催化铁法与生物法耦合中胞内外聚合物的研究
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摘要
催化铁内电解(CIIE)法作为一种全新的污水处理技术，成功地应用于工业废水的生物预处理，初步实现电化学过程与生化过程的协同。胞外聚合物(EPS)和胞内聚合物(IPS)作为两类重要的细胞聚合物，对生物废水处理的影响重大。本文从微生物学角度研究催化铁法与好氧生物处理工艺的耦合技术，探讨耦合过程中EPS和IPS的形成及转化规律，为耦合工艺开发提供微生物学方面的依据，进一步将催化还原过程的特点与生化反应有机结合起来。
对3种好氧活性污泥样品EPS的提取方法进行了对比，并对阳离子交换树脂法(CER法)进行研究。结果表明：80℃加热法作为一种有效的EPS物理提取方法，提取过程中EPS不受污染，是好氧活性污泥EPS提取的有效方法，本课题的研究均采用加热法进行EPS的提取。
分别对生物铁法和催化铁法对EPS的影响进行了研究。发现金属离子主要分布在污泥中，其EPS中Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)金属离子的含量也比对照反应器的略高一些。催化铁法中，铁离子的产生对微生物的生长和EPS的形成有一定的促进作用(反应器中总铁量小于80mg／gSS)；但过量的铁离子(反应器中总铁量大于80mg／gSS)会对EPS的形成造成负面影响。
采用SEM、zeta电位测定仪和絮体粒径分布测定仪等进行污泥絮体的观察，结果证实耦合工艺对活性污泥的絮凝、沉降和脱水性能都有改善作用，且会对活性污泥的形态结构、污泥密实度产生影响，使污泥变得更加密实些；耦合工艺中，污泥的一些表面特性发生改变，包括zeta电位和污泥粒径分布等。
研究了生物铁法和催化铁法中胞内聚合物的形成，并考察它们与体系中脱氮除磷之间的关系。发现生物铁法耦合体系中，COD在曝气初期急剧下降，并且IPS的形成和消耗规律都会发生变化；催化铁法中，铁离子的大量产生，对存在最广泛的胞内聚合物—聚羟基-β-羟基丁酸(酯)(PHB)的形成和积累会造成影响，从而间接影响到生物除磷效率。耦合工艺的抗冲击负荷能力比对照反应器的强，铁铜投加量对磷的去除有较大影响。
考察了生物处理中EPS和IPS的形成。对EPS和IPS的形成关系进行了研究，结果发现IPS中PHB含量远远高于胞内糖原和EPS的含量，PHB是耦合体系中积累能力最强的细胞聚合物。EPS和IPS之间存在竞争关系，尤其是EPS和PHB之间的竞争关系非常明显。金属离子的存在会改变胞内外聚合物的这种竞争关系。
参与开发了两套耦合工艺：催化铁法与悬浮填料生物膜法耦合和催化铁法与短程硝化反硝化SBR工艺耦合。对这两组耦合工艺中COD、色度、TP、TN等去除情况以及同时脱氮除磷进行研究。结果证实了耦合工艺中，微生物的生长情况优于对照反应器。耦合反应器对各主要污染因子(COD、色度、PO_4~(3-)-p、TP和TN)的去除效果均好于未耦合反应器。在常温25℃状态下，催化铁法与短程硝化反硝化SBR工艺耦合，更易造成短程硝化的产生，且能明显缩短硝化时间。催化铁法与短程硝化反硝化SBR工艺耦合具有良好的除磷效果，耦合工艺对反应器中的磷元素有较大影响，耦合后污泥EPS中的磷含量大大减少。
The catalyzed iron inner electrolysis (CIIE) process is a new developed methodfor wastewater treatment, which was applied to industrial wastewater asbio-pretreatment successfully and combined the process of electro-chemistry with itsof bio-chemistry initially. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and intracellularpolymeric substances (IPS), which are two important kinds of cellular polymericsubstances, play an important role in biological wastewater treatment. In this paper,studies on coupling technology of catalyzed iron method and aerobic bio-treatmentand law of formation and transformation of EPS and IPS, which will provide thebiological basis for developing coupling technology and further organically combinethe process of catalytic reduction with bio-chemistry reaction.
Some extraction methods of EPS of three activated sludge were compared andextraction of cation exchange resin method (CER) was investigated here. The resultsshowed that heating to 80℃is very effective extraction method, which is effectivemethod for extrating activated sludge without contaminating EPS during theextraction procedure. Heating to 80℃was used to all experiments of this paper.
