基于空间矢量调制的多电平矩阵变换器研究
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摘要
在传统矩阵变换器(Conventional Matrix Converter ,简写为CMC)和多电平逆变器的基础上,提出了一种新颖的电力电子拓扑结构——多电平矩阵变换器(Multilevel Matrix Converter,简写为MMC)。多电平矩阵变换器可以实现多个电平电压的阶梯波输出,因而输出电压波形更接近正弦,谐波含量降低;电路结构对称,输入/输出端可以互换,则既可实现升压也可实现降压,能突破传统矩阵变换器电压传输比0.866的限制,是一种较为理想的电能变换装置。因此,MMC将是研究电能变换装置和新能源利用中的热点和挑战。
本文以多电平矩阵变换器为对象,研究了多电平矩阵变换器的拓扑电路、基本原理,阐述了MMC实现两电平运行的控制方法,创造性地提出了三电平运行时的空间矢量调制策略,且通过计算机仿真实验验证策略的可行性;建立了多电平矩阵变换器系统的数学模型,得出状态空间模型,在此基础上分析了系统的稳定性、能控性和能观测性;这些对进一步研究多电平矩阵变换器有一定的参考价值。具体地,本文的主要内容和主要研究成果如下:
对照传统矩阵变换器的拓扑结构,利用多电平变换器基本单元思想,介绍了多电平矩阵变换器拓扑电路的生成,并详细地分析了构成其拓扑电路的H桥开关单元工作状态和支路连接操作规律。
建立了多电平矩阵变换器系统的数学模型,得出状态空间模型,提出了判断稳定性的李亚普诺夫函数,并采用数值计算方法验证了稳定性结论且分析了系统能控、能观测性。
基于空间矢量调制原理,分析了多电平矩阵变换器基本空间矢量的产生,阐述了多电平矩阵变换器在两电平运行时的调制策略,提出了三电平运行时的控制方法;并利用MATLAB/Simulink软件,搭建仿真模型,得到MMC分别工作在两电平和三电平时的仿真结果,对仿真结果进行分析,验证了控制算法的可行性和有效性。
On the basis of the conventional matrix converter and the multilevel inverter, a novel multilevel matrix converter as a kind of power electronics is proposed. The multilevel matrix converter can operate with multilevel switching, so the output voltage waveform is closer to the sine wave with minimized harmonic contents. It has symmetric circuit, input side and output side can be reversed, so it is capable of both increasing and decreasing the voltage magnitude, and can break through the restriction that the voltage transfer ratio of conventional matrix converter is less than 0.866. As a word, the multilevel matrix converter is an ideal power converter, which would attract significant attention and be challenge in the field of transform electric energy device and new energy sources.
Regarding the topic“the multilevel matrix converter”as the main subject, this paper has studied the topology of the circuit and the basic principle, expounded the strategy operating with two-level switching. The space vector modulation strategy that the multilevel matrix converter operates with three-level switching is developed in a creative way, and the simulation results validate the feasibility of the strategy. The mathematical model and state space model of the multilevel matrix converter system are founded. On the basis of them, the system stability, controllability and observability are analyzed. These are useful for researching the multilevel matrix converter. In detail, the main content of this paper is as follows:
In comparison with conventional matrix converter topology, using the basic unit thought of multilevel converter, this paper introduces the generating of multilevel matrix converter topology circuit, and analyzes the states of the H-bridge switch cell and the principle of branch operating.
Mathematical model of multilevel matrix converter system has been set up, furthermore its state space model is educed. The system stability is judged by Lyapunov's method, as well as numerical method, and controllability and observability are analyzed with the numerical method.
Based on space vector modulation, how to generate the elementary space vectors is depicted. There, the modulation strategy operating with two-level switching is expatiated and the modulation strategy operating three-level switching is developed. Then, simulation model is built using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results test the feasibility and effectiveness of control algorithms.
