摘要
城乡总体规划是指导城乡发展和建设的法定性文件,也是实施城乡建设、城乡管理的基本依据,对规范城乡土地开发活动,保护和改善生态环境,具有重要的意义。进入21世纪,中国城乡规划体系面临巨大的机遇和挑战,经济、政治体制改革、经济全球化及中国城镇化快速发展等均对我国总体规划提出了新的要求。科学发展观要求城乡总体规划应以经济和社会的可持续发展为目标,以构建城乡生态和空间为支撑,以完善城乡发展制度为根本保障。城乡总体规划的制定过程引入战略环境评价,为环境与发展综合决策机制提供技术支持、运行框架和长远效益,推动环境与发展综合决策机制的建立和完善。我国传统的环境影响评价主要是针对建设项目而进行的,一般实行的是事后评价,因此建设项目的环境影响评价只能补救小范围的环境损害,无法从决策源头上保护环境。《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》规定了规划环境影响评价,在战略环境评价阶段推进规划环评,因此,对城乡总体规划进行战略环境评价是时势所趋。
论文以可持续发展为基础理论,从环境经济学、循环经济理论及在规划方面的应用入手,提出了战略经济环境复合系统理论,即研究战略系统、经济系统、环境系统的复合系统,它是一个开放的复杂巨系统,也同样具有耗散结构特征,并且把综合集成方法作为其研究方法之一。
论文以城乡总体规划为研究对象,旨在构建科学合理的城乡总体规划战略环境评价结构框架。通过对城乡总体规划的内容即把握宏观的城乡建设总的发展方向,研究城乡土地利用及布局等的分析,它的宏观定位为建构城乡总体规划战略环境评价结构框架奠定了基础。战略环境评价有着完整的一套应用程序,在各种及各行规划中起到了一定的作用。把战略环境评价应用于城乡总体规划政策制定、战略的选择、规划的编制及实施,并通过系统的评价因素的确定及评价过程的建立,构建完整的适用于城乡总体规划的战略环境评价结构框架。
任何战略的实施都需要一定技术方法的支撑,城乡总体规划战略环境评价也不例外。论文从研究国外较完备的战略环境评价技术方法体系入手,通过对我国自从开展规划环境影响评价以来逐渐形成的比较系统的战略环境评价技术方法体系的研究,提出了城乡总体规划战略环境评价的技术方法体系,包括应用战略环境评价常用的技术方法,同时提出城乡总体规划分阶段应用的技术与方法,并进行了主要的技术方法应用与示范。城乡总体规划战略环境评价技术方法体系的建立有利于推进战略环境评价的研究进展,使其更广泛地应用规划各个领域。
战略环境评价的实施离不开制度的保障,论文通过对多元参与制度、委员会制度、社会监督协调机制、决策保障机制、法律制度、实施保障制度等对战略环境评价过程与结果的保障研究,使得战略环境评价结果更具有可靠性、透明性及可操作性。
实例研究是检验城乡总体规划战略环境评价的重要手段,论文通过对大庆高新区主体区总体规划战略环境评价的研究,验证了研究的结构框架构建的合理性,技术方法体系、制度保障体系建立的科学性,指出了其具有的代表性及实践意义。
总之,通过对城乡总体规划战略环境评价的研究,初步建构城乡总体规划战略环境评价结构框架,并且在技术与方法体系及制度保障体系等几个方面取得了一定的创新成果。
The master planning of urban and rural is not only a statutory document to guide urban and rural development and construction, but also the implementation of urban and rural construction, urban management, it has great significance for regulating land development activities in urban and rural areas and to protect and improve the ecological environment. The 21st century, China's urban and rural planning system is facing great opportunities and challenges,economic,political reform, economic globalization and the rapid development of urbanization in China give new requirements on China's master plan.Requirements of the scientific concept of development should be based on the master planning of urban and rural economic and social objectives of sustainable development in order to build urban and rural ecological and space for support, in order to perfect the system of urban and rural development as a fundamental protection. The formulation process of the master planning of urban and rural areas in the new period introduces strategic environmental assessment for the environment and the development of an integrated decision-making mechanism to provide technical support, operation framework and long-term effectiveness, and to promote the environment and the development of an integrated decision-making mechanism for the establishment and improvement. China's traditional environmental impact assessment for construction projects are mainly carried out and generally applied after the evaluation, so the construction project environmental impact assessment can only be small-scale remediation of environmental damage, but not the source from the decision-making to protect the environment.“People's Republic of China Environmental Impact Assessment Law”provides for planning environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment in the planning stage to promote environmental impact assessment, therefore, the master planning of urban and rural areas to carry out strategic environmental assessment is the trend of the times.
