小说《呼啸山庄》中约瑟夫评价成分的翻译
|
摘要
根据韩礼德的系统功能语言学,语言的元功能是语言的核心,它由概念功能,人际功能和语篇功能组成。交际者通过人际元功能建立和维持人际关系,在交流中表达判断或评价,从而对他人行为实现影响。20世纪90年代以来,由马丁创立发展的评价理论是系统功能语言学的扩展,是研究人际功能实现的一个重要理组成部分。这一理论关注的是文本/说话者表达,协商人际意义并体现意识形态的语言资源。
翻译作为一种跨文化的语际交流,是反映了原作者,翻译者以及读者之间人际意义实现的一个动态过程。评价系统为研究者提供了对语言如何进行评价以及如何建构人际关系进行研究的模式。在马丁的评价理论框架下,本论文对艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》中人物约瑟夫的评价资源进行了详细分析,试图通过分析揭示原作者塑造这一艺术形象的的创作意图以及在翻译过程中的评价意义缺失现象,对翻译研究有所启示。
本研究表明评价资源被小说作者广泛用于态度的协商。小说中人物的评价意义可由词汇,语法,句法层面以明示或暗含的方式表达。评价理论不仅是话语分析的得力工具,也可以有效地应用于翻译评估。它为文学文本中人际意义的翻译评估提供了新的参数,使源语文本与目标文本间有关态度协商的对比成为可能。分析表明,评价不仅是作者在文本中实施的某一具体过程,它更具有韵律性的特征,遍布全篇。准确地传达文本的人际意义需要宏观和微观两方面的探究。在翻译过程中,译者常常把重心放在语篇意义和概念意义的传达之上而忽略了文本风格建构的重要部分和作者用来联盟读者的重要方式一文本的人际功能。从某种程度上来说,翻译中评价意义的缺失是令人遗憾的。因此,对评价意义的精确把握对翻译研究有重要意义。
According to M.A.K.Halliday,three meta-functions are of the core of language: Ideational,interpersonal and textual.Among these,the interpersonal is the function by which communicators can establish and maintain interpersonal relationships, influence the behaviors of others,and express their judgments or evaluations when they communicate.As an important part of interpersonal realization,Appraisal System, formulated by J.R.Martin in 1990's as an extension of Systemic Functional Linguistics,is concerned with the linguistic resources by which texts/speakers express, negotiate and naturalize particular inter-subjective and finally ideological positions.
Translation,as an inter-lingual and intercultural communication,reflects a dynamic process in which the interpersonal relationships of the author,the translator, and the readers are interwoven.Appraisal system provides researchers a model to explore the way language is used to make evaluations,to adopt stances,and construct interpersonal relationships.Built up within the framework of Martin's Appraisal system,this thesis conducts a detailed analysis of some language materials concerning the evaluation of the character,Joseph,taken from the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bront(?),and tries to reveal the writer's intention through appraisal resources, the phenomenon of the loss of appraisal meanings in the translation process and also tries to give some suggestions to literary translation.
Through this study,it is found that Appraisal resources are widely employed by the novel writer in negotiating attitudes.The evaluative meanings of the character in the novel can be conveyed at lexical,grammatical and clausal levels either explicitly or implicitly.Appraisal theory is not only a useful tool of discourse analysis but also an effective tool that can be applied in the assessment of literary translation.It provides a comparatively new view of parameters involved in the assessment of interpersonal translation in literal text,which enables a comparison of attitudinal negotiation between the source text and the target text.According to the analysis in the thesis,evaluation is not only a concrete procedure the author undergos in the text, but also a prosodic character,which is spread over the whole text.A good command of conveying the interpersonal meaning of a text requires both a micro study and a macro overview.During the translation process,translators often lay emphasis on the textual and ideational conveyance but neglect the interpersonal function of a text, which is an important part of the construction of the text's style and a basic way to align readers.To some extent,the loss of appraisal meanings in translation is pitiful. Thus,an exact command of appraisal is significant for translation study.
