振荡浮子式波能转换装置性能的实验研究
|
摘要
海洋波浪能作为一种无污染的可再生能源,长期以来,世界各国对其投入了大量的研究。振荡水柱(OWC)式波能转换装置由于具有较高的可靠性,在欧洲等一些波能密度较大的国家,得到广泛的采用。但这种装置的缺点在于:建造费用昂贵、施工困难、转换效率低。在波能密度低的国家,如中国,继续采用这种装置就显得很不理想。
本文研究的振荡浮子(OD)式波能转换装置用一个放在港中的浮子作为波浪能的吸收载体,然后将浮子吸收的能量通过一个放在岸上的机械或液压装置转换出去,用来驱动发电机发电。这种装置的主要优点是:建造成本低、转换效率高。尽管其可靠性有所下降,但由于波能密度较低,在采用有效保护措施的条件下,装置的性能不受影响。
本文研究的内容包括以下几个部分:在第2章中,通过数值计算对影响装置性能的各参数进行了优化,得到各参数的最优值。第3章在前面优化结果的基础上,对试验模型进行了设计,在设计中,综合考虑了装置的实用性,使该模型装置可以较好地在实际工程中采用。在第4章中,对装置进行了实验研究,从试验结果可看出:振荡浮子式波能转换装置具有与振荡水柱式波能转换装置相当的俘获宽度比;具有比振荡水柱装置搞得多的总转换效率;因此,振荡浮子式波能转换装置是一种具有极好前景的波能转换装置。
Scientists of many countries have investigated wave energy, as a kind of clean, renewable energy, for many years. Because of its high reliability, the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave power device is adopted widely in some European countries where the wave power levels in KW/m crest length is larger. But disadvantages of this device can not be ignored: (1) it is expensive and difficult to be built. (2) It is of low efficiency. So for some countries where the energy stream is lower, just as China, it is unadvisable to adopt this device.The Oscillating buoy wave power Device (OD) investigated in this paper consists of a buoy placed in a port and some hydraulic or mechanical devices mounted on the coast. The buoy extracts wave energy and drives a generator through the hydraulic or mechanical devices to generate electricity. The advantages of this device are that it is cheaper and high efficient, as a cost, the reliability of this device is lowered. So this device is attractive to some countries where the wave energy stream is lower. With effective protection the performance of this device will be impervious to its low reliability.There are five chapters in this thesis: chapter 1 is the foreword and chapter 5 is the conclusion. In chapter 2, we optimize parameters affecting the performance of the device by calculation, and gain the optimal parameters. In chapter 3, the test model is designed according to the above optimization results, and the model has good practicability. In chapter 4, we investigate the OD by experiment. The experimental results show that: the capture width ratio of the OD is nearly equal to that of the OWC;the total efficiency of the OD is much higher than that of the OWC. Therefore the OD is a promising wave power device.
本文研究的振荡浮子(OD)式波能转换装置用一个放在港中的浮子作为波浪能的吸收载体,然后将浮子吸收的能量通过一个放在岸上的机械或液压装置转换出去,用来驱动发电机发电。这种装置的主要优点是:建造成本低、转换效率高。尽管其可靠性有所下降,但由于波能密度较低,在采用有效保护措施的条件下,装置的性能不受影响。
本文研究的内容包括以下几个部分:在第2章中,通过数值计算对影响装置性能的各参数进行了优化,得到各参数的最优值。第3章在前面优化结果的基础上,对试验模型进行了设计,在设计中,综合考虑了装置的实用性,使该模型装置可以较好地在实际工程中采用。在第4章中,对装置进行了实验研究,从试验结果可看出:振荡浮子式波能转换装置具有与振荡水柱式波能转换装置相当的俘获宽度比;具有比振荡水柱装置搞得多的总转换效率;因此,振荡浮子式波能转换装置是一种具有极好前景的波能转换装置。
Scientists of many countries have investigated wave energy, as a kind of clean, renewable energy, for many years. Because of its high reliability, the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave power device is adopted widely in some European countries where the wave power levels in KW/m crest length is larger. But disadvantages of this device can not be ignored: (1) it is expensive and difficult to be built. (2) It is of low efficiency. So for some countries where the energy stream is lower, just as China, it is unadvisable to adopt this device.The Oscillating buoy wave power Device (OD) investigated in this paper consists of a buoy placed in a port and some hydraulic or mechanical devices mounted on the coast. The buoy extracts wave energy and drives a generator through the hydraulic or mechanical devices to generate electricity. The advantages of this device are that it is cheaper and high efficient, as a cost, the reliability of this device is lowered. So this device is attractive to some countries where the wave energy stream is lower. With effective protection the performance of this device will be impervious to its low reliability.There are five chapters in this thesis: chapter 1 is the foreword and chapter 5 is the conclusion. In chapter 2, we optimize parameters affecting the performance of the device by calculation, and gain the optimal parameters. In chapter 3, the test model is designed according to the above optimization results, and the model has good practicability. In chapter 4, we investigate the OD by experiment. The experimental results show that: the capture width ratio of the OD is nearly equal to that of the OWC;the total efficiency of the OD is much higher than that of the OWC. Therefore the OD is a promising wave power device.