Papers based on the basic theory of sustainable development, made a strategic economic environment theory of complex systems theory from environmental economics, economic theory and the cycle of the application in the planning approach, Proposed a strategic economic environmental complex systems theory, namely, research strategy system, economic system, environmental system of the composite system, it is an open complex giant system, and also has the characteristics of dissipative structures, and the method can be integrated as part of its research methods.
Papers with the master planning of urban and rural as the object of study, designed to build a scientific and rational strategic environmental assessment of the master planning of urban and rural structure of the framework. Through the content analysis of the master plan for urban and rural areas, namely, to grasp the urban and rural construction of macroeconomic development of the overall and studies urban and rural land use and layout, it's a macro defined laid the foundation for the master planning of urban and rural strategic environmental assessment. Strategic Environmental Assessment has a complete set of applications, in a variety of trip planning and played a certain role. The strategic environmental assessment applies to the master planning of urban and rural policy development, strategic choice, planning preparation and implementation, and through systematic evaluation of the factors that determine and evaluate the process to establish and build a complete master plan for urban and rural structure of the framework of the strategic environmental assessment.
Any implementation of the strategy will require a certain degree of technical methods of support, the urban and rural master planning strategic environmental assessment is no exception. Papers start from studing a more comprehensive system of strategic environmental assessment of technical system abroad, and through the research of a set of more systematic methods of strategic environmental assessment system technology since the plan environmental impact assessment carried out in China, put forward the technical methods system of urban and rural master planning strategic environmental assessment, including the application of common strategic environmental assessment techniques and methods, and also proposed a phased application of technology and methods of urban and rural master planning, and promoted the main application and demonstration techniques. The strategic environmental assessment technique systems of urban and rural master planning can help enhance the research progress of strategic environmental assessment and to make it more widely used in various areas of planning.
The implementation of strategic environmental assessment can not be separated from the protection system, papers through the research of participation in multi-system, the committee system, community supervision and coordination mechanisms, decision-making mechanism for the protection, legal system, security system, such as the implementation of strategic environmental assessment process and the results of security, it makes strategic environmental assessment results be more reliable, transparent and feasible.
Case study is the important means to test the master planning of urban and rural strategic environmental assessment, Papers through the research of the main area of Daqing Hi-tech zone master planning strategic environmental assessment, verified the rationality of frame construction of the study, and the scientific nature of the establishment of technology and methods systems, system of safeguards, pointed out that it has the representation and practical significance.
In conclusion, through strategic environmental assessment study of the master planning of urban and rural areas, preliminary constructed the structure system of urban and rural master planning strategic environmental framework, and in technology and methods systems and system of safeguards has made some innovations.