翻译作为一种跨文化的语际交流,是反映了原作者,翻译者以及读者之间人际意义实现的一个动态过程。评价系统为研究者提供了对语言如何进行评价以及如何建构人际关系进行研究的模式。在马丁的评价理论框架下,本论文对艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》中人物约瑟夫的评价资源进行了详细分析,试图通过分析揭示原作者塑造这一艺术形象的的创作意图以及在翻译过程中的评价意义缺失现象,对翻译研究有所启示。
本研究表明评价资源被小说作者广泛用于态度的协商。小说中人物的评价意义可由词汇,语法,句法层面以明示或暗含的方式表达。评价理论不仅是话语分析的得力工具,也可以有效地应用于翻译评估。它为文学文本中人际意义的翻译评估提供了新的参数,使源语文本与目标文本间有关态度协商的对比成为可能。分析表明,评价不仅是作者在文本中实施的某一具体过程,它更具有韵律性的特征,遍布全篇。准确地传达文本的人际意义需要宏观和微观两方面的探究。在翻译过程中,译者常常把重心放在语篇意义和概念意义的传达之上而忽略了文本风格建构的重要部分和作者用来联盟读者的重要方式一文本的人际功能。从某种程度上来说,翻译中评价意义的缺失是令人遗憾的。因此,对评价意义的精确把握对翻译研究有重要意义。
According to M.A.K.Halliday,three meta-functions are of the core of language: Ideational,interpersonal and textual.Among these,the interpersonal is the function by which communicators can establish and maintain interpersonal relationships, influence the behaviors of others,and express their judgments or evaluations when they communicate.As an important part of interpersonal realization,Appraisal System, formulated by J.R.Martin in 1990's as an extension of Systemic Functional Linguistics,is concerned with the linguistic resources by which texts/speakers express, negotiate and naturalize particular inter-subjective and finally ideological positions.
Translation,as an inter-lingual and intercultural communication,reflects a dynamic process in which the interpersonal relationships of the author,the translator, and the readers are interwoven.Appraisal system provides researchers a model to explore the way language is used to make evaluations,to adopt stances,and construct interpersonal relationships.Built up within the framework of Martin's Appraisal system,this thesis conducts a detailed analysis of some language materials concerning the evaluation of the character,Joseph,taken from the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bront(?),and tries to reveal the writer's intention through appraisal resources, the phenomenon of the loss of appraisal meanings in the translation process and also tries to give some suggestions to literary translation.
Through this study,it is found that Appraisal resources are widely employed by the novel writer in negotiating attitudes.The evaluative meanings of the character in the novel can be conveyed at lexical,grammatical and clausal levels either explicitly or implicitly.Appraisal theory is not only a useful tool of discourse analysis but also an effective tool that can be applied in the assessment of literary translation.It provides a comparatively new view of parameters involved in the assessment of interpersonal translation in literal text,which enables a comparison of attitudinal negotiation between the source text and the target text.According to the analysis in the thesis,evaluation is not only a concrete procedure the author undergos in the text, but also a prosodic character,which is spread over the whole text.A good command of conveying the interpersonal meaning of a text requires both a micro study and a macro overview.During the translation process,translators often lay emphasis on the textual and ideational conveyance but neglect the interpersonal function of a text, which is an important part of the construction of the text's style and a basic way to align readers.To some extent,the loss of appraisal meanings in translation is pitiful. Thus,an exact command of appraisal is significant for translation study.
