中国通信设备制造业竞争力研究
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摘要
从2008年的美国次贷危机所引发的全球金融危机以来,贸易保护主义有所抬头,而随着中国国际贸易地位的不断提高,中国制造业所面临的竞争环境发生了巨大的变化。作为一国综合国力和整体竞争力的重要先导产业,通信设备制造业国际竞争力的水平更是中国综合竞争力的重要体现。20世纪80年代以来,中国通信设备制造业作为高技术产业的重要组成部分,已经发展成为一个较为完整的体系,并逐渐成为了世界通信设备加工制造的中心。中国通信设备制造业处于高速发展之中,就2009年1月-11月,中国通信设备制造业累计实现产品销售收入7486.18亿元。世界市场上不乏比较有竞争力的中国通信设备制造商,如中兴、华为等,对中国通信设备制造业的竞争力进行正确系统的评价与分析显得尤为重要。
本文首先描述了通信设备制造业的含义特征,以及中国通信设备制造业的现状;其次,建立了中国通信设备制造业竞争力评价指标体系,介绍了评价指标选取的方式、原则,详细介绍了各项指标,并指出中国通信设备制造业竞争力评价指标体系的评价方法;第三,运用该指标体系对2003年-2008年中国通信设备制造业的相关数据,从竞争实力与竞争潜力两方面对中国通信设备制造业竞争力进行了评价与数据实证分析;第四,又运用单项指标评价法对国内不同时期以及国内外相同时期的通信设备制造业竞争力水平分别进行了横向与纵向的比较,得出了中国通信设备制造业近些年来的发展状况以及国内外通信设备制造业先进水平之间的差距;最后,对以上内容进行总结,提出中国通信设备制造业存在的问题,并提出了一定的对策建议。
通过本文研究认为,近几年来,中国通信设备制造业处于高发展阶段,从世界范围来看,其综合竞争力一直保持在较高的水平。虽然受世界竞争环境的影响,中国通信设备制造业2007年和2008年的现实竞争力指标数据有所下降,但是潜在竞争力指标数据较理想,竞争潜力巨大,有很大的发展空间。本文针对实证结果进行详细分析,提出了中国通信设备制造业目前存在的一些问题,如产业附加值仍然较低;结构性矛盾影响着通信设备制造业的发展,外资企业占主要部分;没有形成一个集中对外、统一引进、联合再创新的格局,存在着较多重复引进,造成了大量资金浪费等等。同时,针对中国通信设备制造业的发展提出了提升该产业国际竞争力的对策建议,如建立完善的国家创新体系,用科学发展观指导科技创新,提升产业自主创新能力,健全技术引进协调机制,避免重复引进等等。
From the 2008 U.S. subprime mortgage crisis triggered by the global financial crisis, trade protectionism is on the rise, and the status of international trade with China continues to improve, the competitive environment facing the manufacturing industry has undergone tremendous changes. Comprehensive national strength as a country and an important leader in the overall competitiveness of industry, communication equipment manufacturing industry more internationally competitive level is an important manifestation of the comprehensive competitiveness. During the 1980s, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry has formed a relatively complete industrial system category; the world communications equipment manufacturing hub is gradually established. Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry has shown a rapid development of the state, in January 2009 to 11 months, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry realized a total sales income of 748.618 billion yuan. No shortage of world markets are more competitive Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturers such as Huawei, ZTE, etc. It is particularly important to analysis of the correct and systematical evaluation of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry's competitiveness.
This paper first describes the meaning of the communications equipment industry characteristics, and the status of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry; Secondly, the establishment of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry competitiveness evaluation index system, introduced the evaluation index selection method, in principle, details of each indicators, and pointed out that Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry competitiveness evaluation index system of evaluation methods; Thirdly, the use of the indicator system for the 2003 to 2008 Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry data, competitive strength and competitive potential from both on the competitiveness of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry were evaluated and empirical analysis of data; fourthly, the use of single index evaluation method of the same country during different periods, and domestic and international competitiveness of the communications equipment manufacturing level were carried out comparison of horizontal and vertical obtained in recent years, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry and the development of advanced communication equipment manufacturing at home and abroad the gap between; Finally, the content of the above summarized, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing problems, and proposed some suggestions.
Through this study that, in recent years, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry is in a high stage of development, from a global point of view, its overall competitiveness has remained at a higher level. Although the impact of competition by the world, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry in 2007 and 2008 data in real decline in the competitiveness index, but the potential competitiveness indicator data are good, there is much room for development. In this paper, the results of a detailed empirical analysis of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry made a number of existing problems, such as industrial added value is still low ; and the structural contradictions of the communication equipment manufacturing industry, foreign-funded enterprises accounted for the main part; not formed outside of a centralized, unified introduction, the pattern of the joint re-innovation, there is more to introduce the phenomenon of repeated, resulting in waste of large sums of money and so on. Meanwhile, for the development of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry is proposed to enhance the international competitiveness of the industry's suggestions, such as the establishment of a sound national innovation system, with the scientific development concept to guide scientific and technological innovation, enhance the ability of independent innovation, improve the coordination of technology transfer mechanisms to avoid duplication of the introduction and so on.