引文
[1] Claeson, L., Energi fran havets vagor, Published by Energiforskningsnamden, Stokholm(Sweden), 1987.
[2] International Energy Agency, Energy and Environmental Technologies to Respond to Global Climate Change Concerns, OECD/IEA, Pads, 1994.
[3] McCormick, M., E., Ocean wave energy conversion, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. Y, 1981.
[4] Seymour, R. J., Ocean energy recovery, Published by American Society of Civil Engineers, N.Y, 1992.
[5] 余志,海洋波浪能发电技术进展,海洋工程,Vol.11,No.1,Feb.1993.pp.86～93.
[6] Hagerman, G. and Heller, T., Wave Energy: A Survey of Twelve Nearterm Technologies, Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Conference, Hawaii, 1988.
[7] Salter, S. H., Wave power, Nature, Vol.249, No.5459, 1974.
[8] Mynett, A., Serman, D., and Mei, C., Characteristics of Salter's cam for extracting energy from ocean waves, Applied Ocean Research, Vol.249, No.5459, 1979. pp.720-724
[9] Serman, D., and Mei, C., Note on Salter's energy absorber in random waves, Ocean Engineering, Vol.7, No.4, 1980.
[10] Falnes, J., Radiation impedance matrix and optimum power absorption for interacting oscillators in surface waves, Preprint, A.lc, 1979.
[11] Budal, K., Theory for absorption of wave power by a system of interacting bodies, Journal of Ship Research, Vol.21, No.4, 1977. pp.248～253.
[12] Norwegian Royal Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Norwegian Wave Power Plants 1987, Oslo, 1987.
[13] 国际海洋科学技述协会,沖合浮髓式波力装置用化国际展开关调查研究报告书,平成11年3月,pp41-73.
[14] Masuda, Y., Study of backward duct buoy, Proceeding of Oceans '87 Conference, Tokyo, 1987.
[15] Masuda, Y., Miyazaki, T., The sea trial of the wave power generator Kaimei, Energy Developments in Japan, Vol.3, No.2, 1980, pp. 165～179.
[16] Bonke K., Building of Wave Energy Power Station in Norway. Report. Trondheim (Norway): Norwegian Hydrodynamic Lab, 1985.
[17] Whittaker T.J.T., Learning from the Islay wave power plant. In: Proceedings of the 1997 IEE Colloquium on wave power: An Engineering and Commercial Perspective. 1997.
[18] http://www.wavegen.co.uk/
[19] de O Falcao A.F., Sabino M., Whittaker T.J.T., Lewis A.W. Design of a Shoreline Wave Power Pilot Plant for the Island of Pico, Azores. In: Elliot G, Diamantaras K, editors. The Second European Wave Power Conference. Glasgow(England): Brown, Son & Ferguson Ltd. 1996, pp.87-93. Koola Paul Mario, Ravindran M., Aswatha Namyana P.A., Model studies of oscillating
[20] water column wave-energy device. J Energy Eng, 121(1): 14-27, 1995.
[21] Yu Z., Jiang N., You Y., Power Output of an Onshore OWC Wave Power Station at Dawanshan Island. In: Proceedings of the European Wave Energy Symposium, Edinburgh(England). 1993.
[22] Yu Z., Ye J., You Y., Jiang N., Jie D., Gao X., Site Test of a 20 kW Wave Power Station at Dawanshan Island. In: Proceedings of the 16~(th)International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. I, Part B, 1997.