引文
Baker,Mona.In Other Words:A Coursebook on Translation[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,1992/2000
Bront(?),Emily.Wuthering Heights.[M].上海:上海世界图书出版公司,2003
Bront(?),Emily.Wuthering Heights.呼啸山庄.杨苡译[M].南京:译林出版社,1990
Bront(?),Emily.Wuthering Heights.呼啸山庄.成维安译[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨出版社,2007
Catford,J.A Linguistic Theory of Translation[M].London:Oxford University Press,1965
Channell,J."Corpus-Based Analysis of Evaluative Lexis"[A].Evaluation in Text.Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.&Thompson,G..New York:Oxford University Press.2003
Cortazzi,M.& Jin,Lixian."Evaluating Evaluation in Narrative"[A].Evaluation in Text:Authorial and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.&Thompson,G..New York:Oxford University Press,2003
Cortazzi,M.& Jin,Lixian."Evaluating Evaluation Narrative"[A].Evaluation in Text:Authorial and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.& Thompson,G..New York:Oxford University Press.2003
Fan,Libin.[范立彬].从语法衔接角度比较研究呼啸山庄的三个中译本.东北师范大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2006
Fan,XInagtao.[范祥涛].从呼啸山庄的六种译本透视翻译研究和重译中的一些问题[J].山东师大外国语学院学报,2001(1)
Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Arnold,1985
Halliday,M.A.K.Language as Social Semiotic:the social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Edward Arnold Limited,2001
Haddington,P.Stance in News Interviews[J].SKY Journal of Linguistics(17),2004
Hatim,B.& Mason,I.Translator as Communicator[M].London:Routledge,1997
Hatim,B.& Mason,I.Discourse and Translator[M].England:Longman Group UK Limited,1990
Huang,Guowen[黄国文].《清明》一诗英译文的人际功能探讨[J].外语教学,2005(3):34-38
Huang,Guowen.[黄国文].功能语篇分析[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2006
Hunston,S.& Sinclair,J."A Local Grammar of Evaluation"[A].Evaluation in Text:Authorial and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston S.& Thompson,G.New York:Oxford University Press,2003
Hunston,S.& Thompson,G."Evaluation:An Inovduction"[A].Evaluation in Text:Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.&Thompson,G..New York:Oxford University Press,2003
Hu,Zhuanglin;Zhu,Yongsheng;Zhang,Delu;Li,Zhanzi.[胡壮麟、朱永生、张德禄、李战子].系统功能语言学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005
Jones,Claire.York Notes:Bronte,Wuthering Heights[M].London:York Press,1998
Le,Ping.[乐萍].性别斗争之场:呼啸山庄女性译家译本与男性译家译本对比研究.贵州大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2007
Lin,Fang.[林芳].评价状语语篇组织功能的底层机制[J].四川外语学院学报2003(5)
Li,Zhanzi.[李战子].话语人际意义的研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001
Li,Zhanzi.[李战子].评价理论在话语分析中的应用和问题[J].外语研究,2004(6)
Li,Zhonghua.[李忠华].英语人名词典[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002
Lin,Yucai.[林禹才].从“意义参数”的角度评新版呼啸山庄[J].宁波大学学报,2007,(1)
Liu,Chengyu.[刘承宇].英语报刊语篇评价系统与批评性阅读[J].山东师大外国语学院学报,2002(4)
Macken-Horarik,"APPRAISAL and the special instructiveness of narrative"[A].in Text[C].Ed.Macken-Horarik,M.,and Martin.J.R.Berlin & New York:Walter de Gruyter,2003
Martin,J.R."'Beyond Exchange.APPRAISAL Systems in English"[A].in Evaluation in Text:Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.& Thompson,G.New York:Oxford University Press,2003
Martin,J.R and Rose,D.Working with Discourse:Meaning Beyond the Clause.[M].London:Continuum,2003
Martin,J.R.Mourning.How We Get Aligned[J],Discourse & Society(15),2004
Martin,J.R.& White,P.R.R..The Language of Evaluation.Appraisal in English[M].Palgrave Macmillan,London & New York,2005
Martin,J.R.& Rose,D.Working with Discourse:Meaning beyond the Clause[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2007
Maynard,John."The Bront(?)s and Religion"[A].The Bront(?)s[C].Ed.Glen,Heather.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004:192-213.