本文首先描述了通信设备制造业的含义特征,以及中国通信设备制造业的现状;其次,建立了中国通信设备制造业竞争力评价指标体系,介绍了评价指标选取的方式、原则,详细介绍了各项指标,并指出中国通信设备制造业竞争力评价指标体系的评价方法;第三,运用该指标体系对2003年-2008年中国通信设备制造业的相关数据,从竞争实力与竞争潜力两方面对中国通信设备制造业竞争力进行了评价与数据实证分析;第四,又运用单项指标评价法对国内不同时期以及国内外相同时期的通信设备制造业竞争力水平分别进行了横向与纵向的比较,得出了中国通信设备制造业近些年来的发展状况以及国内外通信设备制造业先进水平之间的差距;最后,对以上内容进行总结,提出中国通信设备制造业存在的问题,并提出了一定的对策建议。
通过本文研究认为,近几年来,中国通信设备制造业处于高发展阶段,从世界范围来看,其综合竞争力一直保持在较高的水平。虽然受世界竞争环境的影响,中国通信设备制造业2007年和2008年的现实竞争力指标数据有所下降,但是潜在竞争力指标数据较理想,竞争潜力巨大,有很大的发展空间。本文针对实证结果进行详细分析,提出了中国通信设备制造业目前存在的一些问题,如产业附加值仍然较低;结构性矛盾影响着通信设备制造业的发展,外资企业占主要部分;没有形成一个集中对外、统一引进、联合再创新的格局,存在着较多重复引进,造成了大量资金浪费等等。同时,针对中国通信设备制造业的发展提出了提升该产业国际竞争力的对策建议,如建立完善的国家创新体系,用科学发展观指导科技创新,提升产业自主创新能力,健全技术引进协调机制,避免重复引进等等。
From the 2008 U.S. subprime mortgage crisis triggered by the global financial crisis, trade protectionism is on the rise, and the status of international trade with China continues to improve, the competitive environment facing the manufacturing industry has undergone tremendous changes. Comprehensive national strength as a country and an important leader in the overall competitiveness of industry, communication equipment manufacturing industry more internationally competitive level is an important manifestation of the comprehensive competitiveness. During the 1980s, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry has formed a relatively complete industrial system category; the world communications equipment manufacturing hub is gradually established. Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry has shown a rapid development of the state, in January 2009 to 11 months, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry realized a total sales income of 748.618 billion yuan. No shortage of world markets are more competitive Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturers such as Huawei, ZTE, etc. It is particularly important to analysis of the correct and systematical evaluation of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry's competitiveness.
This paper first describes the meaning of the communications equipment industry characteristics, and the status of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry; Secondly, the establishment of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry competitiveness evaluation index system, introduced the evaluation index selection method, in principle, details of each indicators, and pointed out that Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry competitiveness evaluation index system of evaluation methods; Thirdly, the use of the indicator system for the 2003 to 2008 Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry data, competitive strength and competitive potential from both on the competitiveness of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry were evaluated and empirical analysis of data; fourthly, the use of single index evaluation method of the same country during different periods, and domestic and international competitiveness of the communications equipment manufacturing level were carried out comparison of horizontal and vertical obtained in recent years, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry and the development of advanced communication equipment manufacturing at home and abroad the gap between; Finally, the content of the above summarized, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing problems, and proposed some suggestions.
Through this study that, in recent years, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry is in a high stage of development, from a global point of view, its overall competitiveness has remained at a higher level. Although the impact of competition by the world, Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry in 2007 and 2008 data in real decline in the competitiveness index, but the potential competitiveness indicator data are good, there is much room for development. In this paper, the results of a detailed empirical analysis of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry made a number of existing problems, such as industrial added value is still low ; and the structural contradictions of the communication equipment manufacturing industry, foreign-funded enterprises accounted for the main part; not formed outside of a centralized, unified introduction, the pattern of the joint re-innovation, there is more to introduce the phenomenon of repeated, resulting in waste of large sums of money and so on. Meanwhile, for the development of Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry is proposed to enhance the international competitiveness of the industry's suggestions, such as the establishment of a sound national innovation system, with the scientific development concept to guide scientific and technological innovation, enhance the ability of independent innovation, improve the coordination of technology transfer mechanisms to avoid duplication of the introduction and so on.
