活塞接触复合变形模拟研究
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摘要
随着现代社会生产力的发展和科学技术的不断进步，内燃机的发展出现了向大功率、高转速和高可靠性方向发展的趋势，因此对内燃机的设计提出了新的更高的要求。特别是近年来，随着人们环护意识的增强，内燃机的振动、噪声以及有毒、有害气体的排放也越来越受到严格的限制。作为内燃机动力传递机构的活塞连杆机构，由于在周期性的工作循环中，承受着强大的气体作用力，往复惯性力、离心惯性力等的冲击，极易引起振动和噪音；同时由于运动副间隙的存在加大了振动的影响，恶化了机构的动态性能。因此对内燃机活塞、连杆机构的运动弹性动力分析具有十分重要的现实意义。
本课题基于现代机械弹性动力学理论以及有限元分析方法，利用美国SDRC公司的Ⅰ-DEAS软件，对含运动副间隙的柴油机的活塞、连杆机构建立了动力学模型；运用KED分析中的“瞬时结构”假定，计算出了机构在各瞬时结构条件下的动态响应，从而为柴油机优化设计提供了可靠的理论依据。活塞裙部形线是活塞的关键结构之一，它的好坏直接影响发动机工作可靠性，以往的判定方法只有在活塞加工完成后，才能通过实验方法判定设计，能否满足工程实际的需要，本文通过KED方法与有限元接触方法的结合，模拟实际活塞工作情况，较为准确的反映出，活塞裙部的变形规律，在设计阶段发现活塞裙部的设计结构问题，节省新产品开发成本，缩短开发周期。本文的工程实践证明，这种思路，是可行的，对LR4100活塞的模拟分析，与实际情况基本相符。本方法具有工程实用价值。通过实践得出如下结论：
1．本课题采用有限元技术，在装配环境中实现模拟了对活塞形线进行评价，利用计算机与接触力学相结合，探索了一条活塞形线确定与评价的新方法。
2．本文采用实体建模，建立了多种真实活塞形状与形线，结合现有的实验和实际使用结果，归纳出了活塞形线的评定方法，大大降低了活塞的开发费用，缩短了定型周期，具有一定的经济效益和社会效益。
Accompanying with the development of productive force in modern society and the improvement of science and technology, a trend of high power, high velocity and reliability appears in the field of Internal combustion engine, so the design of internal combustion engine is facing the new challenge. In recent years, with the strengthening of the people's concept in environment protection, the vibration, noise and the emission of exhausted gases are restricted more and more seriously. Piston-linkage mechanism ,as the mechanism to transfer the power of engine, bearing the heavy gas-explosive force, inertial force etc, is easy to arise vibration and noise. Besides, the joint clearance in mechanism could also irritate the vibration and worsen the dynamic properties of mechanism. So the kineto-elasto-dynamic analysis to the piston-linkage mechanism of internal combustion engine has obvious realistic significance.
This thesis, on the basis of modern theories of vibration, KED analysis and finite element method, sets up a kinetic model of piston-linkage mechanism of diesel engine, by I-DEAS software of SDRC USA, which involves the effect of joint clearance in mechanism. By the presumption of "transient structure" in KED analysis, the mechanism' s dynamic responses in every transient structure conditions are calculated, and it provides a reliable theory basis for the optimization design of diesel engine.
The form of piston skirt is the key structure for piston. It directly affects the engine's working reliability whether it's good or not. According to the past method , piston can only be decided whether it meets the need of engineering in test after it has been turn out .This paper simulates the real working condition of piston by combining the KED method and FE-contact analysis way .It reflects deforming rule of piston ,and makes it possible that the structure problem of piston skirt can only be found during the design period ,so the cost of developing new product is lowered and the time is shorted .This paper proves that the thought is practical and the result of simulation to piston LR4100 is in accord with practice. Above all , this method has practical value in engineering . and the following condition can be made from practicing.
1. This paper realizes the evaluation of piston skirt form in condition of assembly by the way of finite element technology. IT combines the computer technic with contact mechanics and discovers a new way to evaluate the piston form .
2. This paper sets up a solid model with multiple real piston skirt form. It sums up a evaluating way to piston form by testing result. For the piston developing cost and time is largely lowered, it has obvious efficiency both in economy and society.
