摘要
根据韩礼德的系统功能语言学,语言的元功能是语言的核心,它由概念功能,人际功能和语篇功能组成。交际者通过人际元功能建立和维持人际关系,在交流中表达判断或评价,从而对他人行为实现影响。20世纪90年代以来,由马丁创立发展的评价理论是系统功能语言学的扩展,是研究人际功能实现的一个重要理组成部分。这一理论关注的是文本/说话者表达,协商人际意义并体现意识形态的语言资源。
翻译作为一种跨文化的语际交流,是反映了原作者,翻译者以及读者之间人际意义实现的一个动态过程。评价系统为研究者提供了对语言如何进行评价以及如何建构人际关系进行研究的模式。在马丁的评价理论框架下,本论文对艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》中人物约瑟夫的评价资源进行了详细分析,试图通过分析揭示原作者塑造这一艺术形象的的创作意图以及在翻译过程中的评价意义缺失现象,对翻译研究有所启示。
本研究表明评价资源被小说作者广泛用于态度的协商。小说中人物的评价意义可由词汇,语法,句法层面以明示或暗含的方式表达。评价理论不仅是话语分析的得力工具,也可以有效地应用于翻译评估。它为文学文本中人际意义的翻译评估提供了新的参数,使源语文本与目标文本间有关态度协商的对比成为可能。分析表明,评价不仅是作者在文本中实施的某一具体过程,它更具有韵律性的特征,遍布全篇。准确地传达文本的人际意义需要宏观和微观两方面的探究。在翻译过程中,译者常常把重心放在语篇意义和概念意义的传达之上而忽略了文本风格建构的重要部分和作者用来联盟读者的重要方式一文本的人际功能。从某种程度上来说,翻译中评价意义的缺失是令人遗憾的。因此,对评价意义的精确把握对翻译研究有重要意义。
According to M.A.K.Halliday,three meta-functions are of the core of language: Ideational,interpersonal and textual.Among these,the interpersonal is the function by which communicators can establish and maintain interpersonal relationships, influence the behaviors of others,and express their judgments or evaluations when they communicate.As an important part of interpersonal realization,Appraisal System, formulated by J.R.Martin in 1990's as an extension of Systemic Functional Linguistics,is concerned with the linguistic resources by which texts/speakers express, negotiate and naturalize particular inter-subjective and finally ideological positions.
Translation,as an inter-lingual and intercultural communication,reflects a dynamic process in which the interpersonal relationships of the author,the translator, and the readers are interwoven.Appraisal system provides researchers a model to explore the way language is used to make evaluations,to adopt stances,and construct interpersonal relationships.Built up within the framework of Martin's Appraisal system,this thesis conducts a detailed analysis of some language materials concerning the evaluation of the character,Joseph,taken from the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bront(?),and tries to reveal the writer's intention through appraisal resources, the phenomenon of the loss of appraisal meanings in the translation process and also tries to give some suggestions to literary translation.
Through this study,it is found that Appraisal resources are widely employed by the novel writer in negotiating attitudes.The evaluative meanings of the character in the novel can be conveyed at lexical,grammatical and clausal levels either explicitly or implicitly.Appraisal theory is not only a useful tool of discourse analysis but also an effective tool that can be applied in the assessment of literary translation.It provides a comparatively new view of parameters involved in the assessment of interpersonal translation in literal text,which enables a comparison of attitudinal negotiation between the source text and the target text.According to the analysis in the thesis,evaluation is not only a concrete procedure the author undergos in the text, but also a prosodic character,which is spread over the whole text.A good command of conveying the interpersonal meaning of a text requires both a micro study and a macro overview.During the translation process,translators often lay emphasis on the textual and ideational conveyance but neglect the interpersonal function of a text, which is an important part of the construction of the text's style and a basic way to align readers.To some extent,the loss of appraisal meanings in translation is pitiful. Thus,an exact command of appraisal is significant for translation study.
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