引文
①柳艳明,中兴公司的经营与战略分析[D].硕士学位论文,北京邮电大学,2007
③张爱华,产业国际竞争力评价及对我国的实证研究[D].硕士学位论文,武汉理工大学,2004
④徐殿文,中国煤炭行业的产业国际竞争力分析[J],东南大学学报:哲社版,2004年增刊
⑤穆荣平,中国通信设备制造业国际竞争力评价[ J ].科学学研究, 2000, (3)
⑥杨令媛,产业国际竞争力问题的研究及应用—中国电信产业竞争力分析[D].硕士学位论文,对外经济贸易大学,2003
⑦黎莉,通讯设备制造业微利时代成长策略研究[D].硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2008
⑧吴灼亮,穆荣平,中国通信设备制造业竞争力态势分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005(3)
[1] Michael E.Porter,and Scott Stern. Global Competitiveness report[R]. National Innovative Capacity,2002.
[2] C.K.Prahalad,G.Hamel.The Core Competence of the Corporation[J].Harward Business Review,1990
[3] Chobanyan,A.,Leigh,L.The competitive advantages of nations:Applying the "Diamond"model to Armenia International Journal of EmerginMarkets, 2006
[4] A.F.Farhoomand,J.K.H.The building of a new business ecosystem:sustaining national competitive advantage through electronic commerce[J].Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,v11,n4,2001
[5]柳艳明,中兴公司的经营与战略分析[D].硕士学位论文,北京邮电大学,2007
[6]张爱华,产业国际竞争力评价及对我国的实证研究[D].硕士学位论文,武汉理工大学,2004
[7]徐殿文,中国煤炭行业的产业国际竞争力分析[J].东南大学学报:哲社版,2004年增刊
[8]穆荣平,中国通信设备制造业国际竞争力评价[ J ].科学学研究, 2000, (3)
[9]杨令媛,产业国际竞争力问题的研究及应用—中国电信产业竞争力分析[D].硕士学位论文,对外经济贸易大学,2003
[10]黎莉,通讯设备制造业微利时代成长策略研究[D].硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2008
[11]吴灼亮,穆荣平,中国通信设备制造业竞争力态势分析[ J ].科学学与科学技术管理, 2005 ,(3)
[12] 2009年通信设备制造行业分析报告,中国经济信息网
[13]袁晓玲,张宝山,方莹,通信设备制造业全要素生产率增长与技术进步[J].经济管理,2009,(1)
[14]李云凌,我国通信设备制造业国际竞争力实证分析[D].硕士学位论文,江南大学,2008
[15]张金昌,国际竞争力评价的理论和方法研究[D].博士学位论文,中国社会科学院,2001
[16] [美]迈克尔.波特,国家竞争优势[M],李明轩,邱如美译,郑凤田校,北京:华夏出版社,2002
[17]金碚,竞争力经济学[M ].广州:广东经济出版社, 2003,(1)
[18]谢磊,从中兴通讯看中国通信设备制造业现状及未来的发展[D].硕士学位论文,复旦大学,2008
[19]赵颖,基于技术创新的通信设备制造业国际竞争力研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京交通大学,2007
[20]许书铭,产业国际竞争力之发展及其影响因素分析[D ].台湾大学商学院研究博士论文, 2000
[21]金碚,李钢,陈志,加入WTO以来中国制造业国际竞争力的实证分析[J].中国工业经济, 2006,(10)
[22]周建,企业战略联盟的竞争力研究:核心竞争能力的观点,南开管理评论, 2000,(1)
[23]张金昌,国际竞争力评价的理论和方法,北京:经济科学出版社,2002
[24]韩中和,企业竞争力:理论与案例分析,上海:复旦大学出版社,2000
[25]胡大立,企业竞争力论,北京:经济管理出版社,2001
[26]陈卫平,朱述斌,“钻石模型”国外竞争力理论的新发展[J].经济前沿, 2002,(5)
[27]陈立敏,谭力文,评价中国制造业国际竞争力的实证方法研究——兼与波特指标及产业分类法比较[J].中国工业经济,2004,(5)
[28]黄续刚,核心竞争力的动态管理[M].经济管理出版社,2004
[29]赵彦云,张明倩,北京市制造业竞争力分析与对策研究[J].工业经济,2004,(3)
[30]刘叶云,我国企业国际竞争力评价指标体系建构及测度方法研究[J].中国软科学,2003,(7)
[31]潘忠敏,迈克尔.波特《国家竞争优势》研评[D].硕士学位论文,对外经济贸易大学,2005
[32]匡致远,高技术产业国际竞争力研究—主要因素和产业聚群[D].硕士学位论文,暨南大学,2001
[33]陈世状,通信设备制造业竞争力的灰色关联模型及其应用[D].硕士学位论文,华中科技大学,2006
③张爱华,产业国际竞争力评价及对我国的实证研究[D].硕士学位论文,武汉理工大学,2004
④徐殿文,中国煤炭行业的产业国际竞争力分析[J],东南大学学报:哲社版,2004年增刊
⑤穆荣平,中国通信设备制造业国际竞争力评价[ J ].科学学研究, 2000, (3)
⑥杨令媛,产业国际竞争力问题的研究及应用—中国电信产业竞争力分析[D].硕士学位论文,对外经济贸易大学,2003
⑦黎莉,通讯设备制造业微利时代成长策略研究[D].硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2008
⑧吴灼亮,穆荣平,中国通信设备制造业竞争力态势分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005(3)
[1] Michael E.Porter,and Scott Stern. Global Competitiveness report[R]. National Innovative Capacity,2002.
