木材蒸煮废水的处理工艺研究
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摘要
木材蒸煮废水污染严重,但研究较少。本文考察了蒸煮工艺参数的改变对废水水质的影响,并且在试验室规模下使用混凝-UASB-SBR组合工艺处理该废水并达标排放。
首先从清洁生产的角度,通过改变蒸煮工艺参数,考察了碱度、材质、温度、时间对废水水质的影响。其中碱度是最主要的影响因素。
其次使用蒸煮原液直接进行好氧及厌氧处理,试验失败。这是由于原液中含有大量的木质素,而木质素是难降解物质,致使污泥中积累木质素,使长期运行试验失败。
最后作者选择混凝-UASB-SBR组合工艺对该废水进行处理。该工艺组成均为国内外成熟的废水处理工艺。试验结果表明:最佳混凝剂为三氯化铁,助凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺;混凝处理结果为COD_(Cr)去除率53%,木质素去除率71%,B/C由处理前的0.24升至处理后的0.41,可生化性提高。常温下使用UASB反应器处理混凝出水时,容积负荷为4.3kgCOD/m~3·d,出水COD_(Cr)浓度在370～680mg/L之间,BOD_5在170～306mg/L之间,pH值为7.0～8.2。后续SBR处理工艺容积负荷为2.4 kgCOD/m～3·d,出水COD_(Cr)保持在70mg/L以下,BOD_5保持在10mg/L以下,出水水质达标。
结果表明,混凝-UASB-SBR组合工艺处理实验室模拟木材蒸煮废水是一种经济、实用可行的途径。
The performances of laboratory simulation wood cooking wastewater in biochemical treatment and treatment methodology of this wastewater were studied for solving the question of engineering project in fact.
The processing effect was not very ideal when the original solution of the wood cooking wastewater was to be treated biologically under aerobic and anaerobic conditions directly. Because the original solution of the wood cooking wastewater contains large amounts of lignin, and that lignin is difficult to degrade, rendering sludge accumulates lignin, causes the long-term operation defeat. Therefore, the original solution of the wood cooking wastewater is not to be suitable for biological treatment directly.
A three-step method, oagulate-UASB-SBR process, was used to deal with this wastewater. The result of oagulate treatment showed that the best coagulant was ferric chloride and the best coagulant aid was polyacrylamide, the removal rate of COD_(Cr) up to 53%, the removal rate of lignin up to 71%. B/C rose form 0.24 to 0.41. The performances of laboratory simulation wood cooking wastewater in biochemical treatment had changed for the better. Research on the processing effect of UASB reactor under the normal temperature is conducted, the capacity carries up to 4.3kgCOD/m~3·d, the effluent COD concentration stabilized between 370~680mg/L, the effluent BOD concentration stabilized between 170～306mg/L, pH is 7.0～8.2. Research on the processing effect of the next treatment methodology-SBR reactor is conducted, the capacity carries up to 2.4kgCOD/m～3·d, the effluent COD concentration stabilized under 70mg/L, the effluent BOD concentration stabilized under 10mg/L, the effluent water quality had lowered the National Standard Level of China.
In conclusion, the three-step method used to deal with the wood cooking wastewater , show it to be feasible in economy and technique.
首先从清洁生产的角度,通过改变蒸煮工艺参数,考察了碱度、材质、温度、时间对废水水质的影响。其中碱度是最主要的影响因素。
其次使用蒸煮原液直接进行好氧及厌氧处理,试验失败。这是由于原液中含有大量的木质素,而木质素是难降解物质,致使污泥中积累木质素,使长期运行试验失败。
最后作者选择混凝-UASB-SBR组合工艺对该废水进行处理。该工艺组成均为国内外成熟的废水处理工艺。试验结果表明:最佳混凝剂为三氯化铁,助凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺;混凝处理结果为COD_(Cr)去除率53%,木质素去除率71%,B/C由处理前的0.24升至处理后的0.41,可生化性提高。常温下使用UASB反应器处理混凝出水时,容积负荷为4.3kgCOD/m~3·d,出水COD_(Cr)浓度在370～680mg/L之间,BOD_5在170～306mg/L之间,pH值为7.0～8.2。后续SBR处理工艺容积负荷为2.4 kgCOD/m～3·d,出水COD_(Cr)保持在70mg/L以下,BOD_5保持在10mg/L以下,出水水质达标。
结果表明,混凝-UASB-SBR组合工艺处理实验室模拟木材蒸煮废水是一种经济、实用可行的途径。
The performances of laboratory simulation wood cooking wastewater in biochemical treatment and treatment methodology of this wastewater were studied for solving the question of engineering project in fact.
