基于耗散结构的物流网络系统运作模式与运行机制研究
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摘要
随着我国企业规模的不断扩大和服务意识的不断增强,市场对物资流通的反应速度和服务质量要求越来越高,现有的物流服务水平已经成为制约其发展的重要因素,尤其是近来蓬勃兴起的电子商务及各电商企业之间的激烈竞争,引发了企业间对物流资源的极力占有和盲目扩张,使物流网络资源有效合理利用和网络健康有序发展的重要性更加突出,从物流网络宏观全局把握物流网络的运行模式和运行机制,整合现有物流网络资源并加以优化利用,这是现代物流研究所欠缺的。透过物流表象,操纵物流网络运行的关键因素是网络资源在需求引导下的高效合理分配与利用,站在物流网络整体的高度上来整合物流资源、构建联盟合作、优化资源配置、协调物流网络组织结构,从而避免重复粗放式发展造成的巨大资源浪费,实现网络效能最大化,将是一项非常重要而艰巨的任务,亟待我们进行深入探索和研究。
基于我国物流发展要求和国内外物流网络理论的研究现状与不足,本文从物流系统整体出发,对物流网络进行了系统宏观角度的再认识,通过对物流网络耗散结构及熵模型的研究析出资源整合、动态联盟和协同优化这三大物流网络运行机制有利于物流网络的协调运行,并以此构建了物流网络运作模式。本文主要做了以下几方面的研究工作：
1.从系统整体角度对物流网络进行再认识。从系统宏观角度界定了物流网络的定义,提出物流网络是由横向的基础设施网络、物流组织网络、物流信息网络和纵向的物流需求网络、物流功能网络、目标客户网络纵横交叉构成的立体动态网络系统；
2.提出物流网络四阶段运作模式与三项运行机制。通过对物流网络耗散结构形成条件的分析,将物流网络运作模式分为形成期、成长期、成熟期和衰落期四个阶段；并通过对物流网络信息熵、结构熵和运行熵的分析,提出物流网络资源整合、动态联盟和协同优化这三项运行机制形成的熵流能有效降低物流网络熵,有利于物流网络形成耗散结构；
3.构建物流网络资源整合模式与模型。通过系统要素整合、横向物流网络资源整合和纵向物流网络资源整合将物流系统资源在结构清晰、功能明确的空间网络结构上整合为一个有机整体,并建立了物流网络资源整合三维结构模型；
4.提出基于分形Agent理论的物流网络动态联盟和物流网络功能体。以物流网络资源最基本功能单元为单位对网络资源进行联盟组织和协调决策,提出基于分形Agent的物流网络动态联盟组织模式和基于Multi-Agent的物流网络动态联盟协调机制；
5.构建了基于Multi-Agent的物流网络系统协同框架。从物流网络资源协作、子系统协调和系统整体协同这三个递进的发展阶段分析了物流网络协同的形成机理,并据此设计了物流网络协同框架和基于CO算法的优化模型。
本研究以耗散结构和熵理论为依据,以形成物流网络系统的有序运作模式为目标,通过在物流网络运行过程中构建物流网络功能体来实现物流网络资源的优化配置和协调合作。文中详细研究了功能体内部资源之间的协作、功能体资源所属企业之间的协调、各功能体之间的协同,并将其与物流网络资源整合、动态联盟、协同优化这三项运行机制紧密联系起来,进行从网络要素基本功能单元到物流网络系统整体的逐级优化研究。物流网络运作模式及运行机制的研究使物流网络的整体理念成型于物流系统之中,物流网络的协同有序运行不仅能够增强物流网络资源的灵活性和协调性、提高物流网络服务效率、使有限的物流资源得以优化利用,而且为实现物流网络的整体性能、提高物流网络服务水平提供了全新的探索和理论保障。
With the increase in the scope of enterprises of our country and the enhancement of serving consciousness, the serving level and reaction speed of market to material circulating are higher and higher. The present serving level of logistics has become an important limiting factor for the development of the logistics. Specially, lately the furious competition among the rising electronic commerce enterprises makes them expand blindly, and they try their best to possess logistics resources, which enhances the importance of better utilization for logistics network resources and the healthy development of logistics network. It is defective for the researches of modern logistics to grasp the operation mode and mechanism of logistics network from macro-analysis and integrate the present logistics network resources for better utilization. From the essential of the logistics, the key factor of manipulating logistics network is the distribution and utilization of logistics network resources under the lead of the demand. It is a hard task to integrate the logistics network resources from the whole of logistics network, construct the alliance, optimize the resource configure, harmonize the framework of logistics network, avoid the huge resources waste because of the extensive development, and maximize the efficiency of logistics network, which should be studied carefully.
