F170风冷柴油机气缸套热负荷分析
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摘要
与水冷柴油机相比,风冷柴油机具有结构简单、热效率高、起动方便、对环境适应性强、以及易于维护等优点,在小功率柴油机上得到广泛应用。但由于冷却空气散热能力差,导致风冷柴油机的热负荷较高,难以强化,热负荷故障率高。因此,改进风冷柴油机冷却系统设计,优化受热零件结构参数,降低热负荷具有重要意义。
本文以F170风冷柴油机热负荷为研究对象,利用热电偶测温技术,对不同冷却系统设计和零件结构方案的受热零件温度场进行了测量。分析了气缸套散热片设计,材料和冷却风扇对温度场的影响。同时还测量了柴油机的工作过程示功图,并以此为基础确定了气缸套的传热边界条件,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对气缸套进行数学建模,系统地探讨了有限元法在风冷柴油机缸套设计中的应用,深入研究了风冷柴油机热负荷对性能和可靠性的影响,内容涉及到结构强度、刚度、温度场、热应力、热变形等方面。为了提出最佳改进方案,本文首次采用结构参数化设计的方法,从而得出给定条件范围内的最佳结构参数。
Compared with water-cooled diesel engine, air-cooled diesel engine has its particular virtues such as simpler structure, higher efficiency, easier cold-starting, higher adaptability and easier maintenance. For these reasons, it has been widely used in small power diesel engine. The lower cooling efficiency of the air, however, leads to the higher thermal load , more difficult to be strengthened and more likely to be failed due to high thermal load. Therefore, it is important to modify the cooling system and optimize the structure parameter of air-cooled diesel engine.The thermal load of F170 air-cooled diesel engine are investigated by using of the thermocouples to measure temperature field of the heated parts' in different cooling system and different structure parameter. The effects to the cylinder block thermal load of the cylinder's design, the material and the cooling fan are analyzed. In the same time, according to the measured indicator diagram of the cylinder pressure in the engine, the heat transfer boundary of the cylinder block has been calculated. By usinga FEM (Finite Element Method) software-ANSYS, the mathematic model areestablished. The application of FEM to structure design of the cylinder block of air-cooled diesel engine are studied systematically. This FEM involved strength, stiffness, temperature field, thermal stress field, thermal deformation and so on. In order to optimization of the structure design, The APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) method are introduced to optimize the structure parameter.
本文以F170风冷柴油机热负荷为研究对象,利用热电偶测温技术,对不同冷却系统设计和零件结构方案的受热零件温度场进行了测量。分析了气缸套散热片设计,材料和冷却风扇对温度场的影响。同时还测量了柴油机的工作过程示功图,并以此为基础确定了气缸套的传热边界条件,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对气缸套进行数学建模,系统地探讨了有限元法在风冷柴油机缸套设计中的应用,深入研究了风冷柴油机热负荷对性能和可靠性的影响,内容涉及到结构强度、刚度、温度场、热应力、热变形等方面。为了提出最佳改进方案,本文首次采用结构参数化设计的方法,从而得出给定条件范围内的最佳结构参数。
Compared with water-cooled diesel engine, air-cooled diesel engine has its particular virtues such as simpler structure, higher efficiency, easier cold-starting, higher adaptability and easier maintenance. For these reasons, it has been widely used in small power diesel engine. The lower cooling efficiency of the air, however, leads to the higher thermal load , more difficult to be strengthened and more likely to be failed due to high thermal load. Therefore, it is important to modify the cooling system and optimize the structure parameter of air-cooled diesel engine.The thermal load of F170 air-cooled diesel engine are investigated by using of the thermocouples to measure temperature field of the heated parts' in different cooling system and different structure parameter. The effects to the cylinder block thermal load of the cylinder's design, the material and the cooling fan are analyzed. In the same time, according to the measured indicator diagram of the cylinder pressure in the engine, the heat transfer boundary of the cylinder block has been calculated. By usinga FEM (Finite Element Method) software-ANSYS, the mathematic model areestablished. The application of FEM to structure design of the cylinder block of air-cooled diesel engine are studied systematically. This FEM involved strength, stiffness, temperature field, thermal stress field, thermal deformation and so on. In order to optimization of the structure design, The APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) method are introduced to optimize the structure parameter.