本文以多电平矩阵变换器为对象,研究了多电平矩阵变换器的拓扑电路、基本原理,阐述了MMC实现两电平运行的控制方法,创造性地提出了三电平运行时的空间矢量调制策略,且通过计算机仿真实验验证策略的可行性;建立了多电平矩阵变换器系统的数学模型,得出状态空间模型,在此基础上分析了系统的稳定性、能控性和能观测性;这些对进一步研究多电平矩阵变换器有一定的参考价值。具体地,本文的主要内容和主要研究成果如下:
对照传统矩阵变换器的拓扑结构,利用多电平变换器基本单元思想,介绍了多电平矩阵变换器拓扑电路的生成,并详细地分析了构成其拓扑电路的H桥开关单元工作状态和支路连接操作规律。
建立了多电平矩阵变换器系统的数学模型,得出状态空间模型,提出了判断稳定性的李亚普诺夫函数,并采用数值计算方法验证了稳定性结论且分析了系统能控、能观测性。
基于空间矢量调制原理,分析了多电平矩阵变换器基本空间矢量的产生,阐述了多电平矩阵变换器在两电平运行时的调制策略,提出了三电平运行时的控制方法;并利用MATLAB/Simulink软件,搭建仿真模型,得到MMC分别工作在两电平和三电平时的仿真结果,对仿真结果进行分析,验证了控制算法的可行性和有效性。
On the basis of the conventional matrix converter and the multilevel inverter, a novel multilevel matrix converter as a kind of power electronics is proposed. The multilevel matrix converter can operate with multilevel switching, so the output voltage waveform is closer to the sine wave with minimized harmonic contents. It has symmetric circuit, input side and output side can be reversed, so it is capable of both increasing and decreasing the voltage magnitude, and can break through the restriction that the voltage transfer ratio of conventional matrix converter is less than 0.866. As a word, the multilevel matrix converter is an ideal power converter, which would attract significant attention and be challenge in the field of transform electric energy device and new energy sources.
Regarding the topic“the multilevel matrix converter”as the main subject, this paper has studied the topology of the circuit and the basic principle, expounded the strategy operating with two-level switching. The space vector modulation strategy that the multilevel matrix converter operates with three-level switching is developed in a creative way, and the simulation results validate the feasibility of the strategy. The mathematical model and state space model of the multilevel matrix converter system are founded. On the basis of them, the system stability, controllability and observability are analyzed. These are useful for researching the multilevel matrix converter. In detail, the main content of this paper is as follows:
In comparison with conventional matrix converter topology, using the basic unit thought of multilevel converter, this paper introduces the generating of multilevel matrix converter topology circuit, and analyzes the states of the H-bridge switch cell and the principle of branch operating.
Mathematical model of multilevel matrix converter system has been set up, furthermore its state space model is educed. The system stability is judged by Lyapunov's method, as well as numerical method, and controllability and observability are analyzed with the numerical method.
Based on space vector modulation, how to generate the elementary space vectors is depicted. There, the modulation strategy operating with two-level switching is expatiated and the modulation strategy operating three-level switching is developed. Then, simulation model is built using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results test the feasibility and effectiveness of control algorithms.
引文
[1] 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第 4 版)[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2004:5-6.
[2] 许大中,贺益康.电机控制(第二版)[M] .杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002:2-3.
[3] 陈伯时,陈敏逊.交流调速系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:1-4.
[4] 贺益康,潘再平.电力电子技术基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1995:10-11.
[5] 高景德 , 王祥布 ,李发海等 .交流电机及其系统的分析 [M].北京 : 清华大学出版社 , 1993:15-17.
[6] 胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1999:28-29.
[7] 王勇.矩阵变换器空间矢量调制、系统集成及应用研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2005(3).
[8] 黄科元.矩阵变换器空间矢量调制及应用研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2004(5).
[9] 张一中等.电力谐波[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992:79-80.
[10] 宋文南等.电力系统谐波分析[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1995:55-58.
[11] 吴竞昌等.电力系统谐波[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1988:171-173.
[12] Venturini M.Alesina, A new bi-directional sinusoidal waveform frequency converter with continuously adjustable input power factor[C], in PECC Conf. Rec. 1980:243-252.
