浮力摆式波浪能发电装置关键技术研究
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摘要
能源是人类生存和从事一切生产活动的物质基础。经济发展与能源短缺的矛盾；传统能源过度开发与环境急剧恶化的因果关系；国际能源冲突与能源安全等重大问题已引起国内外越来越高的关注。波浪能由于具有可再生、绿色环保和储量丰富的特点,日益受到世界许多国家的重视。科学地、更大规模地利用波浪能对促进国民经济的可持续发展具有重要的深远意义。针对波浪随机波动的不确定性和恶劣的海洋环境等不利因素,能否制造出科学合理、经济适用的能源机械装备不仅直接影响到波浪能转化效率和成本的高低,而且往往决定着实际利用波浪能总体技术的成败。
作为一种系统集成创新的利用波浪能来发电的海洋能源利用装备,浮力摆式波浪能发电装置的研制存在若干关键技术难题,本文试图通过理论分析、仿真试验并结合实验样机厂房试验、现场试验等手段以期研究论证浮力摆式波浪能发电装置双行程全周期做功的可行性,大幅提高其工作效率和在不确定波况等恶劣海况下的生存能力和可靠性,优化浮力摆翼型结构,通过对机组的功率控制实现最大能量捕获和功率稳定输出等。
论文首先通过波浪理论对浮力摆在波浪上的运动规律进行分析,并在流体动力学理论的基础上运用有限元法流固耦合多物理场建模仿真对浮力摆翼形进行水动力学特性的研究及优化设计。在传动系统方面,重点研究了双行程全周期做功的液压式能量传动方案,通过对液压传动方案的仿真试验和厂房的半物理仿真试验的结果分析,表明采用蓄能器的双行程全周期做功的液压传动系统在提高系统效率及输出功率稳定性方面性能良好。论文还对浮力摆式波浪能发电系统的功率控制技术进行了研究,对控制器系统结构及其控制算法进行了仿真研究,结果表明基于负载控制的最大能量捕获可以使浮力摆式波浪能发电系统功率较好地稳定在最大功率点附近。
论文各章内容分述如下：
第一章在调研查阅了大量的国内外相关文献的基础上,论述了波浪能发电装置研究的背景、目的和意义；介绍了国内外各种波浪能发电技术的研究进展及取得的成果；总结了当前浮力摆式波浪能发电装置研究方面亟待解决的一些关键技术问题。
第二章运用波浪理论、流体动力学理论分析了波浪流体质点的运动特性,随后介绍了浮力摆在波浪上的运动理论基础,最后介绍了浮力摆在波浪能发电装置的组成结构及工作原理。
第三章分述了浮力摆式波浪能发电装置的若干关键技术问题。首先利用理论分析对浮力摆翼型水动力学特性进行流固耦合有限元法多物理场模拟仿真；在分析研究仿真结果的基础上对浮力摆翼型进行设计计算；在比较了波浪能发电装置各种传动方式优缺点的基础上,引申出本课题提出的带蓄能器的双行程全周期做功的液压能量传动系统方案；最后对机组的电气及负载控制系统等也进行了设计介绍。
第四章着重研究了双行程全周期做功的液压传动系统在浮力摆式波浪能发电装置中的应用,包括双行程全周期做功的液压传动系统的工作原理及设计、液压元器件的计算与选型等；联合软件AMESim及Matlab/Simulink对双行程全周期做功的液压传动系统进行系统建模,并进行蓄能稳压恒频及功率稳定等方面的联合仿真验证,并进行分析总结。
第五章首先对浮力摆式波浪能发电装置运行工况进行分析,由此对浮力摆式波浪能发电系统结构进行研究,并提出基于负载控制的最大能量捕获及改进的自适应变步长扰动观测功率控制策略,根据系统运行功能需求对控制器做了系统软硬件设计,并对控制器系统结构及控制算法进行了建模仿真研究验证。
第六章介绍了5kW浮力摆式波浪能发电装置原理样机的厂房原理可行性验证试验及双行程全周期做功试验,并根据试验结果对机组整体性能进行了分析及总结。
第七章对本文的研究工作及成果进行了归纳总结,并指出本课题今后进一步的工作内容与研究方向。
Energy is the material basis of human existence and production. The important problems such as the contradiction between Economic development and energy supply shortage, the causal relationship between traditional energy development and environmental degradation, International energy conflicts and energy security have attracted widespread attention all over the world. As a kind of ocean energy, wave energy is an abundant and renewable energy, which has drawn more and more attentions in many countries. The scientific large-scale exploitation of wave energy has important and far-reaching significance in the promotion of the sustainable development of national economy. The exploitation of wave energy has the unfavorable factors such as uncertainty, random fluctuations and the harsh marine environment, so the production of scientific,rational and economical wave energy converters not only affects the conversion efficiency and the cost directly, but also often determines the success of wave energy exploitation technology.
