite markers. Molecular Breeding, 2005, 15(2): 205-219
158 Khadari B., Grout C., Santoni S. and Kjellberg F.. Contrasted genetic diversity and differentiation among Mediterranean populations of Ficus carica L.: A study using mtDNA RFLP. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(1): 97-109
159 Kim Y. Y., Choi H. S., Kang B. Y.. An AFLP-based likage map of Japanese red pine (Pinus densifloria) using haploid DNA samples of megagametophytes from a single maternal tree. Mol cell. 2005, 111 (8):1661-1672.
160 Kohiljski B., Qnarrie S., Dencic S., Kirhv J., Iveges V. I.. Cenetic diversity of theNovisad Wheat Core Collection Revealed by Micro satellites. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 2002, 7( 2B): 685-694.
161 Kuddus R. H., Kuddus N. N., Dvorchik I.. DNA polymorphism in the living fossil Gingko biloba from the Eastern United States. Genome, 2002, 45: 8-12.
162 Lebrun P., N'cho Y. P., Seguin M., Grivet L.. Genetic diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Baudouin Euphytic, 1998, 101(1): 103-108
163 Lee C. L.. Sex chromosomes in Ginkgo biloba. Amer. J. Bot., 1954, 41: 545-549
164 Lee S. W., Kim Y. Y., Hyun J. O. and Kim Z. S.. Comparison of genetic variation in Pinus densiflora natural populations by allozyme and RAPD analysis. Korean Journal of Breeding, 1997, 29:72-83 (in Korean with English summary)
165 Lewontin R. C.. Apportionment of human diversity. Evolutionary Biology, 1972, 6: 381-398.
166 Li H. L.. Ginkgo-the maidenhair tree. Amer. Hort. Mag., 1961, 40: 239-249
167 Margis R., Felix D., Caldas J. F., Salgueiro F., De Araujo D.S.D., Breyne P., Van Montagu M., De Oliveira D. and Margis-Pinheiro M.. Genetic differentiation among three neighboring Brazil-cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) populations within the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2002, 11(1):149-163
168 Meerow A. W., Wisser R. J., Brown S. J., Kuhn D. N., Schnell R. J., Broschat T. K.. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure within Florida coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm using microsatellite DNA with special emphasis on the Fiji Dwarf cultivar. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 106(4): 715-726
169 Mosseler A., Egger K. N. and Hughes G. A.. Low levels of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Canadian Journal of forest Research, 1992, 22: 1332-1337
170 Newcomer E. H.. The karyotype and possible sex chromosomes of Ginkgo biloba. Amer. J. Bot.,1954: 542-545
171 Ozeki Y. et al.. Changes in activities of enzymes involved in general phenylpropanoid metabolism during the induction and reduction of anthocyanin synguesis in a carrot suspension culture as regulated by 2,4-D, Plant Cell Physiol, 1985,26(5): 903-911
172 Panaud, Chaib A.and Sarr A.. Dynamic conservation of apricot Prunus armeniaca in saharian oases: use of AFLP markers to assess genetic diversity in traditional orchards Olivier. Euphytica, 2002, 128(3): 301-305
173 Patzak J.. Comparison of RAPD, STS, ISSR,and AFLP molecular methods used for assessment of genetic diversity in hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Euphytica, 2001, 121(1): 9-18
174 Pchepmann H. G., Pang J. and Matsuda S. P. T.. Cloning and characterization of Ginkgo biloba Levopimaradiene synthase, which catalyzes the first committed step in ginkgolide biosynthesis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2001, 392(2): 263-269
175 Pillay M., Ogundiwin E., Nwakanma D. C., Ude G., Tenkouano A.. Analysis of genetic diversity and relationships in East African banana germplasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001, 102(6-7): 965-970
176 Pollock E. G... The sex chromosomes of the maidenhair tree. Hereditary, 1957, 48(6): 290-294
177 Rafalski J. A., Vogel J. M., Morgante M. et al.. Generating and using DNA markers in plants. Birren B , Lai E. Nonmammalian genomic analysis. A practical guide, San Diego; Academic Press, 1996: 75-134.
178 Santamour F. S. et al..Checklist of cultivated Ginkgo. Arboriculture, 1983, 9(3): 88-92
179 Sax K. and Sax H.J.. Chromosome number and morphology in the conifers. Arnold Arboretum, 1933, 14: 356-375
180 Seward A. C.. The story of the maidenhair tree. Sci. Progr. (England), 1938, 32: 420-440
181 Shashidhara G., Hema M. V., Koshy B., Farooqi A. A.. Assessment of genetic diversity and identification of core collection in sandalwood germplasm using RAPD; Horti Sci & Biotec, 2003, 78(4): 528-536
182 Schoen D. J. and Brown A. H. D.. Conservation of allelic richness in wild crop relatives is aided by assessment of genetic markers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 1993, 90: 10623-10627
183 Shen L., Chen X. Y., Zhang X.,Li Y. Y., Fu C. X., Qiu Y. X.. Genetic variation of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) based on cpDNA PCR-RFLPs: inference of glacial refugia.Heredity, 2005, 94(4): 396–401
184 Shi S. H., Chang H. T., Chen Y. Q. et al.. Phlogeny of the Hamamelidaceae based on the ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Biochem System Ecology, 1998, 26: 55-69
185 Skinner D. M., Beattie W. G., Blatte A. L. et al.. The repeat sequence of a hermit crab satellite deoxyribonucleic acid is (T-A-G_-G) n*.(A-T-C-G)n. Biochemistry, 1974, 13: 3930-3937.