Miller,D."Multiple judicial opinions as specialized sites of engagement:conflicting paradigms of valuation and legitimation in Bush v.Gore 2000"[A].Conflict and Negotiation in Specialized Texts[C].Ed.M.Gotti,D.Heller &M.Dossena.Bern:Peter Lang,Linguistic Insights Series,2002
Newmark,P.A Textbook of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1988/2001
Nida,E.A.Towards A Science of Translating[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Education Press,1964/2004
Nida,E.A.Language and Culture:Context in Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
Ning,Hailiang.[宁海亮].On Translator's Choice of Translation Strategies-A Case Study of Two Versions of Wuthering Heights.成都电子科技大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2006
Page,R."An Analysis of APPRAISAL in Childbirth Narratives with Special Consideration of Gender and Storytelling Style"[A].in Text[C].Ed.Macken-Horarik,M.& Martin.J.R.Berlin&New York:Walter de Gruyter,2003
Peng,Yaqiong.[彭雅琼].论杨苡《呼啸山庄》译本中译者的性别身份.武汉大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2005
Precht,K."Stance Moods in spoken English:Evidentiality and Affect in British and American Conversation"[A].in Text[C].Ed.Macken-Horarik,M.& Martin.J.R.Berlin & New York:Walter de Gruyter,2003
Shi,Yanying;Liu,Xian;Da,Gula.[史艳英、刘娴、达古拉].关于翻译的标准:信-从翻译呼啸山庄十五章的实践谈起[J].内蒙古电大学刊,2005(2)
Snell-Hornby,Mary.An Integrated Approach[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1995/2001
Thompson,G.Introducing Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold,1996.
Wang,Dongfeng.[王东风].功能语言学与翻译研究[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2006
Wang,Jing.[王静].女性主义层面下张林译本中的干涉方式研究,贵州大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2006
Wang,Zhenhua.[王振华].评价系统及其运作[J].外国语,2001(6)
White,P.R.R.An Introductory Tour through Appraisal Theory.[A].www.grammatics.com/Appraisal,2001
Williams,Jenny.& Chestertman,Andrew.The map:A Beginner's Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies.[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004
新牛津英汉双解大词典,The Neu,Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary.上海:上海教育出版社,2007
Xu,Wei.[徐维].《呼啸山庄》两种中译本的比较研究-从女性主义翻译理论的角度.合肥工业大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库.2006
Xun,Yang.[寻阳].论方言在《儿子与情人》中的运用[J].枣庄师范专科学校学报,2002(6)
Yang,Jia.[杨佳].On the Chinese Translations of Wuthering Heights-Comparison between Yang Yi's Version and Fang Ping's Version under Pragmatic Views.四川师范大学,中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2004
Yang,Yanqing.[杨彦清].试论非标准英语的文学作用-读哈克贝利·费恩历险记[J].忻州师范学院学报,2005(6)
Yu.Jianping;Bai,Tana.[于建平、白塔娜].评价系统对翻译实践的指导意义[A].Wang,Dongfeng.[王东风].功能语言学与翻译研究[C].广州:中山大学出版社,2006(12),216-225.
Zhang,Jiuxuan.[张久宣].圣经故事[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].从语篇分析的角度看翻译中的对等[J].现代外语,2001(1):78-84
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].语言的评价意义与译者的价值取向[J].外语与外语教学,2002(7)
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].语篇语言学与翻译研究[J].中国翻译,2002(3):3-7.
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].功能加忠诚[J].外国语,2005(1):60-65.