There are several key technologies should be solved for the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum, which could be regarded as an integrated innovative system using wave energy to generate electricity. This paper attempts to demonstrate the feasibility of the dual-stroke acting hydraulic drive system, the substantially increase in the system efficiency, the viability and the reliability under the uncertainty wave conditions, the optimization of buoyancy swing wing structure, the realization of maximum energy capture and the stability of output power by means of theoretical analysis, simulations and experimental prototype plant tests.
The main research content of the paper is summarized as follows:
Based on the access to a large number of domestic and foreign literature, the first chapter discusses the background, purposes and the significance of the wave energy converters, then introduces the wave power generation technology and the achievements of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum home and abroad. At last, the problems and the key technical issues needed to be solved immediately in the current research and the commercialization are presented.
The second chapter analyses the fluid motion characteristics of wave fluid particles by means of the wave theory and the fluid dynamics theory, then the pitch movement theory of the buoyant swing in the zone of bottom waves is introduced. And the working principle and the structure components of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum are also presented.
The third chapter analyzes the key technologies of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum. Firstly, a theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the buoyant swing wing and the fluid-structure interaction multi-physics simulations using finite element method have been made., and then the design and calculation of the buoyant swing wing has been done based on the analysis of simulation results. Secondly, the dual-stroke acting hydraulic drive system is introduced briefly based on the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the various fluid power transmission system. Lastly, the electrical control system of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum is designed.
The fourth chapter focuses on the dual-stroke acting hydraulic drive system of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum, including its design and working principle, the calculation and selection of hydraulic components and so on. And then the dual-stroke acting hydraulic drive system is modeled and co-simulated in the joint software AMESim and Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation results about the pressure-maintaining storage, constant frequency and the stability of output power have been analyzed and summarized.
The fifth chapter firstly analyzes the operating conditions of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum, and then studies the structure of the power system. Secondly, the maximum energy capture based on load control and the improved adaptive variable disturbulent step power observer control strategy is proposed. Lastly, the hardware and software of the controller system has been designed according to the operating functional requirements, and its structure and control algorithm has been modeled and obtains simulation verification.
The sixth chapter introduces the 5kW prototype plant test and the semi-physical simulation test, the operating principle and the feasibility of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum has been verified. And the conclusions including the whole performance has been summarized according to the analysis of the test results.
The seventh chapter summarizes the whole paper's research work and the achievements, and also points out the the directions for further research.
作为一种系统集成创新的利用波浪能来发电的海洋能源利用装备,浮力摆式波浪能发电装置的研制存在若干关键技术难题,本文试图通过理论分析、仿真试验并结合实验样机厂房试验、现场试验等手段以期研究论证浮力摆式波浪能发电装置双行程全周期做功的可行性,大幅提高其工作效率和在不确定波况等恶劣海况下的生存能力和可靠性,优化浮力摆翼型结构,通过对机组的功率控制实现最大能量捕获和功率稳定输出等。
论文首先通过波浪理论对浮力摆在波浪上的运动规律进行分析,并在流体动力学理论的基础上运用有限元法流固耦合多物理场建模仿真对浮力摆翼形进行水动力学特性的研究及优化设计。在传动系统方面,重点研究了双行程全周期做功的液压式能量传动方案,通过对液压传动方案的仿真试验和厂房的半物理仿真试验的结果分析,表明采用蓄能器的双行程全周期做功的液压传动系统在提高系统效率及输出功率稳定性方面性能良好。论文还对浮力摆式波浪能发电系统的功率控制技术进行了研究,对控制器系统结构及其控制算法进行了仿真研究,结果表明基于负载控制的最大能量捕获可以使浮力摆式波浪能发电系统功率较好地稳定在最大功率点附近。
论文各章内容分述如下：
第一章在调研查阅了大量的国内外相关文献的基础上,论述了波浪能发电装置研究的背景、目的和意义；介绍了国内外各种波浪能发电技术的研究进展及取得的成果；总结了当前浮力摆式波浪能发电装置研究方面亟待解决的一些关键技术问题。
第二章运用波浪理论、流体动力学理论分析了波浪流体质点的运动特性,随后介绍了浮力摆在波浪上的运动理论基础,最后介绍了浮力摆在波浪能发电装置的组成结构及工作原理。
第三章分述了浮力摆式波浪能发电装置的若干关键技术问题。首先利用理论分析对浮力摆翼型水动力学特性进行流固耦合有限元法多物理场模拟仿真；在分析研究仿真结果的基础上对浮力摆翼型进行设计计算；在比较了波浪能发电装置各种传动方式优缺点的基础上,引申出本课题提出的带蓄能器的双行程全周期做功的液压能量传动系统方案；最后对机组的电气及负载控制系统等也进行了设计介绍。
第四章着重研究了双行程全周期做功的液压传动系统在浮力摆式波浪能发电装置中的应用,包括双行程全周期做功的液压传动系统的工作原理及设计、液压元器件的计算与选型等；联合软件AMESim及Matlab/Simulink对双行程全周期做功的液压传动系统进行系统建模,并进行蓄能稳压恒频及功率稳定等方面的联合仿真验证,并进行分析总结。
第五章首先对浮力摆式波浪能发电装置运行工况进行分析,由此对浮力摆式波浪能发电系统结构进行研究,并提出基于负载控制的最大能量捕获及改进的自适应变步长扰动观测功率控制策略,根据系统运行功能需求对控制器做了系统软硬件设计,并对控制器系统结构及控制算法进行了建模仿真研究验证。