The processing effect was not very ideal when the original solution of the wood cooking wastewater was to be treated biologically under aerobic and anaerobic conditions directly. Because the original solution of the wood cooking wastewater contains large amounts of lignin, and that lignin is difficult to degrade, rendering sludge accumulates lignin, causes the long-term operation defeat. Therefore, the original solution of the wood cooking wastewater is not to be suitable for biological treatment directly.
A three-step method, oagulate-UASB-SBR process, was used to deal with this wastewater. The result of oagulate treatment showed that the best coagulant was ferric chloride and the best coagulant aid was polyacrylamide, the removal rate of COD_(Cr) up to 53%, the removal rate of lignin up to 71%. B/C rose form 0.24 to 0.41. The performances of laboratory simulation wood cooking wastewater in biochemical treatment had changed for the better. Research on the processing effect of UASB reactor under the normal temperature is conducted, the capacity carries up to 4.3kgCOD/m~3·d, the effluent COD concentration stabilized between 370~680mg/L, the effluent BOD concentration stabilized between 170～306mg/L, pH is 7.0～8.2. Research on the processing effect of the next treatment methodology-SBR reactor is conducted, the capacity carries up to 2.4kgCOD/m～3·d, the effluent COD concentration stabilized under 70mg/L, the effluent BOD concentration stabilized under 10mg/L, the effluent water quality had lowered the National Standard Level of China.
In conclusion, the three-step method used to deal with the wood cooking wastewater , show it to be feasible in economy and technique.
引文
[1] 蒋挺大.木质素[M].化学工业出版社,2001,1:1~2
[2] 贺延龄.废水的厌氧生物处理[M].中国轻工业出版社,1998,1:66~67
[3] Hulshoff Pol,L.W.Fundamentals of anaerobic digestion 5.in:1st Int.Course on Anaerobic and Low Cost Treatment of Wastes and Wastewaters. The Netherlands:IAC and WAU,1994
[4] Gijzen,H.J.Anaerobic Digestion of Cellulosic Waste by a Rumen Derived Bacteria ,Ph. D. Thesis. The Netherlands:Univ. of Nijmegen,1987
[5] Young,I. Y. and P. L. McCarty. Heat treatment of organic materials for increasing anaerobic biodegradability. in:L.W.Wise(ed.).Fuel Gas Production from Biomass.Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press,1981.134~176
[6] Weimer,P.J.and Y.C.T.Chou.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1986(52):733~736
[7] 郑大锋等.木质素的结构及其化学改性进展[J]. 精细化工, 2005, 22(4):249~252
[8] 孙剑辉等.SBR 法处理碱法草浆废水造纸废水和味精废水[J].中国给水排水, 2000, 16:10~12
[9] 杨卿等.草浆中段废水厌氧污泥的培养[J].中华纸业, 2005, 26(4):57~59
[10] 秦毅红,王云燕 ,舒余德.造纸黑液酸析法回收木质素[J]. 环境污染与防治, 1999, 4(21):5~7
[11] Rekune,Set al.Wat.Sei.Technol,1985,17:133~144
[1] 李凤亭等.混凝剂与絮凝剂[M]. 化学工业出版社, 2005, 9:3
[2] 严瑞. 水处理剂应用手册[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2000. 4(2):21~39.
[3] 傅平青等.混凝法处理造纸废水的实验研究[J]. 地质地球化学, 2003, 30(1):87~91
[4] R.艾克斯著. 混凝技术[M]. 北京:原子能出版社,1991
[5] 严煦世, 范瑾初. 给水工程[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1999:254
[6] 郑怀礼等.生物絮凝剂与絮凝技术[M].化学工业出版社,2004,1:37~40
[7] 国家环保局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会. 《水和废水监测分析方法》[M].中国环境科学出版社, 1989: 354~356
[8] 王正. 纤维板废水中溶解态木素的测定方法[J]. 林产工业, 1991, 1: 37~38