引文
1尚金武,包存宽.战略环境评价导论[M].北京:科学出版社, 2003: 2-24, 32-35, 66-73, 83-154
2全国人大常委会法制工作委员会经华济法室.国务院法制办农业资源环保法制司.住房和城乡建设部城乡规划司、政策法规司.中华人民共和国城乡规划法解说[M].北京:知识产权出版社, 2008: 19-32, 51-57, 81-83, 104-105, 110-111, 196-198, 245-249
3 [英]里基·泰里夫.鞠美庭,李海生,李洪远译.战略环境评价实践[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2005: 4-104
4 [英]巴里·德拉尔·克莱顿,巴里·赛德勒.鞠美庭,吴波,王勇等译.战略环境评价国际实践与经验[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2007: 1-71, 148-190
5海热提.环境规划与管理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2007: 4-14, 1 6-24, 42-97, 150-187, 204-221
6北京师范大学环境学院.环境影响评价实用教程[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2007: 1-7, 192-232, 265-274, 284-292
7中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组. 2006中国可持续发展战略报告——建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会[R].北京:科学出版社, 2006: 26-37, 46-52, 82-109, 223-260
8中国环境与发展回顾和展望高层课题组.中国环境与发展回顾和展望[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2007: 3-40, 85-126
9邹首民,王金南,洪亚雄.国家“十一五”环境保护规划研究报告[R].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2006: 115-164, 375-405, 507-544
10尤志斌.无锡市新一轮城市总体规划编制方法初探[D].同济大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 19-28
11王新哲.理想空间——新形势下的城市总体规划[M].同济大学出版社, 2007: 4-13
12苗蕾.城市总体规划的环境影响评价研究[D].同济大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 6-14, 47-60
13国家环境保护总局环境影响评价管理司.战略环境影响评价案例讲评[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2006: 1-41, 285-470
14徐凌,尚金武,邵立国.国外交通运输战略环境评价的实践及对我国的启示[J].上海环境科学. 2006, (3): 123-132
15蒲向军.城市总体规划实施研究——以天津市为例[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 11-21, 61-69
16 http://www.upp.gov.cn/view/qygh/article/109.html (哈尔滨城乡规划局网站)
17费潇.城市总体规划实施评价研究[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 14-22, 48-56
18张京祥.西方城市规划思想史纲[M].东南大学出版社, 2005: 25-53, 89-96, 113-138, 200-213, 228-238
19李德华.城市规划原理(第三版) [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2008: 13-41
20王庆海.现代城市规划与管理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2007: 3-15, 30-46, 54-61, 77-87, 91-105, 377-422
21李明光,陈新庚,吴仁海.战略环境评价在环境与发展综合决策中的作用[J].上海环境科学, 2002, (5): 313-315
22潘岳.环境保护必须进入综合决策前端.中国环境报, http: //news. chinavoc. cn, 2007-6-25
23潘岳.战略环评:从源头上控制环境污染.中国经济周刊. http: //fmance. sina. com. cn, 2005-09-05
24包存宽,陆雍森,尚金武.规划环境影响评价方法及实例[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006: 12-17, 25-166
25国家环境保护总局.战略环境影响评价培训材料[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2005: 8-14, 19-23, 28-37, 61-112, 211-254
26 [英]约翰·格拉森,里基·泰里夫,安德鲁·查德威克.鞠美庭,王勇,王辉民译.环境影响评价导论[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2007: 1-17, 22-37, 213-230, 251-267
27 [英]Thomas B. Fischer.徐鹤,李天威译.战略环境评价理论与实践迈向系统化[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008: 1-22, 47-68
28李巍,李贞,李天威.战略环境评价发展?经验与应用实践[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2006: 1-44, 57-74
29李天威,李巍.政策层面战略环境评价理论与实践经验[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008: 1-22, 30-97, 151-191
30刘娟.面向可持续发展的战略环境评价研究[D].青岛大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 1-53
31国家环境保护总局.第二届环境影响评价轨迹论坛文集——战略环评在中国[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2008: 14-44, 49-61, 111-117, 178-231
32崔功豪,王兴平.当代区域规划导论[M].江苏:东南大学出版社, 2006: 234-238
33张燕.区域循环经济发展理论与实证研究[D].兰州大学博士学位论文. 2006: 16-38
34温娟,崔树军,包景岭.循环经济理念在战略环境评价中的应用——以天津TEDA西区水资源综合利用规划方案为例[J].集团经济研究, 2007, (3): 52-54
35参见http: //baike. baidu. com/view/
36舒军龙,董美萍.论战略环境评价在中国的有效实施[J].环境科学动态. 2001, (4): 5-9
37路立,赵勇.规划环评机制在城市总体规划中对可持续发展战略的落实——以天津海滨休闲旅游区总体规划环评为例[J].城市规划. 2006, (6): 64-66