186 Skroch P. W., Nienhuis J., Beebe S.,Joseph F.. Comparison of mexican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.core and reserve germplasm collections. Corp Sci, 1998, 38: 488-496
187 Solar A., Podjavor?ek A. and ?tampar F. S.. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of European Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Slovenia – Opportunity for Genetic Improvement. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(4): 381-394
188 Steane D. A., Scotland R. W., Mabberley D. J. et al.. Molecular systematics of Clerodendrum( Lamiaceae):ITS sequences and total evidence.Amer J Bot, 1999,86(1): 98-107.
189 Tanaka N., Takemasa N., Sinoto Y.. Karyotype analysis in gymnospermae. I. Karyotype and chromosome bridge in the young leaf meristem of Ginkgo biloba L. Cytologia, 1952, 17:112-123
190 Tautz D.. Hypervariability of simple sequnces as a general source of polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res, 1989, 17: 6463-6471.
191 Tian Y. K., Wang C. H., Zhang J. S., James C. and Dai H. Y.. Mapping Co, a gene controlling the columnar phenotype of apple, with molecular markers Euphytica, 2005, 145(1-2): 181-188
192 Teulat B., Aldam C., Trehin R., Lebrun P., Barker J. H. A., Arnold G. M., Karp A., Baudouin L., Rognon F.. An analysis of genetic diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera) populations from across the geographic range using sequence-tagged microsatellites (SSRs) and AFLPs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000, 100(5): 764-771
193 Tohme J., Gonzales D. O., Beebe S., Duque M. C.. AFLP analysis of wild bean corn collection. Corp Sci, 1996, 36: 1375-1384.
194 Tsumura Y., Ohaba K.. The genetic diversity of isozymes and the possible disseminationof Gingko biloba in ancient times in Japan. In: Hori T., Ridge R.w., Tuleeke W., Del Tredici P., Tremouilaux-Guiller J. and Tobe (Heds.), Gingko biloba-a Global Treasure.Spinger-Verlag, Tokyo, 1997, 159-172 .
195 Upadhyaya H. D., Ortiz R.. A mini core subset for capturing diversity and promoting utilization of chickpea genetic resources in crop improvement. Theoretical and applied Genetics, 2001, 102: 1292-1298
196 Vijayan K., Nair C. V. and Chatterjee S. N.. Molecular characterization of mulberry genetic resources indigenous to India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(1): 77-86
197 Vos P et al.. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research, 1995, 23(21): 4407-4414
198 Welsh J., M C Clelland M.. Finger printing genomes Using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucleic Acids Research, 1990, 18(22): 7231-7218
199 Williams J. G. K., Kubelik A. R., Livak A. R. et al.. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research, 1990, 18(22): 6531-6535
200 Wu J., Krutovskh K. V. and Strauss S. H.. Nuclear DNA diversity,population differentiation and phylogenetic relationships in the California closed cone pines based on RAPD and allozyme markers. Genome, 1999, 42: 893-908
201 Wünsch A. and Hormaza J. I.. Molecular evaluation of genetic diversity and S-allele composition of local Spanish sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2004, 51(6): 635-641
202 Xu D. H., Wahyuni S., Sato Y., Yamaguchi M., Tsunematsu H. and Ban T.. Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Japanese Peach (Prunus persica L.) Cultivars Revealed by AFLP and Pedigree Tracing. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Published online: 2006, http://springer.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/
203 Yamakawa T. et al.. Production of anthocyanins by vitis cells in suspension culture, Agric. Biol.Chem.,1983, 47: 2185-2191
204 Yamamoto T., Kimura T., Shoda M., Imai T., Saito T., Sawamura Y., Kotobuki K., Hayashi T. and Matsuta N.. Genetic linkage maps constructed by using an interspecificcross between Japanese and European pears Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002, 106(1): 9-18
205 Yamamoto T., Kimura T., Sawamura Y., Manabe T., Kotobuki K., Hayashi T., Ban Y. and Matsuta N.. Simple sequence repeats for genetic analysis in pear. Euphytica, 2002, 124(1): 129-137
206 Yeh F. C., Yang R. C., Boyle T.. POPGENE: a joint project development by Francis C.Yeh and Rong-Cai Yang, Universitv of A1berta and Tim Boyle[DB/CD]Centre for International Forestry Research, 1999.(http://www. ualberta. ca/-fyeh/)
207 Zabeau M., Vos P.. Selecaive restricaion fragment amplification a general method for DNA fingerprinting.European Patent Application94202629, 7(Publication No. 05348 Al). Paris: European Patent Office, 1993
208 Zietkiewicz R., Rafalski A.and Labuda D.. Genome finger printing by simple sequence repeat (SSR) -anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics, 1994, 20: 176-183.