[9] 秦毅红, 王云燕, 舒余德. 造纸黑液酸析法回收木质素[J]. 环境污染与防治.1999,4(21):5~7
[10] 孙玉华, 王竹寒. 水处理中混凝剂的应用分析[J]. 江苏环境科技,1996,(3):45
[11] 武书彬.造纸工业水污染控制与治理技术[M] .化学工业出版社,2001,190~191
[12] 蒋挺大. 木质素[M].化学工业出版社,2001,1:8~9
[1] 李亮. UASB-SBR 工艺处理城市生活污水的试验研究. 武汉大学, 硕士学位论文,2005,5
[2] 张自杰主编. 排水工程(下册)(第四版)[M]. 2000,6:589
[3] 吴婉娥等. 废水生物处理技术[M]. 2003,2:142~143
[4] 吕炳南. 污水生物处理新技术[M]. 2005,2:151~154
[5] 陈广元. 脉冲进液方式在 UASB 反应器中的应用[J]. 给水排水,2002,28(2):29~31
[6] 陆正禹等. UASB 反应器常温下处理啤酒废水的生产性启动研究[J].中国给水排水,1995,1 1(3):7
[7] Fang H H P , Lau1 W C.Start-up of thermophilic(55)UASB reactors using different mesophilic seed sludges Wat.Sei,Technol..1996,34(5~6):445
[8]金奇庭,彭党聪,郭凤伟.不同接种污泥对UASB反应器处理毒性有机废水的影响[J].中国给水排水,1994,10(3):8
[9] LepistoS S ,Fintala J A .Start-up and operation of laboratory sale thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blank reactor treating vegetable processing waste water. J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol..1997,6 8:331
[10] 贺延龄编著. 废水的厌氧生物处理[M].1998,1:47～48
[11] McCady.Determination of trace sulfide in turbid by gas dialysis/ion chromatography.Anal Chem,2000,60(3):216
[12] 杨卿等. 草浆中段废水厌氧污泥的培养[J]. 技术进步,2005,26(4):57~59
[1] K.L.Norcrosse tal .Sequencing batch reactor-An overview. Water Science and Technolegy, 1992, 26:9- 11, 2523~2526
[2] 沈耀良, 王宝贞. 废水生物处理新技术理论与应用[M].中国环境科学出版社, 2000,79
[3] 盛贻林, 王方园. SBR法处理中小规模城市污水[J]. 工业用水与废水, 2004,35(5):79~80
[4] 刘中平, 王建军. SBR工艺在中水处理工程中的应用[J]. 给水排水, 2004,30 (8):78~81
[5] 葛丽英, 李功振. 两级SBR工艺处理小城镇生活污水的试验研究[J]. 甘肃环境研究与监测, 2003, 16(1):9~11
[6] 陈永祥, 程晓如. SBR处理城市生活污水的试验研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2001, 6: 15~17
[7] 何全, 陈迎. SBR法处理城市生活污水的工艺实验研究[J]. 医药工程设计杂志, 2002, 23(1):43~45
[8] 苏振华等. SBR 法在制浆造纸废水处理中的应用与进展[J]. 国际造纸, 2005, 24(3): 57~61
[9] 崔延瑞等. 序批式活性污泥法处理碱法草浆造纸废水的研究[J]. 河南师范大学学报, 2003, 31(4): 61~64
[10] 李辉等. 用 SBR 法生物技术处理造纸废水[J]. 纸和造纸,2004,2:69~74
[11] 杨卿. SBR 处理草浆中段废水的研究[J]. 纸和造纸, 2005, 2:75~77
[12] 王正. 纤维板废水中溶解态木素的测定方法[J].林产工业,1991,1:37~3
[13] 金颖. SBR 法处理豆制品废水工艺条件的研究[J]. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2006, 7(2):116~120
[14] 刘杏. UASB+AF 复合厌氧工艺强化一级处理低浓度生活污水的试验研究.武汉科技大学,硕士学位论文,2002,1
[15] 李亮.UASB-SBR 工艺处理城市生活污水的试验研究.武汉大学,硕士学位论文,2005,5
[2] 贺延龄.废水的厌氧生物处理[M].中国轻工业出版社,1998,1:66~67
[3] Hulshoff Pol,L.W.Fundamentals of anaerobic digestion 5.in:1st Int.Course on Anaerobic and Low Cost Treatment of Wastes and Wastewaters. The Netherlands:IAC and WAU,1994
[4] Gijzen,H.J.Anaerobic Digestion of Cellulosic Waste by a Rumen Derived Bacteria ,Ph. D. Thesis. The Netherlands:Univ. of Nijmegen,1987
[5] Young,I. Y. and P. L. McCarty. Heat treatment of organic materials for increasing anaerobic biodegradability. in:L.W.Wise(ed.).Fuel Gas Production from Biomass.Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press,1981.134~176
[6] Weimer,P.J.and Y.C.T.Chou.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1986(52):733~736
[7] 郑大锋等.木质素的结构及其化学改性进展[J]. 精细化工, 2005, 22(4):249~252
[8] 孙剑辉等.SBR 法处理碱法草浆废水造纸废水和味精废水[J].中国给水排水, 2000, 16:10~12
[9] 杨卿等.草浆中段废水厌氧污泥的培养[J].中华纸业, 2005, 26(4):57~59
[10] 秦毅红,王云燕 ,舒余德.造纸黑液酸析法回收木质素[J]. 环境污染与防治, 1999, 4(21):5~7
[11] Rekune,Set al.Wat.Sei.Technol,1985,17:133~144
[1] 李凤亭等.混凝剂与絮凝剂[M]. 化学工业出版社, 2005, 9:3
[2] 严瑞. 水处理剂应用手册[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2000. 4(2):21~39.
