中国承接IT外包竞争力影响因素实证分析
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摘要
服务外包逐渐出现离岸化和国际化趋势,新型国际化服务外包企业脱颖而出,服务外包对一国经济发展的战略意义逐渐显现,服务外包及其国际化对于中国以及其他发展中国家的经济发展战略具有重要意义。
本文以我国计算机和信息服务出口额为研究对象,用它来代表我国承接IT外包竞争力状况。通过分析我国计算机和信息服务贸易TC指数和其他现状得出我国承接IT外包业务仍较缺乏竞争力,在国际市场中所占份额仍然较低。
为了找出我国承接IT外包竞争力的影响因素及这些因素对我国承接IT外包竞争力的具体影响程度,基于波特钻石模型理论,借鉴国内外相关研究,本文首先以我国计算机和信息服务出口额为因变量,选取17个指标作为我国承接IT外包竞争力的影响因素并归为六组,通过主成分分析提取每组共同因子,继而通过格兰杰因果检验和Johansen协整检验筛选出符合计量要求的影响因子,最后通过回归分析得到最终回归方程。
本文通过实证分析得出内外部资本投入的增加、劳动力成本和IT外包业劳动力规模的上升会削弱我国承接IT外包竞争力,政府对科研和科教文卫事业投入的增加能提高我国承接IT外包竞争力,高级要素、国内相关产业支持和国内外需求对我国承接IT外包竞争力无影响的结论。
为了提高我国承接IT外包竞争力,今后应全面提高IT外包业从业人员综合素质；完善电信业基础设施建设；充分利用国内外两个市场；继续加大对IT外包企业的政策、资金支持；鼓励科研事业的发展和企业创新活动的开展；增强行业协会的服务功能。
Offshore and internationalization trends has appeared in service outsourcing activities and a number of outstanding enterprises have emerged in this line. The strategic significance of service outsourcing activities to a country's economy development has appeared gradually. Service outsourcing activities and its internationalization trends are of great importance to China and other developing countries.
In this paper, China's export of computer and information services which stands for the competitiveness for China's undertaking Information Technology Outsourcing is the target for research. Through analysis of the Trade Specialization Coefficient and other data of computer and information services export we can find that China's international market share is still low and our country still lacks of competitiveness in this line.
In order to find out influencing factors to the competitiveness for China's undertaking Information Technology Outsourcing and relation between them. Based on Porter's Competitiveness Diamond Model and relative domestic and foreign researches, this paper selected seventeen indicators as influencing factors and classified them into six groups. Then through factor analysis, the principal component factors of each group were extracted. Through granger causality test and co-integration test the influencing factors which meet the measurement requirement are obtained. Finally the relationship between competitiveness of China's undertaking IT outsourcing with several indicators are obtained by regression analysis. Research concludes that rising input of capital and labor, rising cost of labor can undermine the competitiveness of undertaking IT outsourcing; government support can elevate the competitiveness; other factors have no influence on the competitiveness.
In order to elevate the competitiveness for China's undertaking Information Technology Outsourcing, the overall quality of IT outsourcing employees must be improved; the telecommunications infrastructure must be completed; the domestic and international markets must be made full use of; the government should give more policy
and financial support to the IT outsourcing enterprises; the scientific research and
innovation activities should be more and the service function of relative industry
association must be enhanced.
本文以我国计算机和信息服务出口额为研究对象,用它来代表我国承接IT外包竞争力状况。通过分析我国计算机和信息服务贸易TC指数和其他现状得出我国承接IT外包业务仍较缺乏竞争力,在国际市场中所占份额仍然较低。
为了找出我国承接IT外包竞争力的影响因素及这些因素对我国承接IT外包竞争力的具体影响程度,基于波特钻石模型理论,借鉴国内外相关研究,本文首先以我国计算机和信息服务出口额为因变量,选取17个指标作为我国承接IT外包竞争力的影响因素并归为六组,通过主成分分析提取每组共同因子,继而通过格兰杰因果检验和Johansen协整检验筛选出符合计量要求的影响因子,最后通过回归分析得到最终回归方程。
本文通过实证分析得出内外部资本投入的增加、劳动力成本和IT外包业劳动力规模的上升会削弱我国承接IT外包竞争力,政府对科研和科教文卫事业投入的增加能提高我国承接IT外包竞争力,高级要素、国内相关产业支持和国内外需求对我国承接IT外包竞争力无影响的结论。
为了提高我国承接IT外包竞争力,今后应全面提高IT外包业从业人员综合素质；完善电信业基础设施建设；充分利用国内外两个市场；继续加大对IT外包企业的政策、资金支持；鼓励科研事业的发展和企业创新活动的开展；增强行业协会的服务功能。
Offshore and internationalization trends has appeared in service outsourcing activities and a number of outstanding enterprises have emerged in this line. The strategic significance of service outsourcing activities to a country's economy development has appeared gradually. Service outsourcing activities and its internationalization trends are of great importance to China and other developing countries.
