基于可追溯系统的畜产品质量安全评价体系研究
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摘要
随着社会发展和人们生活水平的提高,畜产品消费量持续上升。然而由畜产品质量问题引发的中毒、污染事件也日益增多,直接影响到消费者及环境的安全,引起了全社会的广泛关注。由于缺乏生产信息的有效传递,消费者很难从最终产品了解其安全品质。就畜产品风险而言,全世界都在宏观层面上广泛展开了安全评估工作,但大多数是基于单一的畜产品毒害风险因素的物理、化学危害后果以及质量保障规制进行的,对生产过程中所隐含的风险微观评价研究更少。因此,完善的畜产品可追溯及安全评价系统作为食品质量安全管理的有效手段,越来越受到政府职能部门和消费者的普遍关注。
本文根据我国畜产品可追溯链实际情况,研究和构建符合我国国情的畜产品安全追溯系统及安全评价系统,使其能够对畜产品可追溯链中反映质量安全的信息进行有效的跟踪、追溯和评价。主要内容和结果如下：
1)通过深入挖掘个体标识、数据存储、追溯定位、地域分析、检测控制等畜产品安全可追溯系统的关键因素及条码、RFID(射频识别)等各个自动识别技术特点,并进行对比,提出符合多类畜产品安全评价追溯系统各个环节关键要素及技术。应用各环节关键技术,详细构建了由标识追溯管理、个体追溯管理、污染物追溯管理和原产地追溯管理等模块组成的畜产品安全可追溯系统。根据风险三维结构模式,基于直积建立“流程—组分—风险”的三维框架模型。在该框架下,利用FD(强制确定法)法和AHP(层次分析法)法,提出基于风险性态的框架模块系统,研究并设计出畜产品安全评价指标集。
2)对于散养环节,基于构造的模块系统,参照GB(国家强制性国家标准)、HACCP(危害分析和关键控制点)、GMP(良好操作规范)、SSOP(卫生操作标准程序)等标准和质量控制模式研究并设计出散养过程应对能力风险、科技认知风险、养殖信用质量风险安全评价指标系统。
3)改进限制容差关系,改善了限制容差关系粗糙集的分类精度和质量,建立基于限制容差关系粗糙集的畜产品风险决策模型。
4)在提高限制容差关系粗糙集的分类精度和质量基础上,建立基于限制容差关系粗糙集的畜产品风险决策模型。
5)在分析畜产品生产企业风险影响因素的基础上,建立基于限制优势粗糙集的畜产品风险预警模型。
6)整合上述各单元安全评价可追朔系统,形成具有各类畜产品质量安全评价、可追朔的风险预警、风险决策综合管理系统。
The consumption of animal by-products has been continuing to rise with the development of society and growth in people's living standard. However, an increasing number of safety problems like poisoning and polluting have been triggered because of the quality problem of animal by-products, which directly influences consumers'health and environmental security. Eventually, it has aroused widespread concern in the whole society. Consumers find hard to get to know food quality for lacking of effective delivery of animal by-products manufacturing information. Confronting with the animal by-products risks, many researches on safety evaluation have been doing from the macroscopic perspective. But most of them just focus on the study of physicochemical harmful consequences caused by one specific animal by-product poisonous risk factors and on the research of its quality assurance regulations, not to mention the microscopic evaluation research on implied risks in the process of production. Therefore, the construction of one sound animal by-products traceability system and safety evaluation system is of great significance towards the management of food quality and safety, which has been becoming a matter of urgent concern by the government and consumers.
In accordance with China's situations of animal by-products traceability chain, this paper does research and tries to construct animal by-products safety traceability system and safety assessment system which are compatible with China's situations. By the construction of these systems, it can be easily and effectively tracking and assessing, if some unsafe information in the animal by-products traceability chain coming out. The paper hereby displays the main contents and important achievements as fowllows:
1) Via deeply analyzing and comparing the key factors and barcodes like individual identification, datastorage, trace positioning, terrain analysis, detection control, etc. relative to animal by-products safety traceability system, and digging into and comparing every automatic identification technologies like RFID, this paper puts forwards various key factors and technologies conforming to every links of animal by-products safety evaluation traceability system. By applying these key technologies in every link, it constructs the animal by-products safety traceability system which is composed of identification traceability management, individual traceability management, pollutant traceability management, provenance traceability management, etc. It sets up3-D frame model, namely, process, component, and risk. Under this modal, by using the methods of FD and AHP, it proposes risk-based framework model system and works out animal by-products safety evaluation index set.