[3] 傅平青等.混凝法处理造纸废水的实验研究[J]. 地质地球化学, 2003, 30(1):87~91
[4] R.艾克斯著. 混凝技术[M]. 北京:原子能出版社,1991
[5] 严煦世, 范瑾初. 给水工程[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1999:254
[6] 郑怀礼等.生物絮凝剂与絮凝技术[M].化学工业出版社,2004,1:37~40
[7] 国家环保局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会. 《水和废水监测分析方法》[M].中国环境科学出版社, 1989: 354~356
[8] 王正. 纤维板废水中溶解态木素的测定方法[J]. 林产工业, 1991, 1: 37~38
[9] 秦毅红, 王云燕, 舒余德. 造纸黑液酸析法回收木质素[J]. 环境污染与防治.1999,4(21):5~7
[10] 孙玉华, 王竹寒. 水处理中混凝剂的应用分析[J]. 江苏环境科技,1996,(3):45
[11] 武书彬.造纸工业水污染控制与治理技术[M] .化学工业出版社,2001,190~191
[12] 蒋挺大. 木质素[M].化学工业出版社,2001,1:8~9
[1] 李亮. UASB-SBR 工艺处理城市生活污水的试验研究. 武汉大学, 硕士学位论文,2005,5
[2] 张自杰主编. 排水工程(下册)(第四版)[M]. 2000,6:589
[3] 吴婉娥等. 废水生物处理技术[M]. 2003,2:142~143
[4] 吕炳南. 污水生物处理新技术[M]. 2005,2:151~154
[5] 陈广元. 脉冲进液方式在 UASB 反应器中的应用[J]. 给水排水,2002,28(2):29~31
[6] 陆正禹等. UASB 反应器常温下处理啤酒废水的生产性启动研究[J].中国给水排水,1995,1 1(3):7
[7] Fang H H P , Lau1 W C.Start-up of thermophilic(55)UASB reactors using different mesophilic seed sludges Wat.Sei,Technol..1996,34(5~6):445
[8]金奇庭,彭党聪,郭凤伟.不同接种污泥对UASB反应器处理毒性有机废水的影响[J].中国给水排水,1994,10(3):8
[9] LepistoS S ,Fintala J A .Start-up and operation of laboratory sale thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blank reactor treating vegetable processing waste water. J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol..1997,6 8:331
[10] 贺延龄编著. 废水的厌氧生物处理[M].1998,1:47～48
[11] McCady.Determination of trace sulfide in turbid by gas dialysis/ion chromatography.Anal Chem,2000,60(3):216
[12] 杨卿等. 草浆中段废水厌氧污泥的培养[J]. 技术进步,2005,26(4):57~59
[1] K.L.Norcrosse tal .Sequencing batch reactor-An overview. Water Science and Technolegy, 1992, 26:9- 11, 2523~2526
[2] 沈耀良, 王宝贞. 废水生物处理新技术理论与应用[M].中国环境科学出版社, 2000,79
[3] 盛贻林, 王方园. SBR法处理中小规模城市污水[J]. 工业用水与废水, 2004,35(5):79~80
[4] 刘中平, 王建军. SBR工艺在中水处理工程中的应用[J]. 给水排水, 2004,30 (8):78~81
[5] 葛丽英, 李功振. 两级SBR工艺处理小城镇生活污水的试验研究[J]. 甘肃环境研究与监测, 2003, 16(1):9~11
[6] 陈永祥, 程晓如. SBR处理城市生活污水的试验研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2001, 6: 15~17
[7] 何全, 陈迎. SBR法处理城市生活污水的工艺实验研究[J]. 医药工程设计杂志, 2002, 23(1):43~45
[8] 苏振华等. SBR 法在制浆造纸废水处理中的应用与进展[J]. 国际造纸, 2005, 24(3): 57~61
[9] 崔延瑞等. 序批式活性污泥法处理碱法草浆造纸废水的研究[J]. 河南师范大学学报, 2003, 31(4): 61~64
[10] 李辉等. 用 SBR 法生物技术处理造纸废水[J]. 纸和造纸,2004,2:69~74
[11] 杨卿. SBR 处理草浆中段废水的研究[J]. 纸和造纸, 2005, 2:75~77
[12] 王正. 纤维板废水中溶解态木素的测定方法[J].林产工业,1991,1:37~3
[13] 金颖. SBR 法处理豆制品废水工艺条件的研究[J]. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2006, 7(2):116~120
[14] 刘杏. UASB+AF 复合厌氧工艺强化一级处理低浓度生活污水的试验研究.武汉科技大学,硕士学位论文,2002,1
[15] 李亮.UASB-SBR 工艺处理城市生活污水的试验研究.武汉大学,硕士学位论文,2005,5