The influence of bio-ferric process and bio-iron filling process on EPS wasstudied. Metal ion mainly distributed in suldge, and the content of Fe~(3+) and Cu~(2+) ishigher in EPS of coupling reactor than in the controlling one. In the catalyzed ironmethod, the production of ferric ion benefit the growth of microorganism and theproduction of EPS when the total content of ferric ion in the reactor was lowed than80mg/gSS. However, superfluous ferric ion, which content exceeded to 80mg/gSS,can inhibit the living activity of microorganism and produce negative effects of EPSformation.
Furthermore, the results obtained through SEM, zetasizer and particle sizedistribution analyzer confirmed that coupling technology improved flocculation,settlement and dewatering of activated sludge and effected on conformation, frame,and dense of sludge to get compacting activated sludge. Also, the surface character of sludge was changed in coupling technology, such as zeta potential and particledistribution.
The formation of IPS in bio-ferric process and bio-iron filling process wasinvestigated. The results showed that COD rapidly decreased in the initial aerationstage and the law of formation and consuming of IPS was changed. The production offerric ion in catalyzed iron method had effects on the formation and accumulation ofIPS, which influenced the efficiency of biological denitrification and phosphorusremoval indirectly. The capability of resisting sudden load change of couplingtechnology was stronger than its of controling recator, and the addition of iron andcopper had a great influence on phosphorus removal.
The formation of EPS and IPS in biological treatment was surveyed. In the result,the content of PHB of IPS was far too higher than its of intraglucogen and EPS. Thecapacity of accumulation of IPS was the strongest among the three polymericsubstances in the coupling system. Competitive growth existed in EPS and IPS,especially in EPS and PHB. The existence of metal ion can change this competitivegrowth of extra-and intra-cellular polymeric substances.
Take part in developing two coupling technology-catalyzed iron internalelectrolysis coupling with biofilm treatment and nitrogen removal in iron innerelectrolysis-biological coupling process. The removal of COD, chroma, TP and TNand simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated. The resultsshowed that the growth of microorganism in coupling reactor was better than incoupoling one. The removal effects of pollution factors in coupling reactors were allsuperior to those in coupling one, such as COD, chroma, TP and TN. At thetemperature of 25℃, the procedure of shortcut nitrification-denitrification producedeasily and the time of shortcut nitrification-denitrification can be decreased innitrogen removal in iron inner electrolysis-biological coupling process. The effect ofphosphorus removal was high in nitrogen removal in iron inner electrolysis-biologicalcoupling process, in which P was influenced greatly and P was reduced enormously insludge in coupling technology.
对3种好氧活性污泥样品EPS的提取方法进行了对比，并对阳离子交换树脂法(CER法)进行研究。结果表明：80℃加热法作为一种有效的EPS物理提取方法，提取过程中EPS不受污染，是好氧活性污泥EPS提取的有效方法，本课题的研究均采用加热法进行EPS的提取。
分别对生物铁法和催化铁法对EPS的影响进行了研究。发现金属离子主要分布在污泥中，其EPS中Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)金属离子的含量也比对照反应器的略高一些。催化铁法中，铁离子的产生对微生物的生长和EPS的形成有一定的促进作用(反应器中总铁量小于80mg／gSS)；但过量的铁离子(反应器中总铁量大于80mg／gSS)会对EPS的形成造成负面影响。
采用SEM、zeta电位测定仪和絮体粒径分布测定仪等进行污泥絮体的观察，结果证实耦合工艺对活性污泥的絮凝、沉降和脱水性能都有改善作用，且会对活性污泥的形态结构、污泥密实度产生影响，使污泥变得更加密实些；耦合工艺中，污泥的一些表面特性发生改变，包括zeta电位和污泥粒径分布等。
研究了生物铁法和催化铁法中胞内聚合物的形成，并考察它们与体系中脱氮除磷之间的关系。发现生物铁法耦合体系中，COD在曝气初期急剧下降，并且IPS的形成和消耗规律都会发生变化；催化铁法中，铁离子的大量产生，对存在最广泛的胞内聚合物—聚羟基-β-羟基丁酸(酯)(PHB)的形成和积累会造成影响，从而间接影响到生物除磷效率。耦合工艺的抗冲击负荷能力比对照反应器的强，铁铜投加量对磷的去除有较大影响。
考察了生物处理中EPS和IPS的形成。对EPS和IPS的形成关系进行了研究，结果发现IPS中PHB含量远远高于胞内糖原和EPS的含量，PHB是耦合体系中积累能力最强的细胞聚合物。EPS和IPS之间存在竞争关系，尤其是EPS和PHB之间的竞争关系非常明显。金属离子的存在会改变胞内外聚合物的这种竞争关系。
参与开发了两套耦合工艺：催化铁法与悬浮填料生物膜法耦合和催化铁法与短程硝化反硝化SBR工艺耦合。对这两组耦合工艺中COD、色度、TP、TN等去除情况以及同时脱氮除磷进行研究。结果证实了耦合工艺中，微生物的生长情况优于对照反应器。耦合反应器对各主要污染因子(COD、色度、PO_4~(3-)-p、TP和TN)的去除效果均好于未耦合反应器。在常温25℃状态下，催化铁法与短程硝化反硝化SBR工艺耦合，更易造成短程硝化的产生，且能明显缩短硝化时间。催化铁法与短程硝化反硝化SBR工艺耦合具有良好的除磷效果，耦合工艺对反应器中的磷元素有较大影响，耦合后污泥EPS中的磷含量大大减少。