In this paper, China's export of computer and information services which stands for the competitiveness for China's undertaking Information Technology Outsourcing is the target for research. Through analysis of the Trade Specialization Coefficient and other data of computer and information services export we can find that China's international market share is still low and our country still lacks of competitiveness in this line.
In order to find out influencing factors to the competitiveness for China's undertaking Information Technology Outsourcing and relation between them. Based on Porter's Competitiveness Diamond Model and relative domestic and foreign researches, this paper selected seventeen indicators as influencing factors and classified them into six groups. Then through factor analysis, the principal component factors of each group were extracted. Through granger causality test and co-integration test the influencing factors which meet the measurement requirement are obtained. Finally the relationship between competitiveness of China's undertaking IT outsourcing with several indicators are obtained by regression analysis. Research concludes that rising input of capital and labor, rising cost of labor can undermine the competitiveness of undertaking IT outsourcing; government support can elevate the competitiveness; other factors have no influence on the competitiveness.
In order to elevate the competitiveness for China's undertaking Information Technology Outsourcing, the overall quality of IT outsourcing employees must be improved; the telecommunications infrastructure must be completed; the domestic and international markets must be made full use of; the government should give more policy
and financial support to the IT outsourcing enterprises; the scientific research and
innovation activities should be more and the service function of relative industry
association must be enhanced.
引文
[1]Hyun-soo Han, Jae-Nam Lee, Yun-Weon Seo. Analyzing the impact of a firm's capability on outsourcing success:a proeess perspective. Information & Management,2008,45(1):31-42.
[2]Leslie Willcocks, Guy Fitzgerald. Market. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,1993, 2(3):223-242.
[3]Ronan Mclvor. How the transaction cost and resource-based theories of the firm inform outsourcing evaluation. Journal of Operations Management,2009,27(1):45-63.
[4]Mark F. Thou in, James J. Hoffman, Eric W. Ford. IT outsourcing and firm-level performance:a transaction cost perspective. Information and Management,2009,46(8):463-469.
[5]Mary C. Lacity, Leslie P. Willcocks. Interpreting information technology sourcing decisions from a transaction cost perspective. Accounting, Management and Information Technologies,1995, 5(3):203-244.
[6]Howard J.Wall, Subhayu Bandyopadhyay. Policy evaluation in the presence of outsourcing:global competitiveness versus political feasibility. Journal of Economics& Politics,2007,(19).
[7]Massimo Manzin, Borut Kodric. The influence of outsourcing and information and communication technology on virtualizaiton of the company. Journal of Managing Global Transitions,2009,(7).
[8]Stephan Weinert, Mathias Weber, David Vasak. Offshore. outsourcing to Russian IT providers: opportunities, risks and best practice procedures[D].Schumpeter Discussion Papers,2008,(12).
[9]Rodolfo, Ceferino S. Sustaining Philippine. Advantage in business proces outsourcing[D].Philippine Institute for Development Studies in Its Series Discussion Papers, 2005,45.
[10]Eduard Dinu, Cristina Curea. Analysis and competitivenes in logistics. Journal of The Amfiteatru Economic,2008,(10).
[11]Thomas I.Palley. The economics of outsourcing:how should policy respond?[Z] Economics Public Policy Brief Archive,2007,(1).
[12]夏正荣.提升我国服务贸易国际竞争力.国际商务研究,2007,(6).
[13]鲁晓东.我国服务贸易竞争力的实证分析.国际贸易,2007.
[14]丁平,徐松.中印服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究.国际贸易问题,2007,(8).
[15]丁平.中国服务贸易国际竞争力的影响因素分析与对策研究.世界经济研究,2007,(9).
[16]赵放,冯晓玲.中美服务贸易国际竞争力比较分析.世界经济研究,2007,(9).
[17]涂静.服务外包：内涵与外延的探讨.江苏商论,2010,(8)：112-114.
[18]姜荣春,刘绍坚.后危机时代中国服务外包产业发展的机遇、挑战及路径选择.国际贸易,2010,(7)：35-42.
[19]王晓红.实现服务外包产业的跨越发展与整体提升.国际贸易,2010,(10)：27-32.
[20]周正柱.上海服务外包发展现状及路径研究.《国际商务—对外经济贸易大学学报》2010(2)：31-39.
[21]徐瑾.中国软件外包人才现状与培养.江苏商论,2010,(10)：67-69.
[22]苏怡,郑汉金.发展服务外包：昆明的竞争优势与路径选择.江苏商论,2010,(9)：107-109.
[23]张宇馨,徐枫.关于北京软件外包发展的思考.江苏商论,2010,(3)：60-62.
