淮南煤田深部煤层煤级与煤体结构特征及煤变质作用
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摘要
华北聚煤区地质构造形态复杂，煤类分布时空差异性大。随着华北东部矿区浅部煤炭资源的日益殆尽，向深部找煤已成为共识。深部煤类的分布决定了我国未来炼焦用煤资源的潜力，因此研究深部煤层的煤类分布规律及煤变质作用具有现实意义。
本文以华北东部地区安徽淮南煤田为主要研究区域，采用煤田地质学、煤岩学、煤化学、构造地质学等多学科研究方法，系统研究了该区主要井田浅部和深部煤层的煤级参数演化规律、煤体结构发育特征。采用镜质体反射率作为古地温标参数，对该区埋藏史和热史进行了恢复，并在结合研究区区域地质条件和前人对该区埋藏史-热史研究的基础上，对该区深部煤层的煤级、煤体结构及煤变质作用的控制因素进行了研究，为我国华北聚煤区深部煤类预测以及深部煤变质理论的发展提供研究基础和理论支撑。研究主要取得了以下的成果和新认识：
（1）淮南煤田是气、肥、焦、瘦等多煤类共存的大型煤田。浅部煤层以气煤大类为主，深部存在肥煤和焦煤区。全区的煤级随煤层现代埋深的增加，有逐渐增加的趋势。
（2）淮南煤田浅部和深部煤层广泛发育不同程度构造变形煤，构造变形煤的发育受断层及褶皱等地质因素控制，煤岩的构造变形对于深部煤级的增加有一定促进作用。按煤岩变形程度的剧烈程度，煤岩出现热稳定性增加、煤的芳核堆砌度及延展度增加以及芳环支链结构脱离，芳香程度增加等一系列分子结构变化。
（3）淮南煤田煤变质类型为构造动压影响下的多阶段深成变质。淮南煤田基本不受岩浆侵入影响，局部接触变质作用影响程度低，范围小。该区埋藏史和热史模拟结果显示，该区经历过三次构造热阶段，第一阶段为深成变质作用主体部分，该阶段奠定了淮南煤田长焰煤-气煤的煤级。第二阶段煤化作用叠加了燕山期造山运动的影响，煤的深成变质作用继续进行。不同井区由于沉降速率、埋深和剥蚀程度的不同造成了井区间煤级的不均一性。第三阶段由于地层温度过低，推测区域内的主要煤化作用结束。潘一矿和望峰岗矿煤级的差异与第一阶段煤系地层沉积速率、埋深和剥蚀程度以及第二阶段井底热流有关。
The geological structure’s features of coal accumulating region in Huabei district arecomplex, and the differences of time and space of coal type’s distribution are huge. With theexhaust of the shallow coal resources from the coal mining areas in eastern Huabei district, itcame into a common view to exploration in deeper coal seams. The distribution characteristicsof deep-seated coal seams’ type have an effect on the China’s coking coal resources’ potentialin the future, so it would be realistic meaning to study the law of deep-seated coal seams’ typeand its coal metamorphism.
This study take the Huainan coalfield located in the Anhui province in the eastern Huabeidistrict as an example, using a lots of scientific studing methods such as coal geology, coalpetrology, coal chemistry, tectonic geology and so on to systematic study the law of coal rankparameters’evolution, the characteristics of coal structure. Basing on using the reflection ofvitrinit as a subject matter for earth temperature, it was finished to recover the studying area’sburying history and heat history. Further, with considered the studying areas’ geologic settingand the works in burying history and heat history of predecessors, the control factors of thedeep-seated coal seams’ rank, coal structure and coal metamorphism were studied, whichwould be supposed have a positive effect on predicting the deep-seated coal seam’s rank ofHuabei coal accumulating region and the supporting development of coal metamorphism’s lawfor deep seams.
Following are the main results and new points of this study.
1. The Huainan coalfield is a huge coalfield with several coal types to be occurred in such asgas coal, fat coal, coking coal and lean coal. The gas coal type group occurred in shallow coalseams, and the fat coal and coking coal occurred in deep-seated coal seams. With the raising ofmodern burying depth, the coal rank in the whole studying area has the tendency of slowlyraising.
2. The tectonic deformed coal of different degree were occurred commonly in the shallow and deep-seated seams in Huainan coalfield. The occurrence of tectonic deformed coal wascontrolled by the geologic factors as faults or bend. According to the deformed degree of coal,it came to a results that the stability of coal was raising, the packing degree and the ductility ofcoal’s basic union was increasing, the A branched structures of aromatic ring were breakingaway and the aromatic degree was increasing, which could be considered as a evidence oftectonic deforming having a positive effect on the coal rank in deep-seated coal seams.
3.The coal metamorphism of Huainan coalfield is the normal metamorphism which has acharacteristics of muti-stages and affected by the tectonic press obviously. The impact ofmagma investing had a very less impact on Huainan coalfield. The partly contactingmetamorphism had a low level impact on coal seams’ rank and the rang is small. The results ofsimulation of the burying history and heat history of studying area show it experienced threestages of tectonic heat movement. The first stage is the normal metamorphism’s main part,which base the candle coal and gas coal rank for Huainan coalfield. In the second stage,Superposition of the effect of mountain folding in phrase of Yanshan, the coal’s metamorphismcontinued, and the coal rank of different coal mine became distinct for the reason of buryingspeed, depth and corroding degree. The metamorphism was supposed remain stagnant in thethird stage because of lower temperature. The differences of coal rank between the Panyicoal mine and Wangfenggang coal mine mainly occurred because of the strata’s sedimentationrate, bury depth and corroding degree in the first stage as well as the heat of well bottom in thesecond stage.