2 鲍露, 徐昌杰, 江文彬, 陈履荣, 陈昆松. 葡萄 AFLP 技术体系建立及其在超藤与藤稔葡萄品种鉴别中的应用. 果树学报, 2005, 22(4): 422-425
3 毕春侠, 郭军战, 杨培华. 银杏品种过氧化物同工酶酶谱分析. 陕西林业科技, 1998, 4: 1-3
4 曹福亮. 中国银杏. 江苏科学技术出版社, 2002
5 曹福亮, 黄敏仁, 桂仁意, 汪贵斌. 银杏主要栽培品种遗传多样性分析. 南京林业大学学报, 2005, 29(6): 1-6
6 曹庆芹, 伊华林, 邓秀新. 两种柑橘线粒体的获得与 AFLP 分析. 园艺学报, 2003, 30(4): 389-393
7 陈可泳. 银杏染色体的 Giemsa C-带技术. 植物学集刊, 1983,1: 267-270
8 陈灵芝等. 中国的生物多样性现状及保护对策. 北京: 科学技术出版社, 1993
9 陈平平. 银杏性别及其研究进展. 生物学通报, 1997, 32(12): 7-8
10 陈瑞阳, 宋文芹, 李秀兰. 银杏性染色体研究, 在: 中国银杏研究会,全国首届银杏学术研讨会论文集, 湖北科学技术出版社, 1992: 21-29
11 陈文强, 邓百万, 丁锐, 吴三桥, 李新生. 天麻 3 种变型过氧化物酶的同工酶研究. 应用植物学报, 2005, 25(8): 1665-1668
12 陈学森, 邓秀新, 章文才等. 中国银杏品种资源染色体数目及核型研究初报. 华中农业大学学报, 1996, 15(6): 590-593
13 陈学森, 章文才. 中国银杏种质资源研究进展. 山东林业科技, 1997, 4:1-3
14 陈月琴, 庄 丽, 屈良鹄等. “活化石”植物银杏形态与分子进化( Ⅰ). 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 38(11):16-19
15 程中平, 陈志伟, 胡春根, 邓秀新. 黄肉桃种质资源的 RAPD 分析. 遗传, 2003, 25(1):49- 56
16 崔堂兵. 银杏黄酮和内酯在银杏细胞培养中积累的调控及其药理研究. 华南理工大学, 博士论文, 20020201
17 邓俭英, 刘忠, 康德贤, 张玲玲, 王绪, 方锋学. RFLP 分子标记及其在蔬菜研究中的应用. 分子植物育种, 2005, 3(2): 245-248
18 丁锐. 黑稻主要栽培种过氧化物酶同工酶的研究. 西北农业学报报, 2005, 14(4): 22-25
19 杜希华, 范志强, 李君等. 过氧化物酶同工酶与银杏性别及年龄的关系. 山东林业科技, 1997, 4: 4-6
20 段惠, 强胜, 苏秀红, 吴海荣, 朱云枝, 刘琳莉. 用 AFLP 技术分析紫茎泽兰的遗传多样性. 生态学报, 2005, 25(8): 2109-2114
21 董玉琛, 曹永生, 张学勇等. 中国普通小麦初选核心种质的产生. 植物遗传资源学报, 2003, 4(1): 1-8
22 樊晓霞. 银杏叶绿体 DNA 系统地理学研究. 华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2005
23 房经贵, 乔玉山, 章镇. AFLP 在芒果品种鉴定中的应用. 广西植物, 2001, 21(3): 281-283
24高进红, 邢世岩, 姜岳忠, 李世美. 银杏观赏品种的核型分析. 山东农业大学学报, 2005, 36(1): 19-24.
25 高志红, 章镇, 韩振海, 房经贵. 中国果梅核心种质的构建与检测. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(2): 363-368
26 葛永奇, 邱英雄, 丁炳扬, 傅承新. 孑遗植物银杏群体遗传多样性的分析. 生物多样性, 2003, 11(4): 276-287
27 郭基善. 中国果树志.银杏卷. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 19931.韩振海等. 落叶果树种质资源学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1995.
28 郝朝运, 郭卫东, 刘鹏. 七子花种群遗传多样性和遗传分化的 RAPD 分析. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(3): 4l3-4l7
29 何梅, 李懋学. 银杏雌株染色体 Ag-NOR 的研究. 遗传, 1996, 18(3): 3-5
30 胡蕙露. 银杏 N+离子诱变相关育种效应研究. 安徽农业大学学报, 1998, 25(3): 296-299
31 胡先骕. 水松, 水杉, 银杏. 生物学通报, 1954, 12: 12-15
32 黄曙光, 乌云塔娜, 谭晓风. 李品种的 RAPD 分析. 中南林学院学报, 2005, 25(4): 46-49
33 侯永翠, 颜泽洪, 兰秀锦, 魏育明, 郑有良. 利用 RAMP 和 ISSR 标记分析大麦种质资源的遗传多样性. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(12): 2555-2565
34 吉冈金市.イチヨウの接木交杂. 果树の接木交杂によゐ新种·新品种育の理论と实际. 第Ⅰ卷.新科学文献刊行会, 1967: 143-228
35 金守仁. 银杏ㄩ- 类染色体 O-‖关研究. 韩国林学会志, 1995, 84(2):131-144
36 类承斌, 万勇善, 刘风珍. 分子标记技术在花生上的应用研究. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(8): 36-40
37 李鸿勋. 银杏雌雄株鉴别初报. 园艺学报, 1965, 4(1): 58-59
38 李娟, 江昌俊, 王朝霞. 中国茶树初选核心种质遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 遗传, 2005, 27(5): 765-771
39 李娟, 江昌俊. 中国茶树核心种质的初步构建. 安徽农业大学学报, 2004, 31(3): 282-287
40 栗琪, 李作洲, 黄宏文. 猕猴桃野生居群的 SSR 分析初报. 武汉植物学研究,2004, 22(2): 175-178
41 李天红. 桃遗传资源核心种质的研究. 中国农学通报, 2005, 27(8): 296-298
42 李霞, 刁家连, 李书华, 杨林, 李芳, 魏秀华, 包艳存. 芦笋种质资源遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2005, 6(3): 310-314
43 李星学. 植物界的发展和演化. 科学出版社, 1981: 138-142