Based on the developing demand of the logistics in our country and the research status of logistics network theory at home and abroad, in this dissertation, the logistics network is researched deeply again from the angle of macro-analysis. Through the researches about the dissipative structure and entropy of the logistics network, three operation mechanisms of logistics network including the resources integration, the dynamic alliance and the collaborative optimization are got out, which is useful for the run of logistics network, and the operation mode of logistics network is built up based on it. The main researches in this dissertation are as follows:
1. The logistics network is researched deeply again from the angle of macro-analysis. The logistics network is defined again, and it is made from the transverse networks including logistics infrastructure network, logistics organization network and logistics information network and the lengthways networks including logistics demand network, logistics function network and target customer network, which is a crossed network system.
2. The operation mode of logistics network system is built up based on the dissipative structure of logistics network. Through the analysis about the entropy of the logistics network, three operation mechanisms of logistics network including the resources integration, the dynamic alliance and the collaborative optimization are got out, which can reduce the information entropy, the structure entropy and the operation entropy of logistics network markedly, and make logistics network run more harmoniously.
3. The three-stage integration mode of logistics network resources is brought up. The logistics resources are integrated in the solid network framework with a clear frame and a definite function through the integration of systemic factors, the transverse integration of logistics network resources and the lengthways integration of logistics network resources, and the three-dimensional model of logistics network resources integration is built up.
4. The logistics network dynamic alliance and the logistics network function body based on fractal agent theory are brought up. The organization mode of the logistics network dynamic alliance based on fractal agent and the corresponding mechanism of the logistics network dynamic alliance based on Multi-Agent are brought up through alliance organizing and decision-making for the network resources from the basic functional units of logistics network resources.
5. The cooperative framework of logistics network system is established based on Multi-Agent. The forming mechanism of logistics network cooperation is analyzed from three successive stages including the cooperation of logistics network resources, the harmony of subsystems and the cooperation of whole system, and the optimum model of logistics network cooperation is designed.
The dissipative structure and entropy theory are the foundation of this dissertation, and the goal of the research is to form the ordered operation mode of logistics network system and make optimum use of it. The optimum configures and cooperation of logistics network resources are realized through forming the logistics network function body in the run of the logistics network. In this dissertation, three connections are researched including the cooperation among inner resources of the function body, the harmony between the function body and the enterprises and the cooperation among the function body, and the three connections and the three operation mechanisms including the integration of logistics network resources, the dynamic alliance and the collaborative optimization are connected for the optimum researches from the basic functional units to the whole system of logistics network. The researches about the operation mode and mechanism of logistics network put the unitary thought of logistics network in logistics system, and the ordered run of logistics network can not only enhance the agility and harmony of the logistics network resources, and improve the serving efficiency to make optimum use of the limited logistics network resources, but also provide new theoretical researches for exerting the whole performance of logistics network and heightening the serving level of logistics network.
基于我国物流发展要求和国内外物流网络理论的研究现状与不足,本文从物流系统整体出发,对物流网络进行了系统宏观角度的再认识,通过对物流网络耗散结构及熵模型的研究析出资源整合、动态联盟和协同优化这三大物流网络运行机制有利于物流网络的协调运行,并以此构建了物流网络运作模式。本文主要做了以下几方面的研究工作：
1.从系统整体角度对物流网络进行再认识。从系统宏观角度界定了物流网络的定义,提出物流网络是由横向的基础设施网络、物流组织网络、物流信息网络和纵向的物流需求网络、物流功能网络、目标客户网络纵横交叉构成的立体动态网络系统；
2.提出物流网络四阶段运作模式与三项运行机制。通过对物流网络耗散结构形成条件的分析,将物流网络运作模式分为形成期、成长期、成熟期和衰落期四个阶段；并通过对物流网络信息熵、结构熵和运行熵的分析,提出物流网络资源整合、动态联盟和协同优化这三项运行机制形成的熵流能有效降低物流网络熵,有利于物流网络形成耗散结构；
3.构建物流网络资源整合模式与模型。通过系统要素整合、横向物流网络资源整合和纵向物流网络资源整合将物流系统资源在结构清晰、功能明确的空间网络结构上整合为一个有机整体,并建立了物流网络资源整合三维结构模型；
4.提出基于分形Agent理论的物流网络动态联盟和物流网络功能体。以物流网络资源最基本功能单元为单位对网络资源进行联盟组织和协调决策,提出基于分形Agent的物流网络动态联盟组织模式和基于Multi-Agent的物流网络动态联盟协调机制；
5.构建了基于Multi-Agent的物流网络系统协同框架。从物流网络资源协作、子系统协调和系统整体协同这三个递进的发展阶段分析了物流网络协同的形成机理,并据此设计了物流网络协同框架和基于CO算法的优化模型。
本研究以耗散结构和熵理论为依据,以形成物流网络系统的有序运作模式为目标,通过在物流网络运行过程中构建物流网络功能体来实现物流网络资源的优化配置和协调合作。文中详细研究了功能体内部资源之间的协作、功能体资源所属企业之间的协调、各功能体之间的协同,并将其与物流网络资源整合、动态联盟、协同优化这三项运行机制紧密联系起来,进行从网络要素基本功能单元到物流网络系统整体的逐级优化研究。物流网络运作模式及运行机制的研究使物流网络的整体理念成型于物流系统之中,物流网络的协同有序运行不仅能够增强物流网络资源的灵活性和协调性、提高物流网络服务效率、使有限的物流资源得以优化利用,而且为实现物流网络的整体性能、提高物流网络服务水平提供了全新的探索和理论保障。
