曲轴参数化建模和有限元分析
摘要
有限元法随着计算机科学的发展,在包括汽车发动机在内的几乎所有工程领域得到了愈来愈广泛的运用。有限元技术的出现,为工程设计领域提供了一个强有力的计算工具。经过约半个世纪的发展,它已日趋成熟,在工程设计领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。汽车发动机零部件的设计是有限元技术最早的应用领域之一,有限元技术的应用提高了汽车发动机零部件设计的可靠性,缩短了设计周期,大大推动了汽车发动机工业的发展。曲轴是汽车发动机中最重要的部件,同时也是承受负荷最复杂的部件。其结构参数和加工工艺水平不仅影响着整机的尺寸和重量,也在很大程度上影响着发动机的可靠性与寿命。因而曲轴的强度研究是发动机设计必不可少的重要组成部分。
ANSYS是一个功能十分强大的、通用性很强的有限元分析软件,所以本文通过VC开发了基于ANSYS为核心的发动机曲轴有限元分析系统。
在对曲轴的种类和结构型式进行了分类总结后,提出了控制曲轴三维模型的尺寸,并在ANSYS中实现了曲轴的三维参数化建模。
在VC中设计了热计算和动力学计算模块,可以计算出任何曲轴转角下发动机连杆传递到连杆轴颈上的连杆力。并把计算结果和数据存入了数据库中,在其后的曲轴有限元分析时可以通过查询数据库,得到在任何曲轴转角所有连杆轴颈上作用的力。
通过比较曲轴静强度分析时不同加载方式和约束边界条件对结果的影响,得到了较好的边界条件,在此基础上实现了曲轴有限元分析的参数化控制。
本文建立了以ANSYS为计算核心的,用VC封装的发动机曲轴有限元分析系统。并通过此系统分析了495Q曲轴部分尺寸和结构型式对曲轴圆角应力的影响。
本文借助大型有限元分析软件ANSYS的二次开发语言APDL和VC++6.0的界面开发技术,研究开发参数化的曲轴有限元分析系统,实现了曲轴建模和分析计算的自动化、智能化,大大减小曲轴建模与分析的工作量,提高了新产品研发效率。
Along with the development of the computer science the finite element analysis (FEA) was been widely applying in all engineering practice, also in the internal combustion engine (ICE) field. FEA became a powerful calculate implement as soon as its appearance. Now it plays an important part in all engineering design field after half century development. The automobile engine accessory design is one of the early fields that FEA was applied in. The application of the FEA improved on the reliability of the automobile engine accessory, shortened the design cycle, and greatly advanced the automobile engine industry development. The crankshaft is one of the most important part, and a part bearing most complicated load. Its structural dimensions and technics level not only affect the engine' dimensions and weight, but also greatly affect the engine's reliability and life. So it is very essential to study the intensity of the crankshaft in engine design process.ANSYS is a powerful and universal FEA software, but user must be proficient in the part which he will use, and has more knowledge of mechanics and FEA theory. So this thesis has done research about how to design simple FEA program for automobile engine crankshaft by VC and ANSYS.This thesis divides the crankshaft, finds about 40 dimensions of crankshaft model, and successfully creates the 3D model by parameter-control in ANSYS.The connecting rod force can be calculated by the thermal-calculate module and the dynamics-calculate module at any crankshaft rotate-angle in VC. These results are stored in a database, which will be queried in latter.This thesis acquired the better boundary condition by study differences between the analysis results when different loads and displacement constraints was applied. At the end the influence of the dimensions and structure to the crankshaft stress was been studied on 495 crankshaft.A high efficiency crankshaft FEA system is developed by utilizing VC and APDL which is a secondary development language of ANSYS in this thesis. It can create and analysis the crankshaft automatically and intelligently. So it can reduce the crankshaft design load and advance efficiency.