引文
[1] 周龙保主编.高宗英等副主编,机械工业出版社出版的《内燃机学》;
[2] 郑飞等编著.浙江大学出版社出版的《风冷内燃机》;
[3] 曹茉莉.博士论文《直喷式柴油机结构设计中的有限元计算与分析》;
[4] 陆威仑.气缸盖温度场的三维有限元素法计算研究.《内燃机学报》.1987.3;
[5] 张宏兵.扬世文等,曲轴有限元自由模态分析.《车用发动机》.1996.2;
[6] 吴昌华.柴油机零部件的高精度分析,第10界全国大功率柴油机学术论文集,1997.4;
[7] Yan Z D, et al.: Calculation and Prediction of thermal loading of the Air-cooled Diesel Engine. SAE Paper 881254;
[8] 严兆大等.风冷柴油机气缸盖热负荷及换热边界条件的研究.《车用发动机》.1994.4;
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[10] Zuo Zhengxing, Liao Ridong, Fan Lixia. The Investigation of Mechanical Stress for Cylinder Head of High Power Diesel Engine. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 1998.2;
[11] 王贵,顾晶等.应用I-DEAS和ProCAST软件对航空发动机及摩托车铸件进行设计及工艺分析.《SDRC中国通讯》.1997.2;
[12] Hari Agrawal and Agus sudjianto, Ford Motor Co. and Lokeshja, EASi Engineering. Robust Design of An Automotive Structure Using Durability CAE. SAE Transactions;
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[14] Christian L Haller, er al. Root Cause Investigation of Cracked Cylinder Liner in ALCO 251Diesel Engines in Nuclear Standby Service. SAE Paper 941811;
[15] Harry Willis,et al. Use Finite Element Analysis and Metallographic Analysis to Understand Field Forces on an Industrial Head Gasket. SAE Paper 950321;
[16] Keith D Vertin,et al. A root Cause Investigation of Cylinder Head Cracking in Large Diesel Engine Standby Power Generators. SAE Paper 950321;
[17] 林宝阳,组合式活塞的一种实体有限元分析及辐射噪声的预测.《内燃机工程》.1997.1;
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[20] 李俊宝,李衍等.柴油机缸体振动响应分析与结构修改.《内燃机学报》.1997.2;
[21] Grogebeweg MA, et al. Current Application of FEA to Diesel Engine Component Design. SAE Paper 870813;
[22] Eugene Daielson,et al. Thermo-mechanical Stress Anlysis of Novel Low Heat Rejection Cylinder Head Designs, SAE Paper 930985;
[23] Eugene Daielson, et al: An Investigation of the Effects of Node Density on Finite Element Thermal/Stress Analysis as Applied to Low Heat Rejection Diesel Heads. SAE Paper 940950;
[24] 赵幼平等.轻型车动力总成模态分析.《SDRC中国通迅》.1997.1;
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[26] 廖正东,左正兴等.增压器涡轮叶片模态特性研究.《内燃机学报》.1998.4;
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[29] 廖日东,左正兴等.发动机零部件有限元技术的新发展;