38张丽君.实施可持续发展战略的重要手段—战略环境评价(SEA) [J].国土资源情报, 2005, (4): 31-38
39 Eder, B., Kang, D., Mathur, R., Yu, S., &Schere, K.An operational evaluation of the Eta-CMAQ air quality forecast model. Atmospheric Environment. 2006, 40: 4894-4905
40参见环境技术网http: //www. cnjlc. com
41徐建玲.固体废物处理(置)战略环境评价研究——以长春市固体废物处理(置)为例[D].东北师范大学博士学位论文. 2007: 5-33, 94-125
42杨晓波.以城乡总体规划推进区域协调发展[J].学习时报,2008:10
43刘琰萍.战略环境评价指标体系研究与应用[D].天津大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 23-25, 42-57
44潘尤虎.战略环境评价方法学体系研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 11-35
45高峰.我国城市总体规划编制改革的对策研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 8-21
46毛文锋.环境影响评价,战略环境评价与可持续发展[J].中国环境科学, 2000, (20增刊): 90-94
47西宝,王玲.城市可持续发展过程中战略环境评价研究[J].学术交流. 2003, (2): 115-118
48段勇.城市总体规划环境影响评价技术要点和案例研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 14-20, 24-43
49包存宽,尚金武.战略环境评价中战略筛选研究[J].环境与开发, 2000, (2): 31-33
50吕晓东.现阶段总体规划编制研究——以大城市总体规划编制改革为例[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 4-28
51顾朝林等.概念规划——理论·方法·实例[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2006: 16-41, 43-60, 80-128
52王金南,邹首民,洪亚雄.中国环境政策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2006: 4-43, 45-69, 100-103, 303-305
53薛雄志,吝涛,洪华生.战略环境评价的国际研究动向[J].上海环境科学. 2004, (2): 75-80
54李明光,龚辉,李志琴,游江峰.开展规划环境影响评价的若干问题探讨[J].广州环境科学. 2003, (1): 43-45
55王广庆.区域可持续发展理论和决策支持系统研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文. 2004: 34-56
56杨永宏,罗上华.城市总体规划战略环评研究[J].昆明理工大学学报, 2008, (6): 87-91
57刘磊.城市总体规划环境影响评价研究[J].城市问题. 2008, (4): 19-24
58 Munsinghe M. Structural adjustment policies and the environment. Environment and Development Economics. 1998 , (4): 9-18
59陈岩松,王巍.关于城市总体规划编制改革的思考[J].规划研究, 2004, (12): 15-18
60陈光建.土地利用总体规划环境影响评价指标体系研究——以邛崃市城市土地利用总体规划为例[D].中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文. 2006: 22-49
61梁琨.土地利用总体规划环境影响评价研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 17-35
62唐弢,徐鹤,吴婧,马铭锋.武汉市“十一五”总体规划纲要战略环境评价研究[J].环境保护. 2006, (12): 27-30
63孙施文.城市总体规划实施的政府机构协同机制[J].城市规划. 2002, (1): 50-65
64黄雄.株洲市城市总体规划实施机制研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 2-5
65张弥.城市发展战略和规划中的若干问题探讨[J].理论前沿. 2006, (2): 24-25
66张志泉,潘武,林增.战略环境评价工作纲要[J].中国科技信息. 2005, (8):62-63
67苏继新,刘春博.国外战略环评的实践与进展[J].山东环境. 2002(2): 15-16
68 Partidfirio Rosfirio Maria. Element of SEA framework: improving the added-value of SEA. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2000, 20(6): 647-663
69陈大鹏.城市战略规划研究[D].西北农林科技大学博士学位论文. 2005: 16-28, 52-64, 69-158
70刘英彩,乔润卓.城市总体规划环境影响评价初探[C].中国环境科学学会.中国环境科学学会学术年会优秀论文集.北京, 2006: 650-653
71 Barow C. J. Evaluating the social impact of environmental change and the environmental impact of social change: An introductory review of social impact assessment. Tine International Journal of Environmental Studies. 2002, (2): 185-195
72田丽丽,徐鹤,朱坦,吴婧.城市国民经济和社会发展规划战略环境评价研究——以武汉市为例[J].生态经济. 2007, (8): 33-36
73陈彬.战略环境评价实践研究[D].厦门大学硕士学位论文. 2002: 2-24
74韩奇.海南省水安全战略环境评价理论和方法研究[D].华南热带农业大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 1-11, 21-40
75刘磊.战略环境评价中资源可持续利用评价指标体系研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 13-39
76 Goyal, P, Anand, S., &Gem, B.S. Assimilative capacity and pollutant dispersion studies for Gangtok City. Atmospheric Environment. 2006, 40: 1671-1682
77 http://baike.baidu.com/view/539579.htm
78参见国家统计局网站http: //www. stats. gov. cn/
79刘红婷.基于GIS的土地利用总体规划数据库系统设计[D].广西大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 2-7
80王丹.中国城市规划技术体系形成与发展研究[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文. 2003: 7-9, 28-30,43-61
