大学生自我接纳、元情绪与负性自动思维的关系研究
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摘要
本研究的目的是探讨大学生自我接纳、元情绪与负性自动思维三者之间在性别、年级、专业三个方面所存在的差异以及三者之间所存在的关系。本研究的重点在于探讨元情绪作为自我接纳和负性自动思维的中介变量作用；同时为大学生的自我接纳、元情绪和负性自的研究提供更多的资料。
研究采取整群随机抽样的方法选取500名被试,利用自我接纳问卷(SAQ)、特质元情绪量表(TMMS)、负性自动思维问卷(ATQ)三份问卷对所选被试进行施测。并运用描述统计、多元方差分析、回归分析、结构方程等统计方法对其有效数据进行分析处理,以探讨自我接纳、元情绪与负性自动思维之间的相互关系。主要得出以下结论：
(1)自我接纳的研究：年级、专业的大学生在自我接纳和自我评价两个维度上不存在显著差异,性别在自我评价维度上存在显著差异,大学生自我接纳的总体处于中等水平,大二男生的自我接纳总体水平高于大二女生。
(2)元情绪的研究：不同的专业在情绪注意、情绪辨别和情绪恢复的三个维度上不存在显著的差异,年级和性别在情绪恢复维度上存在显著差异,并且性别在情绪注意主效应显著。
(3)负性自动思维的研究：大学生的负性自动思维不存专业差异,存在显著的性别、年级差异,男生出现负性自动思维频率高于女生；四个年级中,大一的负性自动思维出现频率最少,大二的出现频率最多。大学生总体负性自动思维得分偏低,负性自动思维出现频率较少。
(4)自我接纳、元情绪与负性自动思维进行相关分析,结果表明：自我接纳与情绪注意、情绪辨别、情绪恢复存在显著的正相关,与负性自动思维存在显著的负相关；自我评价与情绪辨别、情绪恢复三个维度存在显著的正相关,而与负性自动思维存在显著的负相关；高、低自我接纳者在负性自动思维上存在显著相关。情绪注意、情绪辨别、情绪恢复与负性自动思维存在显著的负相关。
(5)自我接纳、元情绪对负性自动思维具有明显预测作用,同时自我接纳境对元情绪各因子也有明显预测作用。
(6)大学生自我接纳与自我评价直接影响负性自动思维出现的频率；同时,自我接纳可以通过元情绪间接对负性自动思维产生影响。
(7)元情绪是自我接纳和负性自动思维的之间的中介变量。元情绪对负性自动思维的影响中起部分中介作用。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences and relationship of self-acceptance, trait meta-mood and negative automatic thoughts among gender, major and grade. The key of the study is to explore the intermediary variable role of trait meta-mood between self-acceptance and negative automatic thoughts, and simultaneously provide more information about the research on self-acceptance, trait meta-mood and negative automatic thoughts among college students.
The cluster random sampling was adpoted in the research by randomly selecting 500 subjects and testing them with self-acceptance questionnaire (SAQ), trait meta-mood scale (TMMS) and negative automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ). The effective data was processed through several statistical methods, including the methods of descriptive statistic, multivariate analysis of variance and structural equation etc., to explore the correlation between self-acceptance, trait meta-mood and negative automatic thoughts. The main conclusions were listed as follows:
(1) Study on self-acceptance:There are no obvious differences between the grade and major in self-acceptance or self assessment among college students. However, the self assessment exists significant differences because of gender differences. The overall level of self-acceptance among college students is at a middle level, and this overall level among sophomore boy students is higher than that among sophomore girl students.
(2) Study on trait meta-mood:There are no significant differences among the different major in emotional attention, emotional identification or emotional recovery. But significant difference could be seen in the dimension of emotional recovery because of gender or grade difference, and the gender exerts remarkable effect on emotional attention.
(3) Study on negative automatic thoughts:College students'negative automatic thoughts showed no major difference but obvious gender and grade difference. The frequency of negatively automatic thoughts appearing in boys was higher than that in girls, and this frequency was highest in freshmen while lowest in sophomores. The overall negative automatic thoughts among college students was at a very low level with less frequency of appearance.
(4) Analysis of the self-acceptance, trait meta-mood and negative automatic thoughts. The results showed that self-acceptance significantly positively correlated with emotional attention, emotional identification and emotional recovery, while it had significant negative correlation with negative automatic thoughts. Self assessment significantly positively correlated with emotional identification and emotional recovery but had significant negative correlation with negative automatic thoughts. There were obvious correlation between the high and low self-acceptance in negative automatic thoughts. The emotional attention, emotional identification and emotional recovery all had significant negative correlation with negative automatic thoughts.
(5) self-acceptance and trait meta-mood could forecast negative automatic thoughts, and meanwhile the factors of trait meta-mood could be evidently predicted by self-acceptance.
(6) Self-acceptance and self-assessment have direct impacts on the frequency of negative automatic thoughts. And at the same time, the self-acceptance can indirectly affect negative automatic thoughts through trait meta-mood.