2) As for free-ranging link, based on the above framework model system, and by the reference to the standards and quality control mode research of GB, HACCP, GMP, SSOP, etc, this paper devises safety evaluation index system towards risk resisting ability, science&technology cognitive risk and breeding credit&d quality risk in the process of free-ranging.
3) This paper improves limited tolerance relation, perfects its rough set classification accuracy and quality, and builds animal by-products risk decision-making model on the basis of limited tolerance relation rough set.
4) On the basis of improving the classification accuracy and quality of limited tolerance relation rough set, this paper sets up animal by-products risk decision-making model on the basis of limited tolerance relation rough set.
5) On the basis of analyzing risk factors of animal by-products manufacturing enterprises, it constructs animal by-products risk prediction model based on limited dominance rough set.
6) Based on the above mentioned safety evaluation traceability system, it constructs comprehensive management system obtaining various animal by-products quality safety evaluation, traceable risk prediction and risk decision-making.
本文根据我国畜产品可追溯链实际情况,研究和构建符合我国国情的畜产品安全追溯系统及安全评价系统,使其能够对畜产品可追溯链中反映质量安全的信息进行有效的跟踪、追溯和评价。主要内容和结果如下：
1)通过深入挖掘个体标识、数据存储、追溯定位、地域分析、检测控制等畜产品安全可追溯系统的关键因素及条码、RFID(射频识别)等各个自动识别技术特点,并进行对比,提出符合多类畜产品安全评价追溯系统各个环节关键要素及技术。应用各环节关键技术,详细构建了由标识追溯管理、个体追溯管理、污染物追溯管理和原产地追溯管理等模块组成的畜产品安全可追溯系统。根据风险三维结构模式,基于直积建立“流程—组分—风险”的三维框架模型。在该框架下,利用FD(强制确定法)法和AHP(层次分析法)法,提出基于风险性态的框架模块系统,研究并设计出畜产品安全评价指标集。
2)对于散养环节,基于构造的模块系统,参照GB(国家强制性国家标准)、HACCP(危害分析和关键控制点)、GMP(良好操作规范)、SSOP(卫生操作标准程序)等标准和质量控制模式研究并设计出散养过程应对能力风险、科技认知风险、养殖信用质量风险安全评价指标系统。
3)改进限制容差关系,改善了限制容差关系粗糙集的分类精度和质量,建立基于限制容差关系粗糙集的畜产品风险决策模型。
4)在提高限制容差关系粗糙集的分类精度和质量基础上,建立基于限制容差关系粗糙集的畜产品风险决策模型。
5)在分析畜产品生产企业风险影响因素的基础上,建立基于限制优势粗糙集的畜产品风险预警模型。
6)整合上述各单元安全评价可追朔系统,形成具有各类畜产品质量安全评价、可追朔的风险预警、风险决策综合管理系统。
The consumption of animal by-products has been continuing to rise with the development of society and growth in people's living standard. However, an increasing number of safety problems like poisoning and polluting have been triggered because of the quality problem of animal by-products, which directly influences consumers'health and environmental security. Eventually, it has aroused widespread concern in the whole society. Consumers find hard to get to know food quality for lacking of effective delivery of animal by-products manufacturing information. Confronting with the animal by-products risks, many researches on safety evaluation have been doing from the macroscopic perspective. But most of them just focus on the study of physicochemical harmful consequences caused by one specific animal by-product poisonous risk factors and on the research of its quality assurance regulations, not to mention the microscopic evaluation research on implied risks in the process of production. Therefore, the construction of one sound animal by-products traceability system and safety evaluation system is of great significance towards the management of food quality and safety, which has been becoming a matter of urgent concern by the government and consumers.
In accordance with China's situations of animal by-products traceability chain, this paper does research and tries to construct animal by-products safety traceability system and safety assessment system which are compatible with China's situations. By the construction of these systems, it can be easily and effectively tracking and assessing, if some unsafe information in the animal by-products traceability chain coming out. The paper hereby displays the main contents and important achievements as fowllows:
1) Via deeply analyzing and comparing the key factors and barcodes like individual identification, datastorage, trace positioning, terrain analysis, detection control, etc. relative to animal by-products safety traceability system, and digging into and comparing every automatic identification technologies like RFID, this paper puts forwards various key factors and technologies conforming to every links of animal by-products safety evaluation traceability system. By applying these key technologies in every link, it constructs the animal by-products safety traceability system which is composed of identification traceability management, individual traceability management, pollutant traceability management, provenance traceability management, etc. It sets