本课题基于现代机械弹性动力学理论以及有限元分析方法，利用美国SDRC公司的Ⅰ-DEAS软件，对含运动副间隙的柴油机的活塞、连杆机构建立了动力学模型；运用KED分析中的“瞬时结构”假定，计算出了机构在各瞬时结构条件下的动态响应，从而为柴油机优化设计提供了可靠的理论依据。活塞裙部形线是活塞的关键结构之一，它的好坏直接影响发动机工作可靠性，以往的判定方法只有在活塞加工完成后，才能通过实验方法判定设计，能否满足工程实际的需要，本文通过KED方法与有限元接触方法的结合，模拟实际活塞工作情况，较为准确的反映出，活塞裙部的变形规律，在设计阶段发现活塞裙部的设计结构问题，节省新产品开发成本，缩短开发周期。本文的工程实践证明，这种思路，是可行的，对LR4100活塞的模拟分析，与实际情况基本相符。本方法具有工程实用价值。通过实践得出如下结论：
1．本课题采用有限元技术，在装配环境中实现模拟了对活塞形线进行评价，利用计算机与接触力学相结合，探索了一条活塞形线确定与评价的新方法。
2．本文采用实体建模，建立了多种真实活塞形状与形线，结合现有的实验和实际使用结果，归纳出了活塞形线的评定方法，大大降低了活塞的开发费用，缩短了定型周期，具有一定的经济效益和社会效益。
Accompanying with the development of productive force in modern society and the improvement of science and technology, a trend of high power, high velocity and reliability appears in the field of Internal combustion engine, so the design of internal combustion engine is facing the new challenge. In recent years, with the strengthening of the people's concept in environment protection, the vibration, noise and the emission of exhausted gases are restricted more and more seriously. Piston-linkage mechanism ,as the mechanism to transfer the power of engine, bearing the heavy gas-explosive force, inertial force etc, is easy to arise vibration and noise. Besides, the joint clearance in mechanism could also irritate the vibration and worsen the dynamic properties of mechanism. So the kineto-elasto-dynamic analysis to the piston-linkage mechanism of internal combustion engine has obvious realistic significance.
This thesis, on the basis of modern theories of vibration, KED analysis and finite element method, sets up a kinetic model of piston-linkage mechanism of diesel engine, by I-DEAS software of SDRC USA, which involves the effect of joint clearance in mechanism. By the presumption of "transient structure" in KED analysis, the mechanism' s dynamic responses in every transient structure conditions are calculated, and it provides a reliable theory basis for the optimization design of diesel engine.
The form of piston skirt is the key structure for piston. It directly affects the engine's working reliability whether it's good or not. According to the past method , piston can only be decided whether it meets the need of engineering in test after it has been turn out .This paper simulates the real working condition of piston by combining the KED method and FE-contact analysis way .It reflects deforming rule of piston ,and makes it possible that the structure problem of piston skirt can only be found during the design period ,so the cost of developing new product is lowered and the time is shorted .This paper proves that the thought is practical and the result of simulation to piston LR4100 is in accord with practice. Above all , this method has practical value in engineering . and the following condition can be made from practicing.
1. This paper realizes the evaluation of piston skirt form in condition of assembly by the way of finite element technology. IT combines the computer technic with contact mechanics and discovers a new way to evaluate the piston form .
2. This paper sets up a solid model with multiple real piston skirt form. It sums up a evaluating way to piston form by testing result. For the piston developing cost and time is largely lowered, it has obvious efficiency both in economy and society.