With the increase in the scope of enterprises of our country and the enhancement of serving consciousness, the serving level and reaction speed of market to material circulating are higher and higher. The present serving level of logistics has become an important limiting factor for the development of the logistics. Specially, lately the furious competition among the rising electronic commerce enterprises makes them expand blindly, and they try their best to possess logistics resources, which enhances the importance of better utilization for logistics network resources and the healthy development of logistics network. It is defective for the researches of modern logistics to grasp the operation mode and mechanism of logistics network from macro-analysis and integrate the present logistics network resources for better utilization. From the essential of the logistics, the key factor of manipulating logistics network is the distribution and utilization of logistics network resources under the lead of the demand. It is a hard task to integrate the logistics network resources from the whole of logistics network, construct the alliance, optimize the resource configure, harmonize the framework of logistics network, avoid the huge resources waste because of the extensive development, and maximize the efficiency of logistics network, which should be studied carefully.
Based on the developing demand of the logistics in our country and the research status of logistics network theory at home and abroad, in this dissertation, the logistics network is researched deeply again from the angle of macro-analysis. Through the researches about the dissipative structure and entropy of the logistics network, three operation mechanisms of logistics network including the resources integration, the dynamic alliance and the collaborative optimization are got out, which is useful for the run of logistics network, and the operation mode of logistics network is built up based on it. The main researches in this dissertation are as follows:
1. The logistics network is researched deeply again from the angle of macro-analysis. The logistics network is defined again, and it is made from the transverse networks including logistics infrastructure network, logistics organization network and logistics information network and the lengthways networks including logistics demand network, logistics function network and target customer network, which is a crossed network system.
2. The operation mode of logistics network system is built up based on the dissipative structure of logistics network. Through the analysis about the entropy of the logistics network, three operation mechanisms of logistics network including the resources integration, the dynamic alliance and the collaborative optimization are got out, which can reduce the information entropy, the structure entropy and the operation entropy of logistics network markedly, and make logistics network run more harmoniously.
3. The three-stage integration mode of logistics network resources is brought up. The logistics resources are integrated in the solid network framework with a clear frame and a definite function through the integration of systemic factors, the transverse integration of logistics network resources and the lengthways integration of logistics network resources, and the three-dimensional model of logistics network resources integration is built up.
4. The logistics network dynamic alliance and the logistics network function body based on fractal agent theory are brought up. The organization mode of the logistics network dynamic alliance based on fractal agent and the corresponding mechanism of the logistics network dynamic alliance based on Multi-Agent are brought up through alliance organizing and decision-making for the network resources from the basic functional units of logistics network resources.
5. The cooperative framework of logistics network system is established based on Multi-Agent. The forming mechanism of logistics network cooperation is analyzed from three successive stages including the cooperation of logistics network resources, the harmony of subsystems and the cooperation of whole system, and the optimum model of logistics network cooperation is designed.
The dissipative structure and entropy theory are the foundation of this dissertation, and the goal of the research is to form the ordered operation mode of logistics network system and make optimum use of it. The optimum configures and cooperation of logistics network resources are realized through forming the logistics network function body in the run of the logistics network. In this dissertation, three connections are researched including the cooperation among inner resources of the function body, the harmony between the function body and the enterprises and the cooperation among the function body, and the three connections and the three operation mechanisms including the integration of logistics network resources, the dynamic alliance and the collaborative optimization are connected for the optimum researches from the basic functional units to the whole system of logistics network. The researches about the operation mode and mechanism of logistics network put the unitary thought of logistics network in logistics system, and the ordered run of logistics network can not only enhance the agility and harmony of the logistics network resources, and improve the serving efficiency to make optimum use of the limited logistics network resources, but also provide new theoretical researches for exerting the whole performance of logistics network and heightening the serving level of logistics network.
引文
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