[13] 李 永 东 , 肖 曦 , 高 跃 . 大 容 量 多 电 平 变 换 器 : 原 理 . 控 制 . 应 用 [M]. 北 京 : 科 学 出 版社,2005:1-131.
[14] R.W.Erickson, O.A.Al-Naseem. A new family of matrix converters[C].IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference (IECON’01), 2001:1515–1520.
[15] S.Angkititrakul,R.W.Erickson.Control and implemention of a new modular matrix converter[C].IEEE Applied Power Electronic Conference,2004,2:813-819.
[16] O.A. Al-Naseem. Modeling and space vector control of a novel multilevel matrix converter for variable-speed wind power generators[D].Colorado:University of Colorado,2001(4).
[17] K.Almazeedi. Modeling and control of the currents and capacitor voltages of novel multilevel matrix converter[D]. Colorado: University of Colorado,2005(11).
[18] S. Angkititrakul, R. W. Erickson. Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control for a Modular Matrix Converter[C].IEEE Applied Power Electronic Conference, 2006,3:7-13.
[19] M.Venturini. A new high switching rate direct frequency converter[J]. Italian Patent, 1979:70-79.
[20] Tenti. P, Malesani. L, Rossetto. L.Optimum control of N-input K-output matrix converter [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1992,7(4):707-713.
[21] Bernet.S, Teichmann.R. The auxiliary resonant commutated pole matrix converter for DC-applications[C]. PESC'97 Record, 28th Annual IEEE,1997,2:1225-1231.
[22] Bernet.S,Bernet.K,Lipo.T.A. The auxiliary resonant commutated pole matrix converter-a new topology for high power applications. Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting[C],IAS96 Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE,1996,2:1242-1249.
[23] Empringham. L,Wheeler. P.W, Clare.J.C. Matrix converter bi-directional [J].Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives,1998,456(1):626-631.
[24] Empringham. L,Wheeler. P.W, Clare.J.C. Intelligenent commutation of matrix converterbi-directional switch cells using novel gate drive techniques[C].PESC’98Record.29th Annual IEEE,1998,1:707-713.
[25] L.Huber,D.Borojevic.Space vector modulator for force commutated cycloconverter [C].conf.Rec.Annu.Meet.IEEE IAS,1989:871-876.
[26] Casadei, Serra, G.Tani, A.Reduction of the input current harmonic content in matrix converters under input/output unbalance[C].Proceedings of the IEEE IECON 21st International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, 1995,1:457-462.
[27] Jun-Koo Kang Hara, H.Yamamoto,E.et al. The matrix converter drive performance under abnormal input voltage conditions[C]. IEEE 32nd Annual Meeting of PESC’2001,2: 1089-1095.
[28] C. Klumpner, T. Wijekoon, P. Wheeler. A new class hybrid AC/AC power converter[J]. Proc. of IAS’05, 2005,4: 2374-2381.
[29] C. Klumpner. A hybrid indirect matrix converter immune to unbalanced voltage supply, with reduced switching losses and improved voltage transfer ratio[C]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2006, 7 : 133-139
[30] T. Wijekoon, C. Klumpner, P. Wheeler. Implementation of a hybrid AC/AC direct power converter with unity voltage transfer ratio[C].IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference (IECON’06), 2006,1478-1484.
[31] 方旭阳.电流滞环控制的矩阵式变换器的仿真模型[J].电力电子技术,1999,5:52-54.
[32] 张林亭 ,朱建林 .矩阵式交 ―交变换器的空间矢量调制原理 [J].变频器世界 .2001.8: 26-31.
[33] 陈希有,陈学允,韦奇.改进矩阵变换器在非对称输入情况下的空间矢量调制策略[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(2):78-83.
[34] 丁凯.混合多电平逆变器拓扑及其调制方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2004(9).
[35] 张华强,王新生,王立国, REZA H adian,徐殿国.一种新颖的多电平矩阵变换器的建模与仿真[J].控制与决策,2004,19(10):1159-1162.
[36] 张华强,王新生,王立国,徐殿国.多电平矩阵变换器的控制策略研究[J].电气传动,2005, 35(4):3-6.