本文以华北东部地区安徽淮南煤田为主要研究区域，采用煤田地质学、煤岩学、煤化学、构造地质学等多学科研究方法，系统研究了该区主要井田浅部和深部煤层的煤级参数演化规律、煤体结构发育特征。采用镜质体反射率作为古地温标参数，对该区埋藏史和热史进行了恢复，并在结合研究区区域地质条件和前人对该区埋藏史-热史研究的基础上，对该区深部煤层的煤级、煤体结构及煤变质作用的控制因素进行了研究，为我国华北聚煤区深部煤类预测以及深部煤变质理论的发展提供研究基础和理论支撑。研究主要取得了以下的成果和新认识：
（1）淮南煤田是气、肥、焦、瘦等多煤类共存的大型煤田。浅部煤层以气煤大类为主，深部存在肥煤和焦煤区。全区的煤级随煤层现代埋深的增加，有逐渐增加的趋势。
（2）淮南煤田浅部和深部煤层广泛发育不同程度构造变形煤，构造变形煤的发育受断层及褶皱等地质因素控制，煤岩的构造变形对于深部煤级的增加有一定促进作用。按煤岩变形程度的剧烈程度，煤岩出现热稳定性增加、煤的芳核堆砌度及延展度增加以及芳环支链结构脱离，芳香程度增加等一系列分子结构变化。
（3）淮南煤田煤变质类型为构造动压影响下的多阶段深成变质。淮南煤田基本不受岩浆侵入影响，局部接触变质作用影响程度低，范围小。该区埋藏史和热史模拟结果显示，该区经历过三次构造热阶段，第一阶段为深成变质作用主体部分，该阶段奠定了淮南煤田长焰煤-气煤的煤级。第二阶段煤化作用叠加了燕山期造山运动的影响，煤的深成变质作用继续进行。不同井区由于沉降速率、埋深和剥蚀程度的不同造成了井区间煤级的不均一性。第三阶段由于地层温度过低，推测区域内的主要煤化作用结束。潘一矿和望峰岗矿煤级的差异与第一阶段煤系地层沉积速率、埋深和剥蚀程度以及第二阶段井底热流有关。
The geological structure’s features of coal accumulating region in Huabei district arecomplex, and the differences of time and space of coal type’s distribution are huge. With theexhaust of the shallow coal resources from the coal mining areas in eastern Huabei district, itcame into a common view to exploration in deeper coal seams. The distribution characteristicsof deep-seated coal seams’ type have an effect on the China’s coking coal resources’ potentialin the future, so it would be realistic meaning to study the law of deep-seated coal seams’ typeand its coal metamorphism.
This study take the Huainan coalfield located in the Anhui province in the eastern Huabeidistrict as an example, using a lots of scientific studing methods such as coal geology, coalpetrology, coal chemistry, tectonic geology and so on to systematic study the law of coal rankparameters’evolution, the characteristics of coal structure. Basing on using the reflection ofvitrinit as a subject matter for earth temperature, it was finished to recover the studying area’sburying history and heat history. Further, with considered the studying areas’ geologic settingand the works in burying history and heat history of predecessors, the control factors of thedeep-seated coal seams’ rank, coal structure and coal metamorphism were studied, whichwould be supposed have a positive effect on predicting the deep-seated coal seam’s rank ofHuabei coal accumulating region and the supporting development of coal metamorphism’s lawfor deep seams.
Following are the main results and new points of this study.
1. The Huainan coalfield is a huge coalfield with several coal types to be occurred in such asgas coal, fat coal, coking coal and lean coal. The gas coal type group occurred in shallow coalseams, and the fat coal and coking coal occurred in deep-seated coal seams. With the raising ofmodern burying depth, the coal rank in the whole studying area has the tendency of slowlyraising.
2. The tectonic deformed coal of different degree were occurred commonly in the shallow and deep-seated seams in Huainan coalfield. The occurrence of tectonic deformed coal wascontrolled by the geologic factors as faults or bend. According to the deformed degree of coal,it came to a results that the stability of coal was raising, the packing degree and the ductility ofcoal’s basic union was increasing, the A branched structures of aromatic ring were breakingaway and the aromatic degree was increasing, which could be considered as a evidence oftectonic deforming having a positive effect on the coal rank in deep-seated coal seams.
3.The coal metamorphism of Huainan coalfield is the normal metamorphism which has acharacteristics of muti-stages and affected by the tectonic press obviously. The impact ofmagma investing had a very less impact on Huainan coalfield. The partly contactingmetamorphism had a low level impact on coal seams’ rank and the rang is small. The results ofsimulation of the burying history and heat history of studying area show it experienced threestages of tectonic heat movement. The first stage is the normal metamorphism’s main part,which base the candle coal and gas coal rank for Huainan coalfield. In the second stage,Superposition of the effect of mountain folding in phrase of Yanshan, the coal’s metamorphismcontinued, and the coal rank of different coal mine became distinct for the reason of buryingspeed, depth and corroding degree. The metamorphism was supposed remain stagnant in thethird stage because of lower temperature. The differences of coal rank between the Panyicoal mine and Wangfenggang coal mine mainly occurred because of the strata’s sedimentationrate, bury depth and corroding degree in the first stage as well as the heat of well bottom in thesecond stage.
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