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[31] 杜平安,王豪才.发动机活塞复合工况下的有限元分析.《电子科技大学学报》.1995.3;
[32] LALOR N,邱国平.发动机结构的有限元分析.《柴油机设计与制造》.1995.4;
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[34] 朱智春,蔡峨.固体火箭发动机药柱三维温度场应力场有限元分析.《推进技术》.1997.2;
[35] 孙俊,肖金生,吴锦翔,高孝洪.低排热发动机陶瓷气缸盖底板的三维结构有限元分析.《武汉交通科技大学学报》.1997.3;
[36] 周非,吴锦翔,高孝洪.陶瓷隔热无水冷发动机燃烧室部件传热有限元分析.《武汉交通科技大学学报》.1997.3;
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[38] 朱占德.发动机喷管有限元分析.《航天工艺》.1998.2;
[39] 廖日东,左正兴,樊利霞,邹文胜.发动机零部件有限元技术应用的新进展.《内燃机学报》.1999.2;
[40] 王良国,胡德波.368Q型发动机曲轴疲劳强度有限元分析.《内燃机学报》.2000.3;
[41] 苏铁熊,王和平,张保成.车用发动机曲轴结构设计中的三维有限元分析.《华北工学院学报》;
[42] 江冰,何勇灵.发动机曲轴应力影响因素的有限元分析.《洛阳工学院学报》.2002.2;
[43] 郭志强,晋兵营,周志立.有限元技术在发动机机体模态分析中的应用.《拖拉机与农用运输车》.2002.4;
[44] 江冰,李俊仙.G495发动机曲轴应力的有限元分析.《山西机械》.2003.2
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[46] 田永祥,张锡朝,张济勇,任洪娟,王志明.发动机活塞温度场三维有限元分析.《内燃机工程》.2004.1;
[47] 沈兴全,王爱玲.加工机车发动机主轴孔用组合镗杆的有限元分析.《机械工程师》.2004.4;
[48] 李志永,朱荻,孙春华,王蕾.发动机叶片电解加工阴极设计有限元数值解法研究.《中国机械工程》.2004.13;
[49] 王迪.基于声波有限元分析法的发动机进排气系统噪声的研究.《沈阳航空工业学院学报》.2004.2;
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[2] 郑飞等编著.浙江大学出版社出版的《风冷内燃机》;
[3] 曹茉莉.博士论文《直喷式柴油机结构设计中的有限元计算与分析》;
[4] 陆威仑.气缸盖温度场的三维有限元素法计算研究.《内燃机学报》.1987.3;
[5] 张宏兵.扬世文等,曲轴有限元自由模态分析.《车用发动机》.1996.2;
[6] 吴昌华.柴油机零部件的高精度分析,第10界全国大功率柴油机学术论文集,1997.4;
[7] Yan Z D, et al.: Calculation and Prediction of thermal loading of the Air-cooled Diesel Engine. SAE Paper 881254;
[8] 严兆大等.风冷柴油机气缸盖热负荷及换热边界条件的研究.《车用发动机》.1994.4;
[9] 吴汉权等编.北京理工大学出版.《内燃机设计》;
[10] Zuo Zhengxing, Liao Ridong, Fan Lixia. The Investigation of Mechanical Stress for Cylinder Head of High Power Diesel Engine. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 1998.2;
[11] 王贵,顾晶等.应用I-DEAS和ProCAST软件对航空发动机及摩托车铸件进行设计及工艺分析.《SDRC中国通讯》.1997.2;
[12] Hari Agrawal and Agus sudjianto, Ford Motor Co. and Lokeshja, EASi Engineering. Robust Design of An Automotive Structure Using Durability CAE. SAE Transactions;
[13] 左正兴,廖日东.12150柴油机橡胶密封圈的有限元分析.《内燃机工程》.1996.2;
[14] Christian L Haller, er al. Root Cause Investigation of Cracked Cylinder Liner in ALCO 251Diesel Engines in Nuclear Standby Service. SAE Paper 941811;
[15] Harry Willis,et al. Use Finite Element Analysis and Metallographic Analysis to Understand Field Forces on an Industrial Head Gasket. SAE Paper 950321;