[24]范啸山,侍文庚.江苏服务外包产业支撑平台的构建研究.江苏商论,2010,(3)：58-59.
[25]鲁丹萍.发展国际服务外包提升温州经济发展水平.《国际商务研究》,2010,(5)：3-31.
[26]鄂丽丽.服务外包竞争力影响因素研究.基于中国的分析,经济问题探索,2008,(3)：151-166.
[27]袁永友.服务外包与示范城市差异化发展.国际贸易,2009,(9).
[28]苏娜,张锦辉.全球服务外包承接地的吸引力比较研究.江苏商论,2010,(2)：81-83.
[29]景瑞琴.人力资本与国际服务外包： (博士学位论文).上海：复旦大学,2007：2-100.
[30]张会清,唐海燕.发展中国家承接国际外包的决定因素—兼论中国的比较优势.《国际贸易问题》,2010,(8)：68-75.
[31]苏秦,杨青青.各国吸引离岸服务外包的有效性研究—基于DEA的对比分析.国际经贸探索,2010,(8)：40-46.
[32]景瑞琴.中印承接国际服务外包的比较优势分析.经济问题,2007,(11)：41-44.
[33]陈军亚.承接国际服务外包的影响因素分析—兼论中国的承接能力.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2009,(11)：58-64.
[34]刘艳.发展中国家承接离岸服务外包竞争力的决定因素—基于26个主要接包国的面板数据研究.经济经纬,2010,(1)：42-45.
[35]宋丽丽.信息技术国际服务外包东道国选择影响因素实证研究.国际贸易问题,2008,(4)：65-70.
[36]胡昭玲,王洋.中国承接服务外包的影响因素分析.国际经贸探索,2010,(2)：68-72.
[37]朱胜勇,李文秀.服务外包发展的影响因素及启示—基于部分OECD国家服务外包的分析.《软科学》,2009,(5).
[38]陈迎春.江苏承接国际服务外包—影响因素与发展模式：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京理工大学,2010：2-8.
[39]沈娟.中国承接国际IT服务外包问题与对策研究：(硕士学位论文).安徽：安徽大学,2010：2-10.
[40]丁磊.中国软件外包产业的国际竞争力研究：(硕士学位论文).北京：首都经贸大学,2010：3-8.
[41]闫禹.IT产业国际分工研究：(博士学位论文).沈阳：辽宁大学,2008：3-10.
[42]陈春慧,纪秋颖.中国服务贸易发展实证研究.商场现代化,2007(9)：4445.
[43]李杨,蔡春林.中国服务贸易发展影响因素的实证分析.国际贸易问题,2008(5)：75-79.
[44]万晓兰,王丽燕.中印软件外包业基于“钻石模型”的竞争力分析与发展策略.西安电子科技大学学报(社科版),2008,(3)：61-67.
[45]蒋颖淼.中国服务外包的国际竞争力分析及对策研究：(硕士学位论文).新疆：新疆财经大学,2009：5-10.
[46]庄惠明,黄建忠,陈洁.基于“钻石模型”的中国服务贸易竞争力实证分析.财贸经济,2009,(3).
[47]郑吉昌,夏晴.服务贸易国际竞争力的相关因素探讨.国际贸易问题,2004,(12).
[2]Leslie Willcocks, Guy Fitzgerald. Market. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,1993, 2(3):223-242.
[3]Ronan Mclvor. How the transaction cost and resource-based theories of the firm inform outsourcing evaluation. Journal of Operations Management,2009,27(1):45-63.
[4]Mark F. Thou in, James J. Hoffman, Eric W. Ford. IT outsourcing and firm-level performance:a transaction cost perspective. Information and Management,2009,46(8):463-469.
[5]Mary C. Lacity, Leslie P. Willcocks. Interpreting information technology sourcing decisions from a transaction cost perspective. Accounting, Management and Information Technologies,1995, 5(3):203-244.
[6]Howard J.Wall, Subhayu Bandyopadhyay. Policy evaluation in the presence of outsourcing:global competitiveness versus political feasibility. Journal of Economics& Politics,2007,(19).
[7]Massimo Manzin, Borut Kodric. The influence of outsourcing and information and communication technology on virtualizaiton of the company. Journal of Managing Global Transitions,2009,(7).
[8]Stephan Weinert, Mathias Weber, David Vasak. Offshore. outsourcing to Russian IT providers: opportunities, risks and best practice procedures[D].Schumpeter Discussion Papers,2008,(12).
[9]Rodolfo, Ceferino S. Sustaining Philippine. Advantage in business proces outsourcing[D].Philippine Institute for Development Studies in Its Series Discussion Papers, 2005,45.
[10]Eduard Dinu, Cristina Curea. Analysis and competitivenes in logistics. Journal of The Amfiteatru Economic,2008,(10).