44 李晓东, 黄宏文, 李建强. 孑遗植物水杉的遗传多样性研究. 生物多样性, 2003, 11(2): 100-108
45 李晓玲, 李金泉, 刘桂富, 胡晋. 整合质量数量性状构建作物核心种质的策略研究. 浙江大学学报, 2005, 31(4): 362-367
46 李育农. 现代世界苹果属植物分类新体系色议. 果树科学, 1996, 13(增刊): 65-68
47 李正理. 最近十年(1949~1959)关于银杏的形态解剖学及细胞学上的研究. 植物学报, 1959, 8(4): 262-270
48 李自超, 张洪亮, 曾亚文等. 云南地方稻种资源核心种质取样方案研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 33(5): 1-7
49 林协. 银杏的起源与分布. 生物学通报, 1965, 3: 32-33
50 刘慧春. 随州古银杏遗传多样性的 RAPD 及 ISSR 的分析. 华中农业大学硕士论文,2005
51 刘叔倩, 马小军, 郑俊华. 银杏不同变异类型的 RAPD 指纹研究. 中国中药杂志, 2001, 26(12): 822-825
52 刘勇, 吴波, 刘德春, 孙中海. 江西柑橘地方品种资源及野生近缘种 SSR 分子标记. 江西农业大学学报, 2005, 27(4): 486-490
53 陆海, 王沙生, 李义等. 银杏木质部特异定位表达基因启动子克隆. 北京林业大学学报, 2001, 23(4): 10-12
54 鹿金颖, 毛永民, 申莲英, 彭士琪, 刘敏. 用 AFLP 分子标记鉴定冬枣自然授粉实生后代杂种的研究. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(4): l80-l83
55 吕英民, 吕增仁, 高锁柱. 杏品种过氧化物酶同工酶的研究. 河北农业大学学报, 1994, 17(2): 15-18
56 罗建勋, 顾万春, 姚平. 云杉现有天然林的遗传分化和种源区划分. 西北农林科技大学学报, 2005, 33(12): 78-84
57 马艳, 马荣才. 扁桃种质资源的 AFLP 分析. 果树学报, 2004, 21(6):552-555
58 马玉花, 杨吉安, 贾万忠, 冶贵生. 中国不同地区杜仲rDNA的ITS序列分析. 西北林学院学报, 2004, 19(4): 16-19
59 梅立新, 杨卫昌. 陕西省核桃分类的研究方法. 西北农业大学学报, 1995, 23(4): 63-65
60 缪元颖, 杨顺楷, 刘成君. 苯丙氨酸解氨酶的分子生物学研究进展. 应用与环境生物学报, 2002, 8(6): 672-675
61 明军, 张启翔, 兰彦平. 梅花品种资源核心种质构建. 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(2): 65-69
62 宁婷婷, 张再君, 金诚赞, 朱英国. 早熟禾品种间遗传多样性分析. 遗传, 2005, 27(4): 605-610
63 平濑作五郎. いてふノ精虫ニ就テ. 植物学杂志, 1896, 10: 325-328
64 朴日花, 刘章雄, 关荣霞, 常汝镇, 郝再彬, 邱丽娟. 华南沿海地区南方夏大豆遗传多样性的 SSR 分析. 农业物技术学报, 2005, 13(4): 435-440
65 宋烨, 翟衡, 姚玉新, 李明, 杜远鹏. 苹果加工品种遗传多样性分析. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(1): 139-144
66 沈永宝, 施秀森. 银杏、板栗不同组织 DNA 的提取. 南京林业大学学报, 2001, 25(6): 80-82
67 沈永宝, 施季森, 赵洪亮. 利用 ISSR DNA 标记鉴定主要银杏栽培品种林业科学, 2005, 41(1): 202-204
68 施季森, 何祯祥. 21世纪的生物信息学评述. 南京林业大学学报, 2001, 25(2): 1-5
69 史全芬, 杨佳, 李晓东, 李新伟, 李建强. 水杉栽培居群的遗传多样性研究.云南植物研究, 2005, 27(4): 403-412
70 苏应娟, 王艇, 黄超, 朱建明, 周勤. 陆均松不同居群的 RAPD 分析. 中山大学学报, 1999, 38(1): 98-101
71 孙明高. 银杏半同胞家系苗期根皮过氧化物同工酶试验分析初报. 山东林业科技, 2001, 1: 8-9
72 唐绍清, 李伯林, 刘燕华, 彭云滔. 野生罗汉果遗传多样性的 ISSR 分析. 生物多样性, 2005, 13 (1): 36-42
73 谭晓风, 胡芳名, 张启发. 银杏主要栽培品种的分子鉴别. 中南林学院学报, 1998, 18(3): 3-10
74 陶爱芬, 祁建民, 李爱青, 方平平, 林荔辉, 吴建梅, 吴为人. 红麻优异种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系的 ISSR 分析. 作物学报, 2005, 31(12): 1668-1671
75 陶俊, 陈鹏, 姜永平等. 银杏传粉对雌花生长及过氧化物酶同工酶的影响. 江苏农学院学报, 1998, 19(3): 53-56
76 滕元文, 柴明良, 李秀根. 梨属植物分类的历史回顾及新进展. 果树学报,2004, 21(3): 252-257
77 田国行, 赵天榜, 董惠英, 赵东武, 陈志秀. 河南黄杨属植物的研究. 北京林业大学学报, 2004, 26(2): 74-78
78 田砚亭, 张秀海. 银杏性别分化阶段的早期鉴定及其激素调控. 河北林果研究, 1998, 13(3): 199-203
79 王斌, 翁曼丽. AFLP 的原理及其应用. 杂交水稻, 1996, 5: 27-30
80 王建波, 张文驹. 核 rDNA 的 ITS 序列在被子植物系统与进化研究中的应用.植物分类学报, 1999, 37(4): 407-416
81 王丽侠, 李英慧, 李伟等. 长江春大豆核心种质构建及分析. 生物多样性, 2004, 12(6): 578-585
82 王晓梅, 宋文芹, 刘松等. 利用 AFLP 技术筛选与银杏性别相关的分子标记.南开大学学报(自然科学), 2001a, 34(1): 5-9
83 王晓梅, 宋文芹, 刘松, 陈瑞阳. 与银杏性别相关的 RAPD 标记. 南开大学学报, 2001b, 34(3): 116-117
84 王晓梅. 银杏雌雄基因组间的比较研究.南开大学博士论文, 2001
85 汪小全, 邹喻苹, 张大明, 洪德, 刘正宇. 银杉遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 中国科学, 1996, 26(5): 436-441
86 王省芬, 张桂寅, 李喜焕, 李瑞奇, 李爱丽, 马峙英. 黄河长江流域棉区抗病品种的 AFLP 分析. 遗传学报, 2004, 31(12): 1426-1433.