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].翻译研究的功能途径[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005
Zhang,Xia.[张霞].从词汇衔接角度比较呼啸山庄两译本.天津财经大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2008
Zhao,Lili.[赵丽丽].A Comparative Study of Three Chinese Versions of Wuthering Heights-From the Perspective of Philosophical Hermeneutics.北京语言大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2005
Zhu,Yongsheng;Yan,Shiqing;Miao,Xingwei.[朱永生、严世清、苗兴伟].功能语言学导论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004:189-193
Bront(?),Emily.Wuthering Heights.[M].上海:上海世界图书出版公司,2003
Bront(?),Emily.Wuthering Heights.呼啸山庄.杨苡译[M].南京:译林出版社,1990
Bront(?),Emily.Wuthering Heights.呼啸山庄.成维安译[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨出版社,2007
Catford,J.A Linguistic Theory of Translation[M].London:Oxford University Press,1965
Channell,J."Corpus-Based Analysis of Evaluative Lexis"[A].Evaluation in Text.Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.&Thompson,G..New York:Oxford University Press.2003
Cortazzi,M.& Jin,Lixian."Evaluating Evaluation in Narrative"[A].Evaluation in Text:Authorial and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.&Thompson,G..New York:Oxford University Press,2003
Cortazzi,M.& Jin,Lixian."Evaluating Evaluation Narrative"[A].Evaluation in Text:Authorial and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.& Thompson,G..New York:Oxford University Press.2003
Fan,Libin.[范立彬].从语法衔接角度比较研究呼啸山庄的三个中译本.东北师范大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2006
Fan,XInagtao.[范祥涛].从呼啸山庄的六种译本透视翻译研究和重译中的一些问题[J].山东师大外国语学院学报,2001(1)
Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Arnold,1985
Halliday,M.A.K.Language as Social Semiotic:the social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Edward Arnold Limited,2001
Haddington,P.Stance in News Interviews[J].SKY Journal of Linguistics(17),2004
Hatim,B.& Mason,I.Translator as Communicator[M].London:Routledge,1997
Hatim,B.& Mason,I.Discourse and Translator[M].England:Longman Group UK Limited,1990
Huang,Guowen[黄国文].《清明》一诗英译文的人际功能探讨[J].外语教学,2005(3):34-38
Huang,Guowen.[黄国文].功能语篇分析[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2006
Hunston,S.& Sinclair,J."A Local Grammar of Evaluation"[A].Evaluation in Text:Authorial and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston S.& Thompson,G.New York:Oxford University Press,2003
Hunston,S.& Thompson,G."Evaluation:An Inovduction"[A].Evaluation in Text:Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.&Thompson,G..New York:Oxford University Press,2003
Hu,Zhuanglin;Zhu,Yongsheng;Zhang,Delu;Li,Zhanzi.[胡壮麟、朱永生、张德禄、李战子].系统功能语言学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005
Jones,Claire.York Notes:Bronte,Wuthering Heights[M].London:York Press,1998
Le,Ping.[乐萍].性别斗争之场:呼啸山庄女性译家译本与男性译家译本对比研究.贵州大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2007
Lin,Fang.[林芳].评价状语语篇组织功能的底层机制[J].四川外语学院学报2003(5)
Li,Zhanzi.[李战子].话语人际意义的研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001
Li,Zhanzi.[李战子].评价理论在话语分析中的应用和问题[J].外语研究,2004(6)
Li,Zhonghua.[李忠华].英语人名词典[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002
Lin,Yucai.[林禹才].从“意义参数”的角度评新版呼啸山庄[J].宁波大学学报,2007,(1)
Liu,Chengyu.[刘承宇].英语报刊语篇评价系统与批评性阅读[J].山东师大外国语学院学报,2002(4)
Macken-Horarik,"APPRAISAL and the special instructiveness of narrative"[A].in Text[C].Ed.Macken-Horarik,M.,and Martin.J.R.Berlin & New York:Walter de Gruyter,2003
Martin,J.R."'Beyond Exchange.APPRAISAL Systems in English"[A].in Evaluation in Text:Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse[C].Ed.Hunston,S.& Thompson,G.New York:Oxford University Press,2003
Martin,J.R and Rose,D.Working with Discourse:Meaning Beyond the Clause.[M].London:Continuum,2003
Martin,J.R.Mourning.How We Get Aligned[J],Discourse & Society(15),2004
Martin,J.R.& White,P.R.R..The Language of Evaluation.Appraisal in English[M].Palgrave Macmillan,London & New York,2005
Martin,J.R.& Rose,D.Working with Discourse:Meaning beyond the Clause[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2007
Maynard,John."The Bront(?)s and Religion"[A].The Bront(?)s[C].Ed.Glen,Heather.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004:192-213.