[11]Thomas I.Palley. The economics of outsourcing:how should policy respond?[Z] Economics Public Policy Brief Archive,2007,(1).
[12]夏正荣.提升我国服务贸易国际竞争力.国际商务研究,2007,(6).
[13]鲁晓东.我国服务贸易竞争力的实证分析.国际贸易,2007.
[14]丁平,徐松.中印服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究.国际贸易问题,2007,(8).
[15]丁平.中国服务贸易国际竞争力的影响因素分析与对策研究.世界经济研究,2007,(9).
[16]赵放,冯晓玲.中美服务贸易国际竞争力比较分析.世界经济研究,2007,(9).
[17]涂静.服务外包：内涵与外延的探讨.江苏商论,2010,(8)：112-114.
[18]姜荣春,刘绍坚.后危机时代中国服务外包产业发展的机遇、挑战及路径选择.国际贸易,2010,(7)：35-42.
[19]王晓红.实现服务外包产业的跨越发展与整体提升.国际贸易,2010,(10)：27-32.
[20]周正柱.上海服务外包发展现状及路径研究.《国际商务—对外经济贸易大学学报》2010(2)：31-39.
[21]徐瑾.中国软件外包人才现状与培养.江苏商论,2010,(10)：67-69.
[22]苏怡,郑汉金.发展服务外包：昆明的竞争优势与路径选择.江苏商论,2010,(9)：107-109.
[23]张宇馨,徐枫.关于北京软件外包发展的思考.江苏商论,2010,(3)：60-62.
[24]范啸山,侍文庚.江苏服务外包产业支撑平台的构建研究.江苏商论,2010,(3)：58-59.
[25]鲁丹萍.发展国际服务外包提升温州经济发展水平.《国际商务研究》,2010,(5)：3-31.
[26]鄂丽丽.服务外包竞争力影响因素研究.基于中国的分析,经济问题探索,2008,(3)：151-166.
[27]袁永友.服务外包与示范城市差异化发展.国际贸易,2009,(9).
[28]苏娜,张锦辉.全球服务外包承接地的吸引力比较研究.江苏商论,2010,(2)：81-83.
[29]景瑞琴.人力资本与国际服务外包： (博士学位论文).上海：复旦大学,2007：2-100.
[30]张会清,唐海燕.发展中国家承接国际外包的决定因素—兼论中国的比较优势.《国际贸易问题》,2010,(8)：68-75.
[31]苏秦,杨青青.各国吸引离岸服务外包的有效性研究—基于DEA的对比分析.国际经贸探索,2010,(8)：40-46.
[32]景瑞琴.中印承接国际服务外包的比较优势分析.经济问题,2007,(11)：41-44.
[33]陈军亚.承接国际服务外包的影响因素分析—兼论中国的承接能力.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2009,(11)：58-64.
[34]刘艳.发展中国家承接离岸服务外包竞争力的决定因素—基于26个主要接包国的面板数据研究.经济经纬,2010,(1)：42-45.
[35]宋丽丽.信息技术国际服务外包东道国选择影响因素实证研究.国际贸易问题,2008,(4)：65-70.
[36]胡昭玲,王洋.中国承接服务外包的影响因素分析.国际经贸探索,2010,(2)：68-72.
[37]朱胜勇,李文秀.服务外包发展的影响因素及启示—基于部分OECD国家服务外包的分析.《软科学》,2009,(5).
[38]陈迎春.江苏承接国际服务外包—影响因素与发展模式：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京理工大学,2010：2-8.
[39]沈娟.中国承接国际IT服务外包问题与对策研究：(硕士学位论文).安徽：安徽大学,2010：2-10.
[40]丁磊.中国软件外包产业的国际竞争力研究：(硕士学位论文).北京：首都经贸大学,2010：3-8.
[41]闫禹.IT产业国际分工研究：(博士学位论文).沈阳：辽宁大学,2008：3-10.
[42]陈春慧,纪秋颖.中国服务贸易发展实证研究.商场现代化,2007(9)：4445.
[43]李杨,蔡春林.中国服务贸易发展影响因素的实证分析.国际贸易问题,2008(5)：75-79.
[44]万晓兰,王丽燕.中印软件外包业基于“钻石模型”的竞争力分析与发展策略.西安电子科技大学学报(社科版),2008,(3)：61-67.
[45]蒋颖淼.中国服务外包的国际竞争力分析及对策研究：(硕士学位论文).新疆：新疆财经大学,2009：5-10.
[46]庄惠明,黄建忠,陈洁.基于“钻石模型”的中国服务贸易竞争力实证分析.财贸经济,2009,(3).
[47]郑吉昌,夏晴.服务贸易国际竞争力的相关因素探讨.国际贸易问题,2004,(12).