[23] 游亚戈,蒋念东,余志,100 kW岸式波力电站系统研究报告,广州能源研究所报告,2000年12月。
[24] Barthorpe Frances. Wave power plugs into the grid. ProfEng 8(14):25, 1995.
[25] Washio Y, et al. The offshore floating type wave power device 'Mighty Whale' open sea tests. In: Proceedings of the 10~(th)Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conference, 2000.
[26] Hotta, H., R&D on wave power in Japan, In: Proceedings of the second European wave power conference, Glasgow(England), 12～13, 1996.
[27] Watabe, T., Ocean Wave Energy Converter: Pendulor, Report of T-Wave Consulting Volunteer, Noboribetsu. 2000.
[28] 国家海洋局海洋技术研究所,国家重点科技攻关计划专题执行情况验收自评估报告,2000。
[29] Haren, P., Oct., Optimal design of Haren-Cockerell raft, Master's thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass, 1978.
[30] Haren, P., and Mei, C., Oct., Rafts for absorbing wave power, 13~(th)Nava Hydrodynamics Symposium, Preprint, Tokyo, 1980.
[31] 世界能源理事会,新的可再生能源—未来发展指南,海洋出版社,北京,1998。
[32] 游亚戈,苏永玲,郑永红.国内外海洋波浪能技术的发展趋势[J].21世纪绿色城市论坛论文集,厦门,2001.118-2001.11.11,PP:175-179
[33] 苏永玲,振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置研究,中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2002:pp29-35.
[34] Count, B. M and Evans, D. V. The influence of projecting sidewalls on the hydrodynamic performance of wave-energy [J]. Fluid Mech. Vol.145 PP: 361-376.
[35] Malmo, O. and Rertan, A. Wave-power absorption by an Oscillating Water Column in a Reflecting wall [J].Applied Ocean Res. 1986a,8(1), PP: 42-48.
[36] Ambli, N., Bonke, K., Malmo, O. and Reitan,A. The Kvaemer multi-resonant OWC[J]. Proc. 2~(nd) Int. Syrup. On Wave Energy Utilization, Trondherm. 1982: 275-295.
[37] 余志,蒋念东,游亚戈,大万山岸式振荡水柱波力电站的输出功率[J]。海洋工程,1996.5 Vol.14,No.2,pp:77-82.
[38] 许维德,流体力学,国防工业出版社,北京,1979,pp:165-187.
[39] 梁贤光,孙培亚,游亚戈,100KW波力电站气室模型性能试验,国家“九五”科技攻关计划专题(96-A17-06-01)100KW岸式波力电站研建验收技术文件汇编,广州,2000,pp:55-61.
[40] Yu, Z., Jiang, N., and You, Y., Power Output of an Onshore OWC Wave Power Station at Dawanshan Island, Proc. European Wave Energy Symposium, Edinburgh(England), Session G, 1993. pp271～276,
[41] Hotta, H., R&D on wave power in Japan, Proc. the second European wave power conference, Glasgow(England), 1996. pp 12～13.
[42] Lu, Wei and Su, Qiucheng, The analysis on the wave power resources of 100KW shoreline wave power station at Zhelang, Proc. the third European wave power conference, Greece.
[43] Su Yongling, You Yage and Zheng Yonghong, Investigation on the Oscillating Buoy Wave Power Device, China Ocean Engineering, Vol. 16 No. 1, 2002. pp141-149.
[44] 杨正己,左其华,潘军宁等,波浪模型试验规程,人民交通出版社,南京,2002,PP:6-9
[45] You, Y., Hydrodynamic analysis on wave power devices in near-shore zones, Journal of hydrodynamics, Ser. B(3), 1993. pp: 42-54.
[46] 游亚戈,振荡浮子式波能装置的最佳阻尼与最佳弹簧,广州能源研究所研究报告,2000。
[47] Yoshida, A. and Ijima, T., Resonance in harbors of arbitrary topography, Boundary elements, Proc. Of the fifth Inter, Conf., Hiroshima, Japan, 1983. pp: 217-226.
[48] Li, Y., Chen, J. and Zhang, J. A three-dimension theoretical technique of oscillating water column with a harbour system, Third Symp. On Ocean Wave Energy Utilization, JAMSTEC.1991, pp:347-355.