87 王义强, 谭晓风, 袁文钧. 分子技术及其在银杏遗传育种中的应用前景. 经济林研究, 2002, 20(3): 8-10
88 王跃进, Lam ikanra O, Scheii L, 卢江. 用 RAPD 分析鉴定葡萄属远缘杂种. 西北农业大学学报, 1997,25(3): 16–17
89 吴俊元, 陈品良, 汤诗杰. 天目山银杏群体遗传变异的同工酶分析. 植物资源与环境, 1992, 1(2): 20-23.
90 温伟庆, 陈友吾. 银杏雌雄株过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性差异研究. 福建林业科技, 2002, 29(2): 34-39
91 吴俊元, 陈品良, 汤诗杰. 天目山银杏群体遗传变异的同工酶分析. 植物资源与环境, 1992, 1(2): 20-23
92 萧顺元, 章文才. RFLP 在柑桔遗传多样性研究上的应用. 果树科学, 1995, 12 (1): 1-4
93 肖漩, 孙敏, 王心燕, 乔爱民, 江波. ‘石硖’龙眼大果型桂花味芽变系的RAPD分析鉴定. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(4): l84-l87
94 邢世岩. 银杏丰产栽培. 济南: 济南出版社, 1993
95 邢世岩.叶用核用银杏丰产栽培.北京:中国林业出版社,1997
96 邢世岩. 银杏种实数量遗传分析及多性状选择. 园艺学报, 2001, 28(3): 223-229
97 邢世岩. 银杏叶药物成分数量遗传分析及多性状选择. 遗传学报, 2002, 29(10): 928-935
98 邢世岩. 银杏种质资源评价与良种选育.中国环境科学出版社, 2004
99 徐小彪. 猕猴桃属植物的遗传多样性及种质超低温保存研究. 湖南农业大学博士学位论文, 2004
100 杨克钦, 马智勇, 张贤珍, 曹永生. 中国果树种质资源信息系统及其应用. 果树科学, 1998, 15(2):116-123
101 杨木超, 肖炳光, 陈学军, 石春海. 基于 ISSR 标记的烤烟种质遗传多样性研究.遗传, 2005, 27(5): 753-758
102 杨庆文, 余丽琴, 张万霞, 陈大洲, 时津霞, 任军方, 苗晗. 原、异位保存普通野生稻种质资源的遗传多样性比较研究. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(6): 1073-1079
103 姚玉新, 左方梅, 翟衡, 刘来馨. 蛇龙珠等酿酒葡萄品种的 DNA 分析. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(4): l04-l08
104 易干军, 霍合强, 陈大成, 黄自然, 蔡长河, 邱燕萍. 荔枝品种亲缘关系的 AFLP分析. 园艺学报, 2003, 30(4): 399-403
105 于晓英, 张秋明, 易干军, 霍合强, 谭卫萍, 李典范. 香蕉种质资源的扩增片段长度多态性鉴定与分类. 湖南农业大学学报, 2002, 128(3): 206-210
106 曾勉. 浙江诸暨之银杏. 园艺, 1935, 1(5): 157-165
107 钟诲文, 杨中汉, 朱广廉等. 根据过氧化物酶同工酶图谱鉴定银杏植株的性别.林业科学, 1982, 18(1): 1-5
108 张博, 杜生明, 黄敏仁. 林木遗传图谱研究现状及发展趋势. 中国生物工程杂志, 2003, 23(4): 26-28
109 张日清, 何方, 吕芳德, 栗彬. 美国山核桃群体遗传多样性的 RAPD 分析. 经济林研究, 2001, 19(2): 1-6
110 张 建 业 , 陈 力 耕 , 胡 西 琴 等 . 银 杏 Leafy 同 源 基 因 的 分 离 与 克 隆 . 林业科学, 2002, 38(4): 167-170
111 张勔新. 中国主要果树图说. 上海科学技术出版社, 1960: 187-196
112 章群, 施苏华, 黄椰林等. 金缕梅亚科 ITS 序列分析及其系统学意义. 中山大学学报,2000, 39(1): 72-76
113 郑轶琦, 李作洲, 黄宏文. 猕猴桃品种 SSR 分析的初步研究. 武汉植物学研究, 2003, 21(5): 444-448
114 中国农业百科全书果树卷编委会. 《中国农业百科全书·果树卷》. 农业出版社, 1993
115 周俊亚, 唐绍清, 向悟生, 庄宾, 晓芸. 栽培罗汉果遗传多样性的 ISSR 分析. 广西植物, 2005, 25(5): 431-436
116 周云龙, 秦悦, 骊霞. 银杏小孢子核型和雄配子体发育的研究. 植物学通报, 1996, 13: 48-51
117 邹喻苹, 葛颂, 王晓东. 系统进化植物学中的分子标记. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001
118 Amel S. H., Khaled C., Messaoud M., Mohamed M. and Mokhtar T.. Comparative Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Two Tunisian Collections of Fig Cultivars Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats Fingerprints. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(5): 563-573
119 Amel S. H., Mokhtar T., Salwa Z., Jihène H., Messaoud M., Abdelmajid R. and Mohamed M.. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat fingerprints to assess genetic diversity in Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasm. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2004, 51(3): 269-275
120 Aagaard J. E., Krutovskh K.Y. and Strauss S. H.. RAPD and allozymes exhibit similar levels of diversity and differentiation among populations and races of Douglasfir. Heredity, 1998, 81: 69-78
121 Angiolillo A., Mencuccini M., Baldoni L.. Olive genetic diversity assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999, 98(3-4): 411-421
122 Anson J.G., Gilbert H. J., John O. D. et al.. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Rhodosporium toruloides gene coding for phenlalanine ammonialyase. Gene, 1987, 58(13):189-199
123 Badenes M., Garcés A., Romero C., Romero M., Clavé J., Rovira M. and Llácer G.. Genetic diversity of introduced and local Spanish persimmon cultivars revealed by RAPD markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2003, 50(6): 579-585
124 BaoY., Ge S.. Identification of Oryza species with the CD genome based on RFLP analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences.Acta Bot Sin, 2003, 45(7): 762-765.