Miller,D."Multiple judicial opinions as specialized sites of engagement:conflicting paradigms of valuation and legitimation in Bush v.Gore 2000"[A].Conflict and Negotiation in Specialized Texts[C].Ed.M.Gotti,D.Heller &M.Dossena.Bern:Peter Lang,Linguistic Insights Series,2002
Newmark,P.A Textbook of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1988/2001
Nida,E.A.Towards A Science of Translating[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Education Press,1964/2004
Nida,E.A.Language and Culture:Context in Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
Ning,Hailiang.[宁海亮].On Translator's Choice of Translation Strategies-A Case Study of Two Versions of Wuthering Heights.成都电子科技大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2006
Page,R."An Analysis of APPRAISAL in Childbirth Narratives with Special Consideration of Gender and Storytelling Style"[A].in Text[C].Ed.Macken-Horarik,M.& Martin.J.R.Berlin&New York:Walter de Gruyter,2003
Peng,Yaqiong.[彭雅琼].论杨苡《呼啸山庄》译本中译者的性别身份.武汉大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2005
Precht,K."Stance Moods in spoken English:Evidentiality and Affect in British and American Conversation"[A].in Text[C].Ed.Macken-Horarik,M.& Martin.J.R.Berlin & New York:Walter de Gruyter,2003
Shi,Yanying;Liu,Xian;Da,Gula.[史艳英、刘娴、达古拉].关于翻译的标准:信-从翻译呼啸山庄十五章的实践谈起[J].内蒙古电大学刊,2005(2)
Snell-Hornby,Mary.An Integrated Approach[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1995/2001
Thompson,G.Introducing Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold,1996.
Wang,Dongfeng.[王东风].功能语言学与翻译研究[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2006
Wang,Jing.[王静].女性主义层面下张林译本中的干涉方式研究,贵州大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2006
Wang,Zhenhua.[王振华].评价系统及其运作[J].外国语,2001(6)
White,P.R.R.An Introductory Tour through Appraisal Theory.[A].www.grammatics.com/Appraisal,2001
Williams,Jenny.& Chestertman,Andrew.The map:A Beginner's Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies.[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004
新牛津英汉双解大词典,The Neu,Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary.上海:上海教育出版社,2007
Xu,Wei.[徐维].《呼啸山庄》两种中译本的比较研究-从女性主义翻译理论的角度.合肥工业大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库.2006
Xun,Yang.[寻阳].论方言在《儿子与情人》中的运用[J].枣庄师范专科学校学报,2002(6)
Yang,Jia.[杨佳].On the Chinese Translations of Wuthering Heights-Comparison between Yang Yi's Version and Fang Ping's Version under Pragmatic Views.四川师范大学,中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2004
Yang,Yanqing.[杨彦清].试论非标准英语的文学作用-读哈克贝利·费恩历险记[J].忻州师范学院学报,2005(6)
Yu.Jianping;Bai,Tana.[于建平、白塔娜].评价系统对翻译实践的指导意义[A].Wang,Dongfeng.[王东风].功能语言学与翻译研究[C].广州:中山大学出版社,2006(12),216-225.
Zhang,Jiuxuan.[张久宣].圣经故事[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].从语篇分析的角度看翻译中的对等[J].现代外语,2001(1):78-84
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].语言的评价意义与译者的价值取向[J].外语与外语教学,2002(7)
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].语篇语言学与翻译研究[J].中国翻译,2002(3):3-7.
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].功能加忠诚[J].外国语,2005(1):60-65.
Zhang,Meifang.[张美芳].翻译研究的功能途径[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005
Zhang,Xia.[张霞].从词汇衔接角度比较呼啸山庄两译本.天津财经大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2008
Zhao,Lili.[赵丽丽].A Comparative Study of Three Chinese Versions of Wuthering Heights-From the Perspective of Philosophical Hermeneutics.北京语言大学.中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2005
Zhu,Yongsheng;Yan,Shiqing;Miao,Xingwei.[朱永生、严世清、苗兴伟].功能语言学导论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004:189-193