引文
[1]王明华主编《内燃机节能手册》，化学工业出版社，1987
[2]柴油机设计手册编辑委员会《柴油机设计手册》，中国农业出版社，1984
[3]王守信主编《有限元法教程》，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1994
[4]赵汝嘉主编《CAD基础理论及应用》，西安交通大学出版社，1995
[5]SDRC公司出版《I-DEAS STUDENTGUIDE》
[6]方新编译《I-DEAS产品三维设计指南》，机械工业出版社，2001
[7]西安交通大学《内燃机原理》
[8]杨连生主编《内燃机设计》，中国农业机械出版社，1981
[9]许焕然，倪行达，王裴《工程中有限元法》，吉林工业大学，1985
[10]陈继平，李文科《现代设计方法》，华中理工大学出版社，1997
[11]廖日东，左正兴，樊利霞，邹文胜《发动机零部件有限元技术应用的新进展》，《内燃机学报》，1999年第2期
[12]李健康《发动机缸体离散数学模型的研究》，《内燃机学报》2000年第2期
[13]徐凌，王德海《利用动态模拟技术对机体改进设计的研究》，《内燃机工程》1998年第1期
[14]Liu Jiansheng,Shu Gequan,Shang Xiujing 《Development and Application of Comprehension Optimum Program on Cycle Modeling and Valve System for Internal Combustion Engines》, 《Transitions of Tianjin University》 ,Vol.6,No.1,May 2000
[15]Yan Zhaoda,Liu Zhentao,Rui Yang,Chen Jie,Yu Xiaoli 《Simulation of In-cylinder Radiative Heat Transfer of Diesel Engine with Monter-Carlo Method》,《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》2000,Vol.l,No.3
[16]Zuo Zhengxing, Feng Huihua,Liao Ridong ,Zou Wensheng 《Application of Computer Aided Modeling Techniques to Complex ICE Components》《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》2000,Vol.9,No.4
[17]Frncis Pahng,Nicola Senin,David Wallace 《Distribution Modeling and Evaluation of Product Design Problems》《Computer-aided Design》1998,6(30)
[18]WEISS U, 《Interaction between Design and Analysis(c)》Stuttgart:Daimler Chrysler AG-1999
[19]Zhang Li,Zhang Heng, Pan Tiejun《Numerical Calculation and Test Reaserch on the Stress Fielda of Composite Engine Blocks(J)》《Autombile Technology》1998(6):21-23
[20]Qin Wenjie,Zuo Zhengxing《Multibody System Dynamics Analysis for Valve Trains《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》2000,Vol.9,No.4
[21]He Yong,Bao Yidan 《Study on the Relationship between Adjustable Operational Parameters and Noise of Single-cylinder Diesel Engine》《Journal of Zhejiang University(Science)》2001,Vol.2,No.2
[22]叶尚辉《建立有限元的一般方法》《电子机械工程》1999年第6期
[23]李文贵，陈大荣 《SL2105A型柴油机的设计研制》《柴油机》1999年第3期
[24]沈捷，单松芳，邱瑞兴，许斯都《YC6108Q型柴油机的开发研制》《内燃机工程》1999年第1期
[25]王希珍，周军，刘一鸣《195柴油机气缸套温度场的三维有限元分析》《合肥工业大学学报》2000年第3朋
[26]尹建民《X6135柴油机曲轴强度的三维有限元研究(J)》《内燃机工程》1997年第2期
[27]刘德海，孙德林，钱程《ZH1105柴油机齿轮室盖有限元模态分析(J)》《洛阳工学院学报》2000年第3期
[28]徐兀《汽车发动机现代设计》人民交通出版社，1995
[29]He Yong 《Analysis and Improvement of Working Condition of S195 Type Diesel Engine in Use》《Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Mechinery》1995 03
[30]Shen Jisheng, Yah Zhaoda, Chen Hongyan《Prospect and Reserch Process on Radiative Heat Transfer Model in Cylinder of Diesel Engine》CICEE 134(1)1999
[31]王义亮，戴旭东，谢友柏《多缸内燃机机体自由模态分析》《西安交通大学学报》2001年第5期
[32]崔志琴，张红兵，李小雷，张翼，苏铁熊《军用柴油机机体的自由模态分析》《华北工学院学报》1999年第2期
[33]张红兵，杜建红《有限元模型中螺栓载荷施加方法的研究》《机械设计与制造》1999年第6期
[34]杜平安《有限元网格划分的基本原则》《机械设计与制造》2000年第1期
[35]左正兴，蔡坪，陈云彪《6135柴油机机体刚度和模态的有限元分析》《内燃机工程》1999年第2期
[36]孙德林，杜发荣，卫尧《MWM395柴油机机体模态分析》《洛阳工学院学报》2001年第2期