125 Basu A, Ghosh M, Meyer R, Powell W, et al. Analysis of genentic diversity in cultivated Jute determined by means of SSR markers and AFLP profiling. Crop Science, 2004, 44(2): 678- 685.
126 Belaj A., Satovic Z., Ismaili H., Panajoti D., Rallo L. and Trujillo I.. RAPD genetic diversity of Albanian olive germplasm and its relationships with other Mediterranean countries. Euphytica, 2003, 130(3): 387-395
127 Calenge F., Van der Linden C. G., Van de Weg E., Schouten H. J. , Van Arkel G. , Denancé C. and Durel C.-E.. Resistance gene analogues identified through theNBS-profiling method map close to major genes and QTL for disease resistance in apple. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2005,110(4): 660 - 668
128 Carrier D. J. et al. Formation of terpenoid products in Ginkgo biloba L. cultivated cells. Plant Cell Reports, 1996, 15(12): 888-891
129 Casas A. M., Igartua E., Balaguer G. and Moreno M..A.. Genetic diversity of Prunus rootstocks analyzed by RAPD markers. Euphytica, 1999, 110(2): 139-149
130 Cervera M. T., Stome V., Soto A., Lvens B., Van Montagu M., Rajora O. P., Boerjan W.. Interaspecific and interspecific genetic and phylogenetic relationships in the genus Populus based on AFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2005, 111(7): 1440-1456.
131 Charmet C,Balfourier F. The use of geostatistics for sampling a collection of perennial ryegrass populations.Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1995, 42:303-309
132 Chen R. Y., Song W. Q., Li X. L. et al.. Study on the sex chromosomes of Ginkgo biloba. In: proc. Sino-Jpn. Symposium PL. Chromos. Plant Chromosome Research, 1987, 381-386
133 Chessa I. and Nieddu G.. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(3): 267-276
134 Chevreau E., Manganaris A. G., Gallet M.. Isozyme segregation in five apple progenies and potential use for map construction. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999, 98(2): 329-336
135 Conner P. J., Brown S. K., Weeden N. F. . Molecular-marker analysis of quantitative traits for growth and development in juvenileapple trees. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1998 ,96(8): 1027-1035
136 Del Tredici P.. Ginkgo and people a thousand years of interaction. Arnoldia, 1991, 51(2): 2-15
137 Dondini L. , L. Pierantoni, F. Gaiotti, R. Chiodini, S. Tartarini, C. Bazzi and S. Sansavini. Identifying QTLs for fire-blight resistance via a European pear (Pyrus communis L.) genetic linkage map. Molecular Breeding, 2005, 14(4): 407-418
138 Evans K. and James C. Identification of SCAR markers linked to Pl-w mildew resistance in apple. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 106(7): 1178-1183
139 Ferdinandez Y. S. N., Coulman B. E.. Genentic relationships among smooth bromegrass cultivars of different ecotypes detected by AFLP markers. Crop Science, 2004, 44(1):241-247.
140 Frankel O. H.. Genetic perspectives of germplasm conservation.In: Arber W.,Llimensee K., Peacock W. J. et al, eds. Genetic manipulation:Impact on man and society.Cambridge,U K: Cambridge university Press, 1984
141 Frankel O. H., Brown A. H. D.. Current plant genetic resources-a critical appraisal. In: Genetics: New Frontiers (Vol.IV).New Delhi, India: Oxford and IBH Publishing, 1984
142 Gao Z. S., van de Weg W. E. , Schaart J. G. , Schouten H. J., Tran D. H. , Kodde L. P. , van der Meer I. M., van der Geest A. H. M., Kodde J., Breiteneder H. , Hoffmann-Sommergruber K., Bosch D. and Gilissen L. J. W. J.. Genomic cloning and linkage mapping of the Mal d 1 (PR-10) gene family in apple (Malus domestica). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005, 111(1): 171–183
143 Gianfranceschi L., Seglias N., Tarchini R., Komjanc M., Gessler C.. Simple sequence repeats for the genetic analysis of apple. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1998, 96(8): 1069-1076
144 Goulao L. and Cristina M.. Oliveira Molecular characterisation of cultivars of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) using microsatellite (SSR and ISSR) markers. Euphytica, 2001, 122(1): 81-89
145 Guzmán F. A., Ayata H., Azurdia C., Duque M. C., Carmen de Vicente M.. AFLP assessment of genentic diversity of capsicum genetic resources in Guatemala:home gardens as an option for conservation. Crop Science, 2005, 45(1): 363-370.
146 Gygax M., Gianfranceschi L., Liebhard R., Kellerhals M., Gessler C. and Patocchi A.. Molecular markers linked to the apple scab resistance gene Vbj derived from Malus baccata jackii. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004, 109(8): 1702-1709
147 Hagen L., Khadari B., Lambert P., Audergon J. M.. Genetic diversity in apricot revealed by AFLP markers: species and cultivar comparisons. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002, 105(2-3): 298-305
148 Hara N.. Morphological study on the early ontogeny of Ginkgo leaf. Bot.Mag. Tokgo, 1989, 93: 1-12
149 Henry A. Ginkgo biloba, maidenhair tree. In: Elwes & Henry, Trees of Great Britain and Ireland I. 1906: 56-62
150 Holbrook C. C., William F. A.. Evaluation of a core collection to identifv resistance to late leafspot in peanut. Crop Science, 1995, 35: 1700-1702
151 Hori K., Kobayashi T., Sato K., Takeda K.. QTL analysis of fusarium head blight resistance using a high–density linkage map in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2005, 111(8): 1661-1672.