[2] C.K.Prahalad,G.Hamel.The Core Competence of the Corporation[J].Harward Business Review,1990
[3] Chobanyan,A.,Leigh,L.The competitive advantages of nations:Applying the "Diamond"model to Armenia International Journal of EmerginMarkets, 2006
[4] A.F.Farhoomand,J.K.H.The building of a new business ecosystem:sustaining national competitive advantage through electronic commerce[J].Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,v11,n4,2001
[5]柳艳明,中兴公司的经营与战略分析[D].硕士学位论文,北京邮电大学,2007
[6]张爱华,产业国际竞争力评价及对我国的实证研究[D].硕士学位论文,武汉理工大学,2004
[7]徐殿文,中国煤炭行业的产业国际竞争力分析[J].东南大学学报:哲社版,2004年增刊
[8]穆荣平,中国通信设备制造业国际竞争力评价[ J ].科学学研究, 2000, (3)
[9]杨令媛,产业国际竞争力问题的研究及应用—中国电信产业竞争力分析[D].硕士学位论文,对外经济贸易大学,2003
[10]黎莉,通讯设备制造业微利时代成长策略研究[D].硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2008
[11]吴灼亮,穆荣平,中国通信设备制造业竞争力态势分析[ J ].科学学与科学技术管理, 2005 ,(3)
[12] 2009年通信设备制造行业分析报告,中国经济信息网
[13]袁晓玲,张宝山,方莹,通信设备制造业全要素生产率增长与技术进步[J].经济管理,2009,(1)
[14]李云凌,我国通信设备制造业国际竞争力实证分析[D].硕士学位论文,江南大学,2008
[15]张金昌,国际竞争力评价的理论和方法研究[D].博士学位论文,中国社会科学院,2001
[16] [美]迈克尔.波特,国家竞争优势[M],李明轩,邱如美译,郑凤田校,北京:华夏出版社,2002
[17]金碚,竞争力经济学[M ].广州:广东经济出版社, 2003,(1)
[18]谢磊,从中兴通讯看中国通信设备制造业现状及未来的发展[D].硕士学位论文,复旦大学,2008
[19]赵颖,基于技术创新的通信设备制造业国际竞争力研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京交通大学,2007
[20]许书铭,产业国际竞争力之发展及其影响因素分析[D ].台湾大学商学院研究博士论文, 2000
[21]金碚,李钢,陈志,加入WTO以来中国制造业国际竞争力的实证分析[J].中国工业经济, 2006,(10)
[22]周建,企业战略联盟的竞争力研究:核心竞争能力的观点,南开管理评论, 2000,(1)
[23]张金昌,国际竞争力评价的理论和方法,北京:经济科学出版社,2002
[24]韩中和,企业竞争力:理论与案例分析,上海:复旦大学出版社,2000
[25]胡大立,企业竞争力论,北京:经济管理出版社,2001
[26]陈卫平,朱述斌,“钻石模型”国外竞争力理论的新发展[J].经济前沿, 2002,(5)
[27]陈立敏,谭力文,评价中国制造业国际竞争力的实证方法研究——兼与波特指标及产业分类法比较[J].中国工业经济,2004,(5)
[28]黄续刚,核心竞争力的动态管理[M].经济管理出版社,2004
[29]赵彦云,张明倩,北京市制造业竞争力分析与对策研究[J].工业经济,2004,(3)
[30]刘叶云,我国企业国际竞争力评价指标体系建构及测度方法研究[J].中国软科学,2003,(7)
[31]潘忠敏,迈克尔.波特《国家竞争优势》研评[D].硕士学位论文,对外经济贸易大学,2005
[32]匡致远,高技术产业国际竞争力研究—主要因素和产业聚群[D].硕士学位论文,暨南大学,2001
[33]陈世状,通信设备制造业竞争力的灰色关联模型及其应用[D].硕士学位论文,华中科技大学,2006