ANSYS是一个功能十分强大的、通用性很强的有限元分析软件,所以本文通过VC开发了基于ANSYS为核心的发动机曲轴有限元分析系统。
在对曲轴的种类和结构型式进行了分类总结后,提出了控制曲轴三维模型的尺寸,并在ANSYS中实现了曲轴的三维参数化建模。
在VC中设计了热计算和动力学计算模块,可以计算出任何曲轴转角下发动机连杆传递到连杆轴颈上的连杆力。并把计算结果和数据存入了数据库中,在其后的曲轴有限元分析时可以通过查询数据库,得到在任何曲轴转角所有连杆轴颈上作用的力。
通过比较曲轴静强度分析时不同加载方式和约束边界条件对结果的影响,得到了较好的边界条件,在此基础上实现了曲轴有限元分析的参数化控制。
本文建立了以ANSYS为计算核心的,用VC封装的发动机曲轴有限元分析系统。并通过此系统分析了495Q曲轴部分尺寸和结构型式对曲轴圆角应力的影响。
本文借助大型有限元分析软件ANSYS的二次开发语言APDL和VC++6.0的界面开发技术,研究开发参数化的曲轴有限元分析系统,实现了曲轴建模和分析计算的自动化、智能化,大大减小曲轴建模与分析的工作量,提高了新产品研发效率。
Along with the development of the computer science the finite element analysis (FEA) was been widely applying in all engineering practice, also in the internal combustion engine (ICE) field. FEA became a powerful calculate implement as soon as its appearance. Now it plays an important part in all engineering design field after half century development. The automobile engine accessory design is one of the early fields that FEA was applied in. The application of the FEA improved on the reliability of the automobile engine accessory, shortened the design cycle, and greatly advanced the automobile engine industry development. The crankshaft is one of the most important part, and a part bearing most complicated load. Its structural dimensions and technics level not only affect the engine' dimensions and weight, but also greatly affect the engine's reliability and life. So it is very essential to study the intensity of the crankshaft in engine design process.ANSYS is a powerful and universal FEA software, but user must be proficient in the part which he will use, and has more knowledge of mechanics and FEA theory. So this thesis has done research about how to design simple FEA program for automobile engine crankshaft by VC and ANSYS.This thesis divides the crankshaft, finds about 40 dimensions of crankshaft model, and successfully creates the 3D model by parameter-control in ANSYS.The connecting rod force can be calculated by the thermal-calculate module and the dynamics-calculate module at any crankshaft rotate-angle in VC. These results are stored in a database, which will be queried in latter.This thesis acquired the better boundary condition by study differences between the analysis results when different loads and displacement constraints was applied. At the end the influence of the dimensions and structure to the crankshaft stress was been studied on 495 crankshaft.A high efficiency crankshaft FEA system is developed by utilizing VC and APDL which is a secondary development language of ANSYS in this thesis. It can create and analysis the crankshaft automatically and intelligently. So it can reduce the crankshaft design load and advance efficiency.
引文
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[2] 韩松涛,郝志勇,6102B型柴油机曲轴三维有限元模态分析与试验研究,农业机械学报,2001,34(4)
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[4] 王益民,郁其祥,崔毅,8300柴油机曲轴的三维有限元计算分析,《柴油机·Diesel Engine》,2004,1
[5] 周自斌,高军,CZC492/1000型发动机曲轴的三维有限元分析,河南职技师院学报,2000,28(2):36～39
[6] 蒲明辉,黄世伟,G170柴油机曲轴有限元分析,广西大学学报,2000,25(2)