152 Hurtado M. A., Westman A., Beck E., Abbott G.A., Llácer G. and Badenes M.L.. Genetic diversity in apricot cultivars based on AFLP markers. Euphytica, 2002, 127(2): 297-301
153 Isabel N., Beaulieu J. and Bousquet J. Complete connruence between gene diversity estimates derived from genotypic data at enzyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA loci in black spruce. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. U. S. A., 1995, 92: 6369-1373
154 Jiang L, You RL, Li MX., et al., Identification of a sex-associated RAPD marker in Ginkgo biloba. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2003, 45(6): 742-747
155 Katayama and Uematsu C.. Structural analysis of chloroplast DNA in Prunus (Rosaceae): evolution, genetic diversity and unequal mutationsH. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005, 111(7): 1430-1439
156 Kato C. Y., Nagai C., Moore P. H., Zee F., Kim M. S., Steiger D. L. and Ming R.. Intra-specific DNA polymorphism in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) assessed by AFLP markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 51(8): 815-825
157 Kenis K.. and Keulemans J.. Genetic linkage maps of two apple cultivars (Malus × domestica Borkh.) based on AFLP and microsatellite markers. Molecular Breeding, 2005, 15(2): 205-219
158 Khadari B., Grout C., Santoni S. and Kjellberg F.. Contrasted genetic diversity and differentiation among Mediterranean populations of Ficus carica L.: A study using mtDNA RFLP. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(1): 97-109
159 Kim Y. Y., Choi H. S., Kang B. Y.. An AFLP-based likage map of Japanese red pine (Pinus densifloria) using haploid DNA samples of megagametophytes from a single maternal tree. Mol cell. 2005, 111 (8):1661-1672.
160 Kohiljski B., Qnarrie S., Dencic S., Kirhv J., Iveges V. I.. Cenetic diversity of theNovisad Wheat Core Collection Revealed by Micro satellites. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 2002, 7( 2B): 685-694.
161 Kuddus R. H., Kuddus N. N., Dvorchik I.. DNA polymorphism in the living fossil Gingko biloba from the Eastern United States. Genome, 2002, 45: 8-12.
162 Lebrun P., N'cho Y. P., Seguin M., Grivet L.. Genetic diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Baudouin Euphytic, 1998, 101(1): 103-108
163 Lee C. L.. Sex chromosomes in Ginkgo biloba. Amer. J. Bot., 1954, 41: 545-549
164 Lee S. W., Kim Y. Y., Hyun J. O. and Kim Z. S.. Comparison of genetic variation in Pinus densiflora natural populations by allozyme and RAPD analysis. Korean Journal of Breeding, 1997, 29:72-83 (in Korean with English summary)
165 Lewontin R. C.. Apportionment of human diversity. Evolutionary Biology, 1972, 6: 381-398.
166 Li H. L.. Ginkgo-the maidenhair tree. Amer. Hort. Mag., 1961, 40: 239-249
167 Margis R., Felix D., Caldas J. F., Salgueiro F., De Araujo D.S.D., Breyne P., Van Montagu M., De Oliveira D. and Margis-Pinheiro M.. Genetic differentiation among three neighboring Brazil-cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) populations within the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2002, 11(1):149-163
168 Meerow A. W., Wisser R. J., Brown S. J., Kuhn D. N., Schnell R. J., Broschat T. K.. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure within Florida coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm using microsatellite DNA with special emphasis on the Fiji Dwarf cultivar. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 106(4): 715-726
169 Mosseler A., Egger K. N. and Hughes G. A.. Low levels of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Canadian Journal of forest Research, 1992, 22: 1332-1337
170 Newcomer E. H.. The karyotype and possible sex chromosomes of Ginkgo biloba. Amer. J. Bot.,1954: 542-545
171 Ozeki Y. et al.. Changes in activities of enzymes involved in general phenylpropanoid metabolism during the induction and reduction of anthocyanin synguesis in a carrot suspension culture as regulated by 2,4-D, Plant Cell Physiol, 1985,26(5): 903-911
172 Panaud, Chaib A.and Sarr A.. Dynamic conservation of apricot Prunus armeniaca in saharian oases: use of AFLP markers to assess genetic diversity in traditional orchards Olivier. Euphytica, 2002, 128(3): 301-305
173 Patzak J.. Comparison of RAPD, STS, ISSR,and AFLP molecular methods used for assessment of genetic diversity in hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Euphytica, 2001, 121(1): 9-18
174 Pchepmann H. G., Pang J. and Matsuda S. P. T.. Cloning and characterization of Ginkgo biloba Levopimaradiene synthase, which catalyzes the first committed step in ginkgolide biosynthesis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2001, 392(2): 263-269
175 Pillay M., Ogundiwin E., Nwakanma D. C., Ude G., Tenkouano A.. Analysis of genetic diversity and relationships in East African banana germplasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001, 102(6-7): 965-970
176 Pollock E. G... The sex chromosomes of the maidenhair tree. Hereditary, 1957, 48(6): 290-294
177 Rafalski J. A., Vogel J. M., Morgante M. et al.. Generating and using DNA markers in plants. Birren B , Lai E. Nonmammalian genomic analysis. A practical guide, San Diego; Academic Press, 1996: 75-134.