[16] Keith D Vertin,et al. A root Cause Investigation of Cylinder Head Cracking in Large Diesel Engine Standby Power Generators. SAE Paper 950321;
[17] 林宝阳,组合式活塞的一种实体有限元分析及辐射噪声的预测.《内燃机工程》.1997.1;
[18] Usuba Yo,et al. The Role of Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis in Designing Low Noise Cylinder Blocks. SAE Paper 830251;
[19] 李惠珍,俞明等.内燃机机体模态分析及辐射噪声的预测.《内燃机工程》.1994.2;
[20] 李俊宝,李衍等.柴油机缸体振动响应分析与结构修改.《内燃机学报》.1997.2;
[21] Grogebeweg MA, et al. Current Application of FEA to Diesel Engine Component Design. SAE Paper 870813;
[22] Eugene Daielson,et al. Thermo-mechanical Stress Anlysis of Novel Low Heat Rejection Cylinder Head Designs, SAE Paper 930985;
[23] Eugene Daielson, et al: An Investigation of the Effects of Node Density on Finite Element Thermal/Stress Analysis as Applied to Low Heat Rejection Diesel Heads. SAE Paper 940950;
[24] 赵幼平等.轻型车动力总成模态分析.《SDRC中国通迅》.1997.1;
[25] French C C J:Advanced Techniques for Engine Research and Design.《国外内燃机》,1990.5;
[26] 廖正东,左正兴等.增压器涡轮叶片模态特性研究.《内燃机学报》.1998.4;
[27] 俞明,黄榕清.由机体结构设计减小表面振动响应.《内燃机学报》.1997.3;
[28] 陈传淼,黄去清等.湖南科学技术出版社《有限元高精度理论》;
[29] 廖日东,左正兴等.发动机零部件有限元技术的新发展;
[30] 道克森,施继民.有限元在车用发动机配气机构动力分析中应用.《小型内燃机》.1994.1;
[31] 杜平安,王豪才.发动机活塞复合工况下的有限元分析.《电子科技大学学报》.1995.3;
[32] LALOR N,邱国平.发动机结构的有限元分析.《柴油机设计与制造》.1995.4;
[33] 元成浩,赵元姬.CA488型发动机活塞温度场及热应力的有限元计算分析.《汽车技术》.1996.6;
[34] 朱智春,蔡峨.固体火箭发动机药柱三维温度场应力场有限元分析.《推进技术》.1997.2;
[35] 孙俊,肖金生,吴锦翔,高孝洪.低排热发动机陶瓷气缸盖底板的三维结构有限元分析.《武汉交通科技大学学报》.1997.3;
[36] 周非,吴锦翔,高孝洪.陶瓷隔热无水冷发动机燃烧室部件传热有限元分析.《武汉交通科技大学学报》.1997.3;
[37] 毛明智,万力,陈宇峰.发动机活塞温度场三维有限元法分析.《武汉化工学院学报》.1997.4;
[38] 朱占德.发动机喷管有限元分析.《航天工艺》.1998.2;
[39] 廖日东,左正兴,樊利霞,邹文胜.发动机零部件有限元技术应用的新进展.《内燃机学报》.1999.2;
[40] 王良国,胡德波.368Q型发动机曲轴疲劳强度有限元分析.《内燃机学报》.2000.3;
[41] 苏铁熊,王和平,张保成.车用发动机曲轴结构设计中的三维有限元分析.《华北工学院学报》;
[42] 江冰,何勇灵.发动机曲轴应力影响因素的有限元分析.《洛阳工学院学报》.2002.2;
[43] 郭志强,晋兵营,周志立.有限元技术在发动机机体模态分析中的应用.《拖拉机与农用运输车》.2002.4;
[44] 江冰,李俊仙.G495发动机曲轴应力的有限元分析.《山西机械》.2003.2
[45] 杜建科,乐发仁,沈亚鹏,何景轩.固体火箭发动机接头组合件三维弹塑性有限元分析.《固体火箭技术》.2003.3;
[46] 田永祥,张锡朝,张济勇,任洪娟,王志明.发动机活塞温度场三维有限元分析.《内燃机工程》.2004.1;
[47] 沈兴全,王爱玲.加工机车发动机主轴孔用组合镗杆的有限元分析.《机械工程师》.2004.4;
[48] 李志永,朱荻,孙春华,王蕾.发动机叶片电解加工阴极设计有限元数值解法研究.《中国机械工程》.2004.13;
[49] 王迪.基于声波有限元分析法的发动机进排气系统噪声的研究.《沈阳航空工业学院学报》.2004.2;
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