(7) Trait meta-mood acts as the intermediary variable role of trait meta-mood between self-acceptance and negative automatic thoughts, and it plays partial intermediary role in its influence on negative automatic thoughts.
研究采取整群随机抽样的方法选取500名被试,利用自我接纳问卷(SAQ)、特质元情绪量表(TMMS)、负性自动思维问卷(ATQ)三份问卷对所选被试进行施测。并运用描述统计、多元方差分析、回归分析、结构方程等统计方法对其有效数据进行分析处理,以探讨自我接纳、元情绪与负性自动思维之间的相互关系。主要得出以下结论：
(1)自我接纳的研究：年级、专业的大学生在自我接纳和自我评价两个维度上不存在显著差异,性别在自我评价维度上存在显著差异,大学生自我接纳的总体处于中等水平,大二男生的自我接纳总体水平高于大二女生。
(2)元情绪的研究：不同的专业在情绪注意、情绪辨别和情绪恢复的三个维度上不存在显著的差异,年级和性别在情绪恢复维度上存在显著差异,并且性别在情绪注意主效应显著。
(3)负性自动思维的研究：大学生的负性自动思维不存专业差异,存在显著的性别、年级差异,男生出现负性自动思维频率高于女生；四个年级中,大一的负性自动思维出现频率最少,大二的出现频率最多。大学生总体负性自动思维得分偏低,负性自动思维出现频率较少。
(4)自我接纳、元情绪与负性自动思维进行相关分析,结果表明：自我接纳与情绪注意、情绪辨别、情绪恢复存在显著的正相关,与负性自动思维存在显著的负相关；自我评价与情绪辨别、情绪恢复三个维度存在显著的正相关,而与负性自动思维存在显著的负相关；高、低自我接纳者在负性自动思维上存在显著相关。情绪注意、情绪辨别、情绪恢复与负性自动思维存在显著的负相关。
(5)自我接纳、元情绪对负性自动思维具有明显预测作用,同时自我接纳境对元情绪各因子也有明显预测作用。
(6)大学生自我接纳与自我评价直接影响负性自动思维出现的频率；同时,自我接纳可以通过元情绪间接对负性自动思维产生影响。
(7)元情绪是自我接纳和负性自动思维的之间的中介变量。元情绪对负性自动思维的影响中起部分中介作用。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences and relationship of self-acceptance, trait meta-mood and negative automatic thoughts among gender, major and grade. The key of the study is to explore the intermediary variable role of trait meta-mood between self-acceptance and negative automatic thoughts, and simultaneously provide more information about the research on self-acceptance, trait meta-mood and negative automatic thoughts among college students.
The cluster random sampling was adpoted in the research by randomly selecting 500 subjects and testing them with self-acceptance questionnaire (SAQ), trait meta-mood scale (TMMS) and negative automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ). The effective data was processed through several statistical methods, including the methods of descriptive statistic, multivariate analysis of variance and structural equation etc., to explore the correlation between self-acceptance, trait meta-mood and negative automatic thoughts. The main conclusions were listed as follows:
(1) Study on self-acceptance:There are no obvious differences between the grade and major in self-acceptance or self assessment among college students. However, the self assessment exists significant differences because of gender differences. The overall level of self-acceptance among college students is at a middle level, and this overall level among sophomore boy students is higher than that among sophomore girl students.
(2) Study on trait meta-mood:There are no significant differences among the different major in emotional attention, emotional identification or emotional recovery. But significant difference could be seen in the dimension of emotional recovery because of gender or grade difference, and the gender exerts remarkable effect on emotional attention.
(3) Study on negative automatic thoughts:College students'negative automatic thoughts showed no major difference but obvious gender and grade difference. The frequency of negatively automatic thoughts appearing in boys was higher than that in girls, and this frequency was highest in freshmen while lowest in sophomores. The overall negative automatic thoughts among college students was at a very low level with less frequency of appearance.
(4) Analysis of the self-acceptance, trait meta-mood and negative automatic thoughts. The results showed that self-acceptance significantly positively correlated with emotional attention, emotional identification and emotional recovery, while it had significant negative correlation with negative automatic thoughts. Self assessment significantly positively correlated with emotional identification and emotional recovery but had significant negative correlation with negative automatic thoughts. There were obvious correlation between the high and low self-acceptance in negative automatic thoughts. The emotional attention, emotional identification and emotional recovery all had significant negative correlation with negative automatic thoughts.
(5) self-acceptance and trait meta-mood could forecast negative automatic thoughts, and meanwhile the factors of trait meta-mood could be evidently predicted by self-acceptance.
(6) Self-acceptance and self-assessment have direct impacts on the frequency of negative automatic thoughts. And at the same time, the self-acceptance can indirectly affect negative automatic thoughts through trait meta-mood.
(7) Trait meta-mood acts as the intermediary variable role of trait meta-mood between self-acceptance and negative automatic thoughts, and it plays partial intermediary role in its influence on negative automatic thoughts.
引文
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