[2]柴油机设计手册编辑委员会《柴油机设计手册》，中国农业出版社，1984
[3]王守信主编《有限元法教程》，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1994
[4]赵汝嘉主编《CAD基础理论及应用》，西安交通大学出版社，1995
[5]SDRC公司出版《I-DEAS STUDENTGUIDE》
[6]方新编译《I-DEAS产品三维设计指南》，机械工业出版社，2001
[7]西安交通大学《内燃机原理》
[8]杨连生主编《内燃机设计》，中国农业机械出版社，1981
[9]许焕然，倪行达，王裴《工程中有限元法》，吉林工业大学，1985
[10]陈继平，李文科《现代设计方法》，华中理工大学出版社，1997
[11]廖日东，左正兴，樊利霞，邹文胜《发动机零部件有限元技术应用的新进展》，《内燃机学报》，1999年第2期
[12]李健康《发动机缸体离散数学模型的研究》，《内燃机学报》2000年第2期
[13]徐凌，王德海《利用动态模拟技术对机体改进设计的研究》，《内燃机工程》1998年第1期
[14]Liu Jiansheng,Shu Gequan,Shang Xiujing 《Development and Application of Comprehension Optimum Program on Cycle Modeling and Valve System for Internal Combustion Engines》, 《Transitions of Tianjin University》 ,Vol.6,No.1,May 2000
[15]Yan Zhaoda,Liu Zhentao,Rui Yang,Chen Jie,Yu Xiaoli 《Simulation of In-cylinder Radiative Heat Transfer of Diesel Engine with Monter-Carlo Method》,《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》2000,Vol.l,No.3
[16]Zuo Zhengxing, Feng Huihua,Liao Ridong ,Zou Wensheng 《Application of Computer Aided Modeling Techniques to Complex ICE Components》《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》2000,Vol.9,No.4
[17]Frncis Pahng,Nicola Senin,David Wallace 《Distribution Modeling and Evaluation of Product Design Problems》《Computer-aided Design》1998,6(30)
[18]WEISS U, 《Interaction between Design and Analysis(c)》Stuttgart:Daimler Chrysler AG-1999
[19]Zhang Li,Zhang Heng, Pan Tiejun《Numerical Calculation and Test Reaserch on the Stress Fielda of Composite Engine Blocks(J)》《Autombile Technology》1998(6):21-23
[20]Qin Wenjie,Zuo Zhengxing《Multibody System Dynamics Analysis for Valve Trains《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》2000,Vol.9,No.4
[21]He Yong,Bao Yidan 《Study on the Relationship between Adjustable Operational Parameters and Noise of Single-cylinder Diesel Engine》《Journal of Zhejiang University(Science)》2001,Vol.2,No.2
[22]叶尚辉《建立有限元的一般方法》《电子机械工程》1999年第6期
[23]李文贵，陈大荣 《SL2105A型柴油机的设计研制》《柴油机》1999年第3期
[24]沈捷，单松芳，邱瑞兴，许斯都《YC6108Q型柴油机的开发研制》《内燃机工程》1999年第1期
[25]王希珍，周军，刘一鸣《195柴油机气缸套温度场的三维有限元分析》《合肥工业大学学报》2000年第3朋
[26]尹建民《X6135柴油机曲轴强度的三维有限元研究(J)》《内燃机工程》1997年第2期
[27]刘德海，孙德林，钱程《ZH1105柴油机齿轮室盖有限元模态分析(J)》《洛阳工学院学报》2000年第3期
[28]徐兀《汽车发动机现代设计》人民交通出版社，1995
[29]He Yong 《Analysis and Improvement of Working Condition of S195 Type Diesel Engine in Use》《Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Mechinery》1995 03
[30]Shen Jisheng, Yah Zhaoda, Chen Hongyan《Prospect and Reserch Process on Radiative Heat Transfer Model in Cylinder of Diesel Engine》CICEE 134(1)1999
[31]王义亮，戴旭东，谢友柏《多缸内燃机机体自由模态分析》《西安交通大学学报》2001年第5期
[32]崔志琴，张红兵，李小雷，张翼，苏铁熊《军用柴油机机体的自由模态分析》《华北工学院学报》1999年第2期
[33]张红兵，杜建红《有限元模型中螺栓载荷施加方法的研究》《机械设计与制造》1999年第6期
[34]杜平安《有限元网格划分的基本原则》《机械设计与制造》2000年第1期
[35]左正兴，蔡坪，陈云彪《6135柴油机机体刚度和模态的有限元分析》《内燃机工程》1999年第2期
[36]孙德林，杜发荣，卫尧《MWM395柴油机机体模态分析》《洛阳工学院学报》2001年第2期