[49] 游亚戈,岸式侧开口振荡水柱波能转换装置的三维流体动力计算。全国第三届水动力学学术会议论文集,1991.5,pp:42-54.
[50] Koola, Paul Mario, Ravindran, M. and Aswatha Narayana, P. A. Model studies of oscillating water column wave-energy device[J]. Energy eng., 1995,121(1),pp:14-27.
[51] Falnes, J. and Mciver, P. surface wave interactions with systems of oscillating bodies and pressure distributions[J].Applied Ocean Research, Vol.7, No. 4,1985,pp:225-234.
[2] International Energy Agency, Energy and Environmental Technologies to Respond to Global Climate Change Concerns, OECD/IEA, Pads, 1994.
[3] McCormick, M., E., Ocean wave energy conversion, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. Y, 1981.
[4] Seymour, R. J., Ocean energy recovery, Published by American Society of Civil Engineers, N.Y, 1992.
[5] 余志,海洋波浪能发电技术进展,海洋工程,Vol.11,No.1,Feb.1993.pp.86～93.
[6] Hagerman, G. and Heller, T., Wave Energy: A Survey of Twelve Nearterm Technologies, Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Conference, Hawaii, 1988.
[7] Salter, S. H., Wave power, Nature, Vol.249, No.5459, 1974.
[8] Mynett, A., Serman, D., and Mei, C., Characteristics of Salter's cam for extracting energy from ocean waves, Applied Ocean Research, Vol.249, No.5459, 1979. pp.720-724
[9] Serman, D., and Mei, C., Note on Salter's energy absorber in random waves, Ocean Engineering, Vol.7, No.4, 1980.
[10] Falnes, J., Radiation impedance matrix and optimum power absorption for interacting oscillators in surface waves, Preprint, A.lc, 1979.
[11] Budal, K., Theory for absorption of wave power by a system of interacting bodies, Journal of Ship Research, Vol.21, No.4, 1977. pp.248～253.
[12] Norwegian Royal Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Norwegian Wave Power Plants 1987, Oslo, 1987.
[13] 国际海洋科学技述协会,沖合浮髓式波力装置用化国际展开关调查研究报告书,平成11年3月,pp41-73.
[14] Masuda, Y., Study of backward duct buoy, Proceeding of Oceans '87 Conference, Tokyo, 1987.
[15] Masuda, Y., Miyazaki, T., The sea trial of the wave power generator Kaimei, Energy Developments in Japan, Vol.3, No.2, 1980, pp. 165～179.
[16] Bonke K., Building of Wave Energy Power Station in Norway. Report. Trondheim (Norway): Norwegian Hydrodynamic Lab, 1985.
[17] Whittaker T.J.T., Learning from the Islay wave power plant. In: Proceedings of the 1997 IEE Colloquium on wave power: An Engineering and Commercial Perspective. 1997.
[18] http://www.wavegen.co.uk/
[19] de O Falcao A.F., Sabino M., Whittaker T.J.T., Lewis A.W. Design of a Shoreline Wave Power Pilot Plant for the Island of Pico, Azores. In: Elliot G, Diamantaras K, editors. The Second European Wave Power Conference. Glasgow(England): Brown, Son & Ferguson Ltd. 1996, pp.87-93. Koola Paul Mario, Ravindran M., Aswatha Namyana P.A., Model studies of oscillating
[20] water column wave-energy device. J Energy Eng, 121(1): 14-27, 1995.
[21] Yu Z., Jiang N., You Y., Power Output of an Onshore OWC Wave Power Station at Dawanshan Island. In: Proceedings of the European Wave Energy Symposium, Edinburgh(England). 1993.
[22] Yu Z., Ye J., You Y., Jiang N., Jie D., Gao X., Site Test of a 20 kW Wave Power Station at Dawanshan Island. In: Proceedings of the 16~(th)International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. I, Part B, 1997.
[23] 游亚戈,蒋念东,余志,100 kW岸式波力电站系统研究报告,广州能源研究所报告,2000年12月。
[24] Barthorpe Frances. Wave power plugs into the grid. ProfEng 8(14):25, 1995.
[25] Washio Y, et al. The offshore floating type wave power device 'Mighty Whale' open sea tests. In: Proceedings of the 10~(th)Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conference, 2000.
[26] Hotta, H., R&D on wave power in Japan, In: Proceedings of the second European wave power conference, Glasgow(England), 12～13, 1996.