178 Santamour F. S. et al..Checklist of cultivated Ginkgo. Arboriculture, 1983, 9(3): 88-92
179 Sax K. and Sax H.J.. Chromosome number and morphology in the conifers. Arnold Arboretum, 1933, 14: 356-375
180 Seward A. C.. The story of the maidenhair tree. Sci. Progr. (England), 1938, 32: 420-440
181 Shashidhara G., Hema M. V., Koshy B., Farooqi A. A.. Assessment of genetic diversity and identification of core collection in sandalwood germplasm using RAPD; Horti Sci & Biotec, 2003, 78(4): 528-536
182 Schoen D. J. and Brown A. H. D.. Conservation of allelic richness in wild crop relatives is aided by assessment of genetic markers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 1993, 90: 10623-10627
183 Shen L., Chen X. Y., Zhang X.,Li Y. Y., Fu C. X., Qiu Y. X.. Genetic variation of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) based on cpDNA PCR-RFLPs: inference of glacial refugia.Heredity, 2005, 94(4): 396–401
184 Shi S. H., Chang H. T., Chen Y. Q. et al.. Phlogeny of the Hamamelidaceae based on the ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Biochem System Ecology, 1998, 26: 55-69
185 Skinner D. M., Beattie W. G., Blatte A. L. et al.. The repeat sequence of a hermit crab satellite deoxyribonucleic acid is (T-A-G_-G) n*.(A-T-C-G)n. Biochemistry, 1974, 13: 3930-3937.
186 Skroch P. W., Nienhuis J., Beebe S.,Joseph F.. Comparison of mexican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.core and reserve germplasm collections. Corp Sci, 1998, 38: 488-496
187 Solar A., Podjavor?ek A. and ?tampar F. S.. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of European Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Slovenia – Opportunity for Genetic Improvement. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(4): 381-394
188 Steane D. A., Scotland R. W., Mabberley D. J. et al.. Molecular systematics of Clerodendrum( Lamiaceae):ITS sequences and total evidence.Amer J Bot, 1999,86(1): 98-107.
189 Tanaka N., Takemasa N., Sinoto Y.. Karyotype analysis in gymnospermae. I. Karyotype and chromosome bridge in the young leaf meristem of Ginkgo biloba L. Cytologia, 1952, 17:112-123
190 Tautz D.. Hypervariability of simple sequnces as a general source of polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res, 1989, 17: 6463-6471.
191 Tian Y. K., Wang C. H., Zhang J. S., James C. and Dai H. Y.. Mapping Co, a gene controlling the columnar phenotype of apple, with molecular markers Euphytica, 2005, 145(1-2): 181-188
192 Teulat B., Aldam C., Trehin R., Lebrun P., Barker J. H. A., Arnold G. M., Karp A., Baudouin L., Rognon F.. An analysis of genetic diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera) populations from across the geographic range using sequence-tagged microsatellites (SSRs) and AFLPs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000, 100(5): 764-771
193 Tohme J., Gonzales D. O., Beebe S., Duque M. C.. AFLP analysis of wild bean corn collection. Corp Sci, 1996, 36: 1375-1384.
194 Tsumura Y., Ohaba K.. The genetic diversity of isozymes and the possible disseminationof Gingko biloba in ancient times in Japan. In: Hori T., Ridge R.w., Tuleeke W., Del Tredici P., Tremouilaux-Guiller J. and Tobe (Heds.), Gingko biloba-a Global Treasure.Spinger-Verlag, Tokyo, 1997, 159-172 .
195 Upadhyaya H. D., Ortiz R.. A mini core subset for capturing diversity and promoting utilization of chickpea genetic resources in crop improvement. Theoretical and applied Genetics, 2001, 102: 1292-1298
196 Vijayan K., Nair C. V. and Chatterjee S. N.. Molecular characterization of mulberry genetic resources indigenous to India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005, 52(1): 77-86
197 Vos P et al.. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research, 1995, 23(21): 4407-4414
198 Welsh J., M C Clelland M.. Finger printing genomes Using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucleic Acids Research, 1990, 18(22): 7231-7218
199 Williams J. G. K., Kubelik A. R., Livak A. R. et al.. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research, 1990, 18(22): 6531-6535
200 Wu J., Krutovskh K. V. and Strauss S. H.. Nuclear DNA diversity,population differentiation and phylogenetic relationships in the California closed cone pines based on RAPD and allozyme markers. Genome, 1999, 42: 893-908
201 Wünsch A. and Hormaza J. I.. Molecular evaluation of genetic diversity and S-allele composition of local Spanish sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2004, 51(6): 635-641
202 Xu D. H., Wahyuni S., Sato Y., Yamaguchi M., Tsunematsu H. and Ban T.. Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Japanese Peach (Prunus persica L.) Cultivars Revealed by AFLP and Pedigree Tracing. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Published online: 2006, http://springer.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/
203 Yamakawa T. et al.. Production of anthocyanins by vitis cells in suspension culture, Agric. Biol.Chem.,1983, 47: 2185-2191
204 Yamamoto T., Kimura T., Shoda M., Imai T., Saito T., Sawamura Y., Kotobuki K., Hayashi T. and Matsuta N.. Genetic linkage maps constructed by using an interspecificcross between Japanese and European pears Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002, 106(1): 9-18
205 Yamamoto T., Kimura T., Sawamura Y., Manabe T., Kotobuki K., Hayashi T., Ban Y. and Matsuta N.. Simple sequence repeats for genetic analysis in pear. Euphytica, 2002, 124(1): 129-137
206 Yeh F. C., Yang R. C., Boyle T.. POPGENE: a joint project development by Francis C.Yeh and Rong-Cai Yang, Universitv of A1berta and Tim Boyle[DB/CD]Centre for International Forestry Research, 1999.(http://www. ualberta. ca/-fyeh/)
207 Zabeau M., Vos P.. Selecaive restricaion fragment amplification a general method for DNA fingerprinting.European Patent Application94202629, 7(Publication No. 05348 Al). Paris: European Patent Office, 1993
208 Zietkiewicz R., Rafalski A.and Labuda D.. Genome finger printing by simple sequence repeat (SSR) -anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics, 1994, 20: 176-183.