双酶法合成D-HPG转化条件的研究及高产菌株的选育
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摘要
本论文以中华根瘤菌S菌为对象,考察了菌种生长特性的基础性参数,包括生长曲线、发酵液pH值的变化、菌种形态。结果显示:菌体在14小时左右达到最大生长量;发酵液pH值随着时间的变化而升高;菌体偏小,相连,呈椭圆形。
     在前期工作的基础上,进行了双酶法合成D-对羟基苯甘氨酸过程基础参数的考察,首先建立了前体和产物的定性及定量检测方法,即TLC法和HPLC法;后对菌种转化能力进行考察,核实了该菌种确有转化能力,在对菌体内酶活的测定中得出,在菌体对数生长期后期酶活达到最大值。同时对生物转化条件进行了优化,包括前体的溶解度问题、缓冲液pH值、菌体和前体量的比例等,结果显示:缓冲液pH值为7.0,适当提高菌浓和底物浓度的比例都有较高的转化率。
     对菌体进行紫外诱变、NTG诱变、紫外加NTG诱变、紫外加氯化锂诱变等多次诱变,以提高菌体的酶活力,采用底物类似物抗性筛选法来初筛高产菌株,HPLC法复筛。测定了上万株有5-氟尿嘧啶抗性的突变株的酶活力,得到的突变株S-8-56转化率比出发菌株提高了2.15倍。
     对菌体的液体培养基进行了优化,对碳源、氮源、金属离子、磷酸盐及pH值等因素进行了考察,对此菌的产酶条件的研究表明,产酶的最佳碳源为甘油和蔗糖,最佳氮源为酵母提取物。柠檬酸和Cu~(2+)离子对产酶有明显抑制作用。此菌产酶最适培养基组成为(%):蔗糖0.5,甘油1.0,酵母提取物0.5及NaCl 0.3,MnSO_4·4H_2O 0.01,CaCl_2·2H_2O 0.02,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.01,FeSO_4·7H_2O 0.01,K_2HPO_4·3H_2O 0.1。酶的最适培养基的初始pH值为6.5,培养条件为30℃,14h。
     经过对转化条件的优化,菌种的诱变筛选及培养基的优化,菌株的转化率达到68.5%,比初始值提高了8.78倍。
In this paper,the underlying parametes about growth property of S.strain ,including growth curve、 the change of pH in the liquid of fermentation and the morphology of bacteria, was observed. The result indicated that the concentration of S.strain achieved maximum after about 14 hours, that pH in the liquid of fermentation increased gradually with the change of time. So S.strain is presumed as alkali-yielding bacteria, and the thallus is relatively small and connected, with a shape of branch and roll.
    On the basis of previous work, the underlying parametes of the process of producing D-hydroxypHenylglycine via the bi-catalysis was investigated .By establishing the method of determining substrate and product, namely HPLC, the ability of conversion was observed and the spectific activity of D-Hase and DCase was also determined. The conclusion was that the spectific activity reached maximum during the anaphase of logarithm growth term. Meanwhile, the condition of bio-conversion, including pH of buffer、 the ratio of substrate concentration and bacteria weight, was also optimized elementarily. The result showed that pH 7.0 of buffer and appropriately increasing bacteria weight both result in a relatively high yield of conversion.
    Hydantoinase and Carbamolyase overproduction strains were bred by use of substrate analogue resistant mutation. S.strain was treated by UV, NTG, UV plus NTG and UV plus LiCl successively. Mutant S-8-56 which produced hydantoinase and carbamolyase 2.15 folds higher than that of original strain was obtained from ten thousand strains of mutants with 5-FU resistance by determination of enzyme activity.
    Optimal conditions for the growth and enzyme activity of S.strain were defined.The results suggested that the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source were glycerol, sucrose and yeast extract. Enzyme activity was inhibited by citric acid and Cu~(2+) ion. Suitable medium consists of 0.5% sucrose、 1.0% glycero、 0.5% yeast extract , 0.3% NaCl, 0.01% MnSO_4·4H_2O, 0.02% CaCl_2·2H_2O,0.01% MgSO_4·7H_2O,0.01% FeSO_4·7H_2O,0.1% K_2HPO_4·3H_2O. The optimal initial pH of the media was 6.5. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at 30℃ incubation for 14 hours.
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