81赵宏宇.我国城市分区规划研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文. 2008: 260-281
82赵小艳. Quick Bird影像在城市总体规划中的应用研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 2-15
83陈红梅.数字城市—中国城市发展的战略要点[J].中国建设报. 2006: (5): 8
84 Riki Therivel. System of Strategic Environmental Assessment. Environment. 1993, (13): 145-168
85侯小阁.战略环境评价技术支持系统[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文. 2003: 13-47
86龙索群.环境影响评价专家系统研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文. 2002: 18-45
87余莉.城市总体规划阶段信息化专项规划研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文. 2004: 8-54
88刘娟.战略环境影响评价方法研究及实例分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2004: 2-42
89国家环境保护总局环境工程评估中心.环境影响评价技术导则与标准[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2007: 131-174
90北京师范大学环境学院.环境科学案例研究[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2006: 120-142, 212-224, 240-245, 264-296
91刘毅,陈吉宁,何炜琪.城市总体规划环境影响评价方法[J].环境科学学报. 2008, (6): 1249-1255
92徐鹤,朱坦,梁丹.战略环境评价方法学研究[J].上海环境科学. 2001, (6): 295-296
93林刚.城市发展战略规划探析[D].天津大学硕士学位论文. 2004: 2-8, 19-28
94石晓枫,许一婷,戴李宗.战略环境评价体系和方法[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版). 2003, (6): 821-824
95 HolgerDalkmann, RodrigoJilihertoHerrera, DanielBongardt. Analytical strategic environmental assessment (ANSEA) developing a new approach to SEA. Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2004,24 :385-402
96段刚.战略环境评价研究进展——分析战略环境评价[J].环境保护. 2005, (6): 42-44
97 Bao Cnn-khan, Ln Yong-sen, Shang Jin-cheng. Fraanework and operational procedure for implementing Strategic Environmental Assessment in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2004. 24: 27-46
98刘毅,陈吉宁,何炜琪,曾思育,吴洪斌.基于不确定性分析的城市总体规划环评方法与案例研究[J].中国环境科学, 2007, (4): 566-571
99刘毅,陈吉宁,何炜琪.城市总体规划环境影响评价方法与案例研究[J].环境科学学报, 2008, (6): 1-7
100曾思育,陈吉宁,王志石.基于不确定分析技术的两种水质模型率定方法比较[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2004, (2): 1-7
101 Therivel Rand Partidario M.R. The Practice of Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment. London: uk: Earthsan Publication Limited, 1996, 24: 27-46
102顾晓薇.国家环境压力指标体系及减量化研究[D].东北大学博士学位论文. 2005: 38-105
103陈丽萍.可持续发展经济理论及指标体系研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文. 2005: 1-53
104赵文晋,董德明,龙振永,王宪恩,姜百川.战略环境评价指标体系框架构建研究[J].地理科学. 2003, (6): 751-754
105何东进,洪伟,胡海清.景观生态学的基本理论及中国景观生态学的研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报. 2003(2): 276-283
106马祥华.景观生态学在生态环境影响评价中的应用[J].水土保持研究. 2007(5): 207-209
107俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局[J].生态学报. 1999, (1): 8-15
108廖德兵,衡景梅,周黎等.景观生态学在区域环评中的应用[J].四川环境. 2004, (2): 53-56
109 O’neillr,R.V.et al. Indices of landscape pattern[J]. Landscape Ecology. 1998,(1): 153-162
110 O’Neill,R.V. Johnson A R.King A W. A hierarchical framework for the analysis of scale. Landscape Ecology, 1989,(3):193-205
111沈泽昊.景观生态学的实验研究方法综述[J].生态学报. 2004, (4): 769-774
112康颖,薛联青.改进的模糊层次分析法在综合水价确定中的应用[J].节水灌溉. 2008, (1): 38-40
113赵文晋.战略环境评价指标体系研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文. 2004: 4-16, 24-44, 45-71
114刘艳波.规划环境影响评价指标体系实例研究——以《振兴吉林老工业基地规划纲要》[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 10-30
115参见http: //www. turenscape. com/ykj/
116张勇强.空间研究2——城市空间发展自组织与城市规划[M].东南大学出版社, 2006: 18-32
117徐建玲,尚金武.国外战略环境评价制度的实施状况[J].中国环境管理, 2003, (12): 21-22
118 http://www.chinacity.org.cn/jingyan/27352_3.html
119田丽丽,朱坦.战略环境评价中的公众参与及实施条件分析[J].生态经济, 2007, (4): 48-51
120李晓巍.我国环境影响评价中公众参与有效性问题研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 10-25, 50-56
121李洋,李书神.加拿大战略环境评价的经验及启示[J].辐射防护通讯, 2002, (1): 33-36
122 Environmental assessment: A critical tool for sustainable development, Canadian environmental assessment agency’s sustainable development strategy. CEAA, 2000
123 Performance Report, Canadian Environmental Assessment, CEAA, 2000
124鞠美庭,朱坦.国际战略环评实践追踪及中国对规划实施环境影响评价的管理程序和技术路线探讨[J].重庆环境科学. 2001, (11): 124-128
125纪晓霞.战略环境评价法律制度研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 14-23, 36-43
126王拯,刘双明,辛言君.关于战略环境影响评价的思考[J].兰州铁道学院学报, 2001, (6): 36-39
127国家环境保护总局环境工程评估中心.环境影响评价相关法律法规[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2007: 1-23
128朱丘祥.战略环境影响评价立法问题研究[D].湖南师范大学硕士学位论文. 2003: 2-42
129李云燕.战略环境评价的内容?程序与管理问题研究[J].华侨大学学报. 2005, (3): 34-42
130 http://www.ccps.gov.cn/
131王亚男,赵永革.空间规划战略环境评价的理论?实践及影响[J].规划研究. 2006, (3): 20-25
132王小萍.战略环境评价的法制化——兼谈我国《环境影响评价法》对规划的环评问题[J].广西经贸. 2003, (4): 28-29
133杨颖,涂平晖,张传友等.武汉经济圈资源要素的互动研究[J].长江论坛. 2005, (4): 21-25
134杨云彦,陈祖源,涂文学等.武汉城市经济圈建设若干对策建议[J].长江论坛. 2004(2): 22-26
135简敏菲,余厚平,游海.我国建立战略环境评价(SEA)实施保证体系的探讨[J].江西科学, 2004, (4): 301-304
136胡长春.我国战略环评及其推进机制研究[D].中共中央党校硕士学位论文. 2005: 4-34
137陈大鹏.城市战略规划研究[D].西北农林科技大学博士学位论文. 2005: 16-28, 52-64, 69-158
138 Fischer T B. Benefits arising from SEA application-a comparative review of Northwest England, Noord-Holland and Brandenburg-Berlin. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 1999, (19)
139 Partidario R. Elements of an SEA framework-improving the added value of SEA. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 1999: (19)
140 Therial R, Wilson E. Strategic environment assessment. London: Earthsan Publication Ltd. 1992: l9-20
141 Bond Richard, Johanna Curran, Colin Kirkpatrick, Norman Lee. Integrated impact assessment for sustainable development: A case study approach, World Development. 2001, (6)
142 Cheng HongDe, ChengLin. Genchemical principles and methods of assessment of surface water environmental impact on sensitive zones. Chinese journal of geochemistry. 1998, (2)
143 Birley Martian. A review of trends in herald-impact assessment and the nature of the evidence used. Environmental Management and Health Environmental Management and Health. 2002, 13(1)
144 Bao, c., Lu, Y, Shang, J., 2004. Framework and operational procedure for implementing strategic environmental assessment in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 24
145 Che, x., Shang, J., Wang, J., 2002. Strategic environmental assessnaent and its development in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 22
146 Manju, N. , Balakrishnan, R. , &Mani, N. Assimilative capacity and pollutant dispersion studies for the industrial zone of Manali. Atmospheric Environment. 2002, 36
147 Kreg LindBerg, StePhenF. Mccool. A critique of environmental carrying capacity as a means of managing the effects of tourism development. Environmental Conservation. 1998, 25(4)
148 Cao Shixiong, Chen Li, Liu Zhande. Disharmony between Society and Environmental Carrying Capacity: A Historical Review, with an Emphasis on China. Research Library. Jul 2007, 36(5)
149 Annandale David, Bailey John et a1. The potential role of strategic environmental assessment in the activities of multilateral development bank. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2001, (21)
150 Ann Shephed, Ortolano L. Strete: gic environmental assessment for sustainable urban development. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 1996, 16(5)