第六章介绍了5kW浮力摆式波浪能发电装置原理样机的厂房原理可行性验证试验及双行程全周期做功试验,并根据试验结果对机组整体性能进行了分析及总结。
第七章对本文的研究工作及成果进行了归纳总结,并指出本课题今后进一步的工作内容与研究方向。
Energy is the material basis of human existence and production. The important problems such as the contradiction between Economic development and energy supply shortage, the causal relationship between traditional energy development and environmental degradation, International energy conflicts and energy security have attracted widespread attention all over the world. As a kind of ocean energy, wave energy is an abundant and renewable energy, which has drawn more and more attentions in many countries. The scientific large-scale exploitation of wave energy has important and far-reaching significance in the promotion of the sustainable development of national economy. The exploitation of wave energy has the unfavorable factors such as uncertainty, random fluctuations and the harsh marine environment, so the production of scientific,rational and economical wave energy converters not only affects the conversion efficiency and the cost directly, but also often determines the success of wave energy exploitation technology.
There are several key technologies should be solved for the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum, which could be regarded as an integrated innovative system using wave energy to generate electricity. This paper attempts to demonstrate the feasibility of the dual-stroke acting hydraulic drive system, the substantially increase in the system efficiency, the viability and the reliability under the uncertainty wave conditions, the optimization of buoyancy swing wing structure, the realization of maximum energy capture and the stability of output power by means of theoretical analysis, simulations and experimental prototype plant tests.
The main research content of the paper is summarized as follows:
Based on the access to a large number of domestic and foreign literature, the first chapter discusses the background, purposes and the significance of the wave energy converters, then introduces the wave power generation technology and the achievements of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum home and abroad. At last, the problems and the key technical issues needed to be solved immediately in the current research and the commercialization are presented.
The second chapter analyses the fluid motion characteristics of wave fluid particles by means of the wave theory and the fluid dynamics theory, then the pitch movement theory of the buoyant swing in the zone of bottom waves is introduced. And the working principle and the structure components of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum are also presented.
The third chapter analyzes the key technologies of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum. Firstly, a theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the buoyant swing wing and the fluid-structure interaction multi-physics simulations using finite element method have been made., and then the design and calculation of the buoyant swing wing has been done based on the analysis of simulation results. Secondly, the dual-stroke acting hydraulic drive system is introduced briefly based on the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the various fluid power transmission system. Lastly, the electrical control system of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum is designed.
The fourth chapter focuses on the dual-stroke acting hydraulic drive system of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum, including its design and working principle, the calculation and selection of hydraulic components and so on. And then the dual-stroke acting hydraulic drive system is modeled and co-simulated in the joint software AMESim and Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation results about the pressure-maintaining storage, constant frequency and the stability of output power have been analyzed and summarized.
The fifth chapter firstly analyzes the operating conditions of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum, and then studies the structure of the power system. Secondly, the maximum energy capture based on load control and the improved adaptive variable disturbulent step power observer control strategy is proposed. Lastly, the hardware and software of the controller system has been designed according to the operating functional requirements, and its structure and control algorithm has been modeled and obtains simulation verification.
The sixth chapter introduces the 5kW prototype plant test and the semi-physical simulation test, the operating principle and the feasibility of the wave energy converter of inverse pendulum has been verified. And the conclusions including the whole performance has been summarized according to the analysis of the test results.
The seventh chapter summarizes the whole paper's research work and the achievements, and also points out the the directions for further research.
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