[37] 张华强 ,王新生 ,徐殿国 .三电平矩阵式电力变换器的开关损耗数学模型 [J].电子器件,2005,10(6):374-378.
[38] 王鸿雁,多电平逆变器 PWM 新方法及相关技术[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004(9).
[39] 胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1979,12.
[40] 孟永庆,苏彦民,刘正.三电平中点箝位整流器系统建模及基于李亚普诺夫直接法的控制方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(24):79-84.
[41] Shi Xin-Min, Hao Zheng-Qing. Practical numerical calculation based on MATLAB[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua Publication House, Beijing Jiaotong University Press, 2006.
[42] 傅凯新,黄云清,舒适.数值计算方法[M].湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,2002,6.
[43] R. Erickson,S. Angkititrakul,O.Al-Naseem, G. Lujan. Novel power electronics systems for wind energy applications: final report[R]. America,Colorado: University of ColoradoBoulder, 2004.
[44] Erickson,Robert W, Al-Naseem,Osama A,Fingersh,Lee Jay.Variable-speed wind power system with improved energy capture via multilevel conversion[P]. America: 60/384,637, 2002-05-31.
[45] 田玉超,刘勇,丛望.SVPWM 控制三电平逆变器算法研究[J].应用科技,2005,32(3):37-39.
[46] 徐剑飞,张崇巍,张兴等.基于FPGA-DSP组合的三电平逆变器空间矢量发生器[J].电气技术,2006,19(2):36-39.
[47] 周旭,朱建林,向尕.集成化语言 Matlab 的 Simulink 仿真研究[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2000,22(1):99-102.
[48] 张志涌.精通 MATLAB6.5 版[M].北京:北京航空航天出版社,2003,360-429.
[2] 许大中,贺益康.电机控制(第二版)[M] .杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002:2-3.
[3] 陈伯时,陈敏逊.交流调速系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:1-4.
[4] 贺益康,潘再平.电力电子技术基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1995:10-11.
[5] 高景德 , 王祥布 ,李发海等 .交流电机及其系统的分析 [M].北京 : 清华大学出版社 , 1993:15-17.
[6] 胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1999:28-29.
[7] 王勇.矩阵变换器空间矢量调制、系统集成及应用研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2005(3).
[8] 黄科元.矩阵变换器空间矢量调制及应用研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2004(5).
[9] 张一中等.电力谐波[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992:79-80.
[10] 宋文南等.电力系统谐波分析[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1995:55-58.
[11] 吴竞昌等.电力系统谐波[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1988:171-173.
[12] Venturini M.Alesina, A new bi-directional sinusoidal waveform frequency converter with continuously adjustable input power factor[C], in PECC Conf. Rec. 1980:243-252.
[13] 李 永 东 , 肖 曦 , 高 跃 . 大 容 量 多 电 平 变 换 器 : 原 理 . 控 制 . 应 用 [M]. 北 京 : 科 学 出 版社,2005:1-131.
[14] R.W.Erickson, O.A.Al-Naseem. A new family of matrix converters[C].IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference (IECON’01), 2001:1515–1520.
[15] S.Angkititrakul,R.W.Erickson.Control and implemention of a new modular matrix converter[C].IEEE Applied Power Electronic Conference,2004,2:813-819.
[16] O.A. Al-Naseem. Modeling and space vector control of a novel multilevel matrix converter for variable-speed wind power generators[D].Colorado:University of Colorado,2001(4).
[17] K.Almazeedi. Modeling and control of the currents and capacitor voltages of novel multilevel matrix converter[D]. Colorado: University of Colorado,2005(11).
[18] S. Angkititrakul, R. W. Erickson. Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control for a Modular Matrix Converter[C].IEEE Applied Power Electronic Conference, 2006,3:7-13.
[19] M.Venturini. A new high switching rate direct frequency converter[J]. Italian Patent, 1979:70-79.
[20] Tenti. P, Malesani. L, Rossetto. L.Optimum control of N-input K-output matrix converter [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1992,7(4):707-713.