The catalyzed iron inner electrolysis (CIIE) process is a new developed methodfor wastewater treatment, which was applied to industrial wastewater asbio-pretreatment successfully and combined the process of electro-chemistry with itsof bio-chemistry initially. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and intracellularpolymeric substances (IPS), which are two important kinds of cellular polymericsubstances, play an important role in biological wastewater treatment. In this paper,studies on coupling technology of catalyzed iron method and aerobic bio-treatmentand law of formation and transformation of EPS and IPS, which will provide thebiological basis for developing coupling technology and further organically combinethe process of catalytic reduction with bio-chemistry reaction.
Some extraction methods of EPS of three activated sludge were compared andextraction of cation exchange resin method (CER) was investigated here. The resultsshowed that heating to 80℃is very effective extraction method, which is effectivemethod for extrating activated sludge without contaminating EPS during theextraction procedure. Heating to 80℃was used to all experiments of this paper.
The influence of bio-ferric process and bio-iron filling process on EPS wasstudied. Metal ion mainly distributed in suldge, and the content of Fe~(3+) and Cu~(2+) ishigher in EPS of coupling reactor than in the controlling one. In the catalyzed ironmethod, the production of ferric ion benefit the growth of microorganism and theproduction of EPS when the total content of ferric ion in the reactor was lowed than80mg/gSS. However, superfluous ferric ion, which content exceeded to 80mg/gSS,can inhibit the living activity of microorganism and produce negative effects of EPSformation.
Furthermore, the results obtained through SEM, zetasizer and particle sizedistribution analyzer confirmed that coupling technology improved flocculation,settlement and dewatering of activated sludge and effected on conformation, frame,and dense of sludge to get compacting activated sludge. Also, the surface character of sludge was changed in coupling technology, such as zeta potential and particledistribution.
The formation of IPS in bio-ferric process and bio-iron filling process wasinvestigated. The results showed that COD rapidly decreased in the initial aerationstage and the law of formation and consuming of IPS was changed. The production offerric ion in catalyzed iron method had effects on the formation and accumulation ofIPS, which influenced the efficiency of biological denitrification and phosphorusremoval indirectly. The capability of resisting sudden load change of couplingtechnology was stronger than its of controling recator, and the addition of iron andcopper had a great influence on phosphorus removal.
The formation of EPS and IPS in biological treatment was surveyed. In the result,the content of PHB of IPS was far too higher than its of intraglucogen and EPS. Thecapacity of accumulation of IPS was the strongest among the three polymericsubstances in the coupling system. Competitive growth existed in EPS and IPS,especially in EPS and PHB. The existence of metal ion can change this competitivegrowth of extra-and intra-cellular polymeric substances.
Take part in developing two coupling technology-catalyzed iron internalelectrolysis coupling with biofilm treatment and nitrogen removal in iron innerelectrolysis-biological coupling process. The removal of COD, chroma, TP and TNand simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated. The resultsshowed that the growth of microorganism in coupling reactor was better than incoupoling one. The removal effects of pollution factors in coupling reactors were allsuperior to those in coupling one, such as COD, chroma, TP and TN. At thetemperature of 25℃, the procedure of shortcut nitrification-denitrification producedeasily and the time of shortcut nitrification-denitrification can be decreased innitrogen removal in iron inner electrolysis-biological coupling process. The effect ofphosphorus removal was high in nitrogen removal in iron inner electrolysis-biologicalcoupling process, in which P was influenced greatly and P was reduced enormously insludge in coupling technology.
引文
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