[27] Watabe, T., Ocean Wave Energy Converter: Pendulor, Report of T-Wave Consulting Volunteer, Noboribetsu. 2000.
[28] 国家海洋局海洋技术研究所,国家重点科技攻关计划专题执行情况验收自评估报告,2000。
[29] Haren, P., Oct., Optimal design of Haren-Cockerell raft, Master's thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass, 1978.
[30] Haren, P., and Mei, C., Oct., Rafts for absorbing wave power, 13~(th)Nava Hydrodynamics Symposium, Preprint, Tokyo, 1980.
[31] 世界能源理事会,新的可再生能源—未来发展指南,海洋出版社,北京,1998。
[32] 游亚戈,苏永玲,郑永红.国内外海洋波浪能技术的发展趋势[J].21世纪绿色城市论坛论文集,厦门,2001.118-2001.11.11,PP:175-179
[33] 苏永玲,振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置研究,中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2002:pp29-35.
[34] Count, B. M and Evans, D. V. The influence of projecting sidewalls on the hydrodynamic performance of wave-energy [J]. Fluid Mech. Vol.145 PP: 361-376.
[35] Malmo, O. and Rertan, A. Wave-power absorption by an Oscillating Water Column in a Reflecting wall [J].Applied Ocean Res. 1986a,8(1), PP: 42-48.
[36] Ambli, N., Bonke, K., Malmo, O. and Reitan,A. The Kvaemer multi-resonant OWC[J]. Proc. 2~(nd) Int. Syrup. On Wave Energy Utilization, Trondherm. 1982: 275-295.
[37] 余志,蒋念东,游亚戈,大万山岸式振荡水柱波力电站的输出功率[J]。海洋工程,1996.5 Vol.14,No.2,pp:77-82.
[38] 许维德,流体力学,国防工业出版社,北京,1979,pp:165-187.
[39] 梁贤光,孙培亚,游亚戈,100KW波力电站气室模型性能试验,国家“九五”科技攻关计划专题(96-A17-06-01)100KW岸式波力电站研建验收技术文件汇编,广州,2000,pp:55-61.
[40] Yu, Z., Jiang, N., and You, Y., Power Output of an Onshore OWC Wave Power Station at Dawanshan Island, Proc. European Wave Energy Symposium, Edinburgh(England), Session G, 1993. pp271～276,
[41] Hotta, H., R&D on wave power in Japan, Proc. the second European wave power conference, Glasgow(England), 1996. pp 12～13.
[42] Lu, Wei and Su, Qiucheng, The analysis on the wave power resources of 100KW shoreline wave power station at Zhelang, Proc. the third European wave power conference, Greece.
[43] Su Yongling, You Yage and Zheng Yonghong, Investigation on the Oscillating Buoy Wave Power Device, China Ocean Engineering, Vol. 16 No. 1, 2002. pp141-149.
[44] 杨正己,左其华,潘军宁等,波浪模型试验规程,人民交通出版社,南京,2002,PP:6-9
[45] You, Y., Hydrodynamic analysis on wave power devices in near-shore zones, Journal of hydrodynamics, Ser. B(3), 1993. pp: 42-54.
[46] 游亚戈,振荡浮子式波能装置的最佳阻尼与最佳弹簧,广州能源研究所研究报告,2000。
[47] Yoshida, A. and Ijima, T., Resonance in harbors of arbitrary topography, Boundary elements, Proc. Of the fifth Inter, Conf., Hiroshima, Japan, 1983. pp: 217-226.
[48] Li, Y., Chen, J. and Zhang, J. A three-dimension theoretical technique of oscillating water column with a harbour system, Third Symp. On Ocean Wave Energy Utilization, JAMSTEC.1991, pp:347-355.
[49] 游亚戈,岸式侧开口振荡水柱波能转换装置的三维流体动力计算。全国第三届水动力学学术会议论文集,1991.5,pp:42-54.
[50] Koola, Paul Mario, Ravindran, M. and Aswatha Narayana, P. A. Model studies of oscillating water column wave-energy device[J]. Energy eng., 1995,121(1),pp:14-27.
[51] Falnes, J. and Mciver, P. surface wave interactions with systems of oscillating bodies and pressure distributions[J].Applied Ocean Research, Vol.7, No. 4,1985,pp:225-234.