[21] Bernet.S, Teichmann.R. The auxiliary resonant commutated pole matrix converter for DC-applications[C]. PESC'97 Record, 28th Annual IEEE,1997,2:1225-1231.
[22] Bernet.S,Bernet.K,Lipo.T.A. The auxiliary resonant commutated pole matrix converter-a new topology for high power applications. Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting[C],IAS96 Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE,1996,2:1242-1249.
[23] Empringham. L,Wheeler. P.W, Clare.J.C. Matrix converter bi-directional [J].Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives,1998,456(1):626-631.
[24] Empringham. L,Wheeler. P.W, Clare.J.C. Intelligenent commutation of matrix converterbi-directional switch cells using novel gate drive techniques[C].PESC’98Record.29th Annual IEEE,1998,1:707-713.
[25] L.Huber,D.Borojevic.Space vector modulator for force commutated cycloconverter [C].conf.Rec.Annu.Meet.IEEE IAS,1989:871-876.
[26] Casadei, Serra, G.Tani, A.Reduction of the input current harmonic content in matrix converters under input/output unbalance[C].Proceedings of the IEEE IECON 21st International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, 1995,1:457-462.
[27] Jun-Koo Kang Hara, H.Yamamoto,E.et al. The matrix converter drive performance under abnormal input voltage conditions[C]. IEEE 32nd Annual Meeting of PESC’2001,2: 1089-1095.
[28] C. Klumpner, T. Wijekoon, P. Wheeler. A new class hybrid AC/AC power converter[J]. Proc. of IAS’05, 2005,4: 2374-2381.
[29] C. Klumpner. A hybrid indirect matrix converter immune to unbalanced voltage supply, with reduced switching losses and improved voltage transfer ratio[C]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2006, 7 : 133-139
[30] T. Wijekoon, C. Klumpner, P. Wheeler. Implementation of a hybrid AC/AC direct power converter with unity voltage transfer ratio[C].IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference (IECON’06), 2006,1478-1484.
[31] 方旭阳.电流滞环控制的矩阵式变换器的仿真模型[J].电力电子技术,1999,5:52-54.
[32] 张林亭 ,朱建林 .矩阵式交 ―交变换器的空间矢量调制原理 [J].变频器世界 .2001.8: 26-31.
[33] 陈希有,陈学允,韦奇.改进矩阵变换器在非对称输入情况下的空间矢量调制策略[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(2):78-83.
[34] 丁凯.混合多电平逆变器拓扑及其调制方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2004(9).
[35] 张华强,王新生,王立国, REZA H adian,徐殿国.一种新颖的多电平矩阵变换器的建模与仿真[J].控制与决策,2004,19(10):1159-1162.
[36] 张华强,王新生,王立国,徐殿国.多电平矩阵变换器的控制策略研究[J].电气传动,2005, 35(4):3-6.
[37] 张华强 ,王新生 ,徐殿国 .三电平矩阵式电力变换器的开关损耗数学模型 [J].电子器件,2005,10(6):374-378.
[38] 王鸿雁,多电平逆变器 PWM 新方法及相关技术[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004(9).
[39] 胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1979,12.
[40] 孟永庆,苏彦民,刘正.三电平中点箝位整流器系统建模及基于李亚普诺夫直接法的控制方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(24):79-84.
[41] Shi Xin-Min, Hao Zheng-Qing. Practical numerical calculation based on MATLAB[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua Publication House, Beijing Jiaotong University Press, 2006.
[42] 傅凯新,黄云清,舒适.数值计算方法[M].湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,2002,6.
[43] R. Erickson,S. Angkititrakul,O.Al-Naseem, G. Lujan. Novel power electronics systems for wind energy applications: final report[R]. America,Colorado: University of ColoradoBoulder, 2004.
[44] Erickson,Robert W, Al-Naseem,Osama A,Fingersh,Lee Jay.Variable-speed wind power system with improved energy capture via multilevel conversion[P]. America: 60/384,637, 2002-05-31.
[45] 田玉超,刘勇,丛望.SVPWM 控制三电平逆变器算法研究[J].应用科技,2005,32(3):37-39.
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