[7] 江冰,李俊仙,G495发动机曲轴应力的有限元分析,三西机械,2003,(2):24～27
[8] 王欣,N485柴油机曲轴的静强度有限元分析,汽车发动机,2001,(5):5～9
[9] 沈晓雯,钱湘群,不同材料对五缸增压柴油机曲轴强度影响的预测,《起重运输机械》,2003(10)
[10] 董小瑞,苏铁熊,王和平,不同结构曲轴的疲劳强度分析,车用发动机,2002,(3):29～31
[11] 丁培杰,吴昌华,柴油机曲轴计算方法发展的回顾、现状与展望,汽车发动机工程,2003,24(3):74～80
[12] 张保成,赵振峰,苏铁熊,柴油机错拐曲轴结构强度评估,华北工学院学报,2003,24(3):177～181
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[18] 尤小梅,马星国,发动机曲轴动力学仿真研究,沈阳工业学院学报,2004,32(4):4～7
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[20] 刘荣昌,2薛隆泉,马淑英,汤宏博,王庆祝,邓春岩,参数化曲轴三维整体模型与有限元分析系统的研究,农业工程学报,2004,20(6)
[21] 张保成,苏铁熊,董小瑞,发动机曲轴组CAD系统开发研究,华北工学院学报,2001,22(3):170～173
[22] 刘必荣,基于ANSYS的R175A柴油机曲轴应力分析,盐城工学院学报,2002,15(2): 12～16
[23] 刘必荣,基于ANSYS的小型柴油机曲轴应力分析,拖拉机与农用运输车,2004,6
[24] 俞亚新,俞小莉,严兆大,三维有限元法分析结构因素对曲轴弯曲强度的影响,《机械设计与制造》,2004,(4):26～28
[25] 徐波,陈国华,王晓瑜,一种对整体曲轴有限元分析模型的改进,小型汽车发动机与摩托车,2003,32(3)
[26] 沈晓雯,钱湘群,寇淑清,曲轴三维有限元分析,汽车工艺与材料,2001,(4),23～26
[27] 张保成,张林仙,苏铁熊,汽车发动机曲轴动态设计技术研究,现代车用动力,2004,(3):28～32
[28] 范小虎,李爱军,王明武,曲轴三维有限元模型节点载荷信息的计算机辅助生成,上海交通大学学报,2000,34(9):286～289
[29] 苏铁熊,张保成,赵冬青,赵振峰,车用柴油机曲轴结构有限元分析,柴油机设计与制造,2002,(2)
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[2] 韩松涛,郝志勇,6102B型柴油机曲轴三维有限元模态分析与试验研究,农业机械学报,2001,34(4)
[3] 禹敏,曾利权,龚金科,6105Q柴油机曲轴弯曲强度有限元分析,湖南大学学报,1998,25(4)
[4] 王益民,郁其祥,崔毅,8300柴油机曲轴的三维有限元计算分析,《柴油机·Diesel Engine》,2004,1
[5] 周自斌,高军,CZC492/1000型发动机曲轴的三维有限元分析,河南职技师院学报,2000,28(2):36～39
[6] 蒲明辉,黄世伟,G170柴油机曲轴有限元分析,广西大学学报,2000,25(2)
[7] 江冰,李俊仙,G495发动机曲轴应力的有限元分析,三西机械,2003,(2):24～27
[8] 王欣,N485柴油机曲轴的静强度有限元分析,汽车发动机,2001,(5):5～9
[9] 沈晓雯,钱湘群,不同材料对五缸增压柴油机曲轴强度影响的预测,《起重运输机械》,2003(10)
[10] 董小瑞,苏铁熊,王和平,不同结构曲轴的疲劳强度分析,车用发动机,2002,(3):29～31
[11] 丁培杰,吴昌华,柴油机曲轴计算方法发展的回顾、现状与展望,汽车发动机工程,2003,24(3):74～80
[12] 张保成,赵振峰,苏铁熊,柴油机错拐曲轴结构强度评估,华北工学院学报,2003,24(3):177～181
[13] 冯国胜,张幽彤,张玉申,柴油机曲轴静动特性的三维有限元分析,汽车发动机工程,2003,24(2):74～78
[14] 薛远,蓝军,张殿昌,柴油机曲轴应力状态的计算与分析,天津大学学报,1998,31(6)
[15] 丁彦闯,牛天兰,吴昌华,柴油机曲轴整体三维应力精细分析,汽车发动机工程,1999,(4)
[16] 张保成,赵振峰,苏铁熊,约束条件对错拐曲轴有限元分析的影响,汽车发动机工程,2004,25(1)
[17] 诸葛良,刘健,王明武,有限元后处理的一种动态可视化方法,机械设计与研究,2001,117(1)
[18] 尤小梅,马星国,发动机曲轴动力学仿真研究,沈阳工业学院学报,2004,32(4):4～7
[19] 薛隆泉,王玉秋,刘荣昌,张红军,王慧武,基于VC++和ANSYS接口的高效率曲轴有限元分析系统,重型机械,2004,(5):28～32
[20] 刘荣昌,2薛隆泉,马淑英,汤宏博,王庆祝,邓春岩,参数化曲轴三维整体模型与有限元分析系统的研究,农业工程学报,2004,20(6)
[21] 张保成,苏铁熊,董小瑞,发动机曲轴组CAD系统开发研究,华北工学院学报,2001,22(3):170～173
[22] 刘必荣,基于ANSYS的R175A柴油机曲轴应力分析,盐城工学院学报,2002,15(2): 12～16
[23] 刘必荣,基于ANSYS的小型柴油机曲轴应力分析,拖拉机与农用运输车,2004,6
[24] 俞亚新,俞小莉,严兆大,三维有限元法分析结构因素对曲轴弯曲强度的影响,《机械设计与制造》,2004,(4):26～28
[25] 徐波,陈国华,王晓瑜,一种对整体曲轴有限元分析模型的改进,小型汽车发动机与摩托车,2003,32(3)
[26] 沈晓雯,钱湘群,寇淑清,曲轴三维有限元分析,汽车工艺与材料,2001,(4),23～26
[27] 张保成,张林仙,苏铁熊,汽车发动机曲轴动态设计技术研究,现代车用动力,2004,(3):28～32
[28] 范小虎,李爱军,王明武,曲轴三维有限元模型节点载荷信息的计算机辅助生成,上海交通大学学报,2000,34(9):286～289
[29] 苏铁熊,张保成,赵冬青,赵振峰,车用柴油机曲轴结构有限元分析,柴油机设计与制造,2002,(2)
[30] 柴油机设计手册编辑委员会.柴油机设计手册(上册).北京:中国农业机械出版社.1984.555～572
[31] 陈国华.有限元法在汽车发动机工程中的应用.湖北:华中工学院出版社出版.1985.110～111
[32] 龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京:机械工业出版社.1～200
[33] 杨连生.汽车发动机设计.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1981.196～237
[34] 王腾蛟.新概念Visual C++6.0教程.北京:北京科海集团公司,2001.215～328
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