中国循环经济发展模式及配套措施研究
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摘要
人类社会进入工业时代后,借助于迅猛发展的科学技术,创造了丰富的社会财富,在不断地征服自然、改造自然的同时,也遭遇了工业化带来的人口爆炸式增长、物种灭绝、废弃物污染等诸多问题,人类从未像今天这样受困于自身过度发展的恶果,在此情况下,循环经济发展模式成为各国共识。
美国、日本、德国等发达国家在发展循环经济上处于前列,这些国家将发展循环经济视为实现本国可持续发展的途径之一,并由此形成了各具特色的循环经济发展模式,为中国确立循环经济发展模式提供了很好的借鉴。
中国目前处于改革开放三十年的十字路口,一方面实现了经济发展的巨大成就,但另一方面人口数量众多、生态环境日趋恶化,在国内面临资源与环境的双重制约,在国外面临发达国家的环保压力,中国的循环经济发展具有一定的必然性和较高的紧迫性。
中国循环经济在经历了理念倡导、国家决策、全面试点示范三个发展阶段后,取得了巨大的发展成就。但与发达国家在实现工业化、在消费环节发展循环经济不同,中国仍处于工业化中期阶段。区域经济发展失衡,环境污染主要产生在工业环节,生态资源承载空间极为脆弱,发展基础较低,同时面临发达国家较大的环保政治压力。处于较低水平、起步阶段的中国循环经济,急需构建适合中国国情的循环经济发展模式和相应的配套措施。
本文运用DEMATEL数学模型,借鉴典型发达国家的循环经济发展模式,结合中国具体国情,提出中国循环经济发展模式不是单一的、固定不变的,而是根据中国国情,建立动态性、差异化、区域性的循环经济发展模式。在目前阶段,东部全面建设循环型社会,东北地区以循环型城市为主,中西部资源性大省以清洁生产和工业生态园为主,欠发达地区主要发展农业生态工业园;在未来实现工业化后,实施低碳能源、可再生能源为主的可持续循环经济发展模式。最后从政府规制措施、税收调控措施、废物处理措施、法律配套措施四个方面构建了适合中国循环经济发展模式的配套措施体系。
After entering the industrial age, mankind creates extremely plenty of social wealth with the help of high-tech force. As conquering and transforming the nature constantly,mankind has never been trapped in such an evil consequence of its own excessive development as population explosive growth, farmland decreasing, extinction of species, waste pollution and so on. Nowadays, the concept of the circular economy enjoys popular support.
Such developed countries as Japan, Germany, the United States take the forefront in the development of circular economy as an important way to achieve sustainable development, forming a loop with their own distinctive model of circular economy, setting up a good example for China to develop our own circular economy.
After three decades of reform and opening, China is in the crossroad. On one hand China has achieved great achievements in economy development. On the other hand China is a large developing country, facing the problem of large population and worsened ecological environment. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to develop circular economy in China.
China's circular economy through three phases of concept advocacy, national policy-making, comprehensive demonstration, has made enormous achievements in development. However, different from the circular economy of developed countries in industry or consumption, China is still in the middle stage of industrialization. Regional economic development imbalances, environmental pollution is mainly produced in the industrial areas, ecological resource carrying space extremely fragile, and the development of basic low, developed countries also face greater political pressure on environmental protection. However, the development of circular economy in China is still in its infancy, and how to build a suitable way for China to develop circular economy has become imperative.
The paper uses DEMATEL mathematical model to analyze a number of factors to the recycling economy development model. Second, the proposed mode of circular economy development in China is not a single, fixed, but a dynamic, differentiated, sub-regional recycling economy development model according to China's national conditions. Third, it is to develop circular economy supporting policy system for China from three aspects, the economic support system and policy, legal and policy support system, government regulation and policy system.
美国、日本、德国等发达国家在发展循环经济上处于前列,这些国家将发展循环经济视为实现本国可持续发展的途径之一,并由此形成了各具特色的循环经济发展模式,为中国确立循环经济发展模式提供了很好的借鉴。
中国目前处于改革开放三十年的十字路口,一方面实现了经济发展的巨大成就,但另一方面人口数量众多、生态环境日趋恶化,在国内面临资源与环境的双重制约,在国外面临发达国家的环保压力,中国的循环经济发展具有一定的必然性和较高的紧迫性。
中国循环经济在经历了理念倡导、国家决策、全面试点示范三个发展阶段后,取得了巨大的发展成就。但与发达国家在实现工业化、在消费环节发展循环经济不同,中国仍处于工业化中期阶段。区域经济发展失衡,环境污染主要产生在工业环节,生态资源承载空间极为脆弱,发展基础较低,同时面临发达国家较大的环保政治压力。处于较低水平、起步阶段的中国循环经济,急需构建适合中国国情的循环经济发展模式和相应的配套措施。
本文运用DEMATEL数学模型,借鉴典型发达国家的循环经济发展模式,结合中国具体国情,提出中国循环经济发展模式不是单一的、固定不变的,而是根据中国国情,建立动态性、差异化、区域性的循环经济发展模式。在目前阶段,东部全面建设循环型社会,东北地区以循环型城市为主,中西部资源性大省以清洁生产和工业生态园为主,欠发达地区主要发展农业生态工业园;在未来实现工业化后,实施低碳能源、可再生能源为主的可持续循环经济发展模式。最后从政府规制措施、税收调控措施、废物处理措施、法律配套措施四个方面构建了适合中国循环经济发展模式的配套措施体系。
After entering the industrial age, mankind creates extremely plenty of social wealth with the help of high-tech force. As conquering and transforming the nature constantly,mankind has never been trapped in such an evil consequence of its own excessive development as population explosive growth, farmland decreasing, extinction of species, waste pollution and so on. Nowadays, the concept of the circular economy enjoys popular support.
Such developed countries as Japan, Germany, the United States take the forefront in the development of circular economy as an important way to achieve sustainable development, forming a loop with their own distinctive model of circular economy, setting up a good example for China to develop our own circular economy.
After three decades of reform and opening, China is in the crossroad. On one hand China has achieved great achievements in economy development. On the other hand China is a large developing country, facing the problem of large population and worsened ecological environment. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to develop circular economy in China.
China's circular economy through three phases of concept advocacy, national policy-making, comprehensive demonstration, has made enormous achievements in development. However, different from the circular economy of developed countries in industry or consumption, China is still in the middle stage of industrialization. Regional economic development imbalances, environmental pollution is mainly produced in the industrial areas, ecological resource carrying space extremely fragile, and the development of basic low, developed countries also face greater political pressure on environmental protection. However, the development of circular economy in China is still in its infancy, and how to build a suitable way for China to develop circular economy has become imperative.
The paper uses DEMATEL mathematical model to analyze a number of factors to the recycling economy development model. Second, the proposed mode of circular economy development in China is not a single, fixed, but a dynamic, differentiated, sub-regional recycling economy development model according to China's national conditions. Third, it is to develop circular economy supporting policy system for China from three aspects, the economic support system and policy, legal and policy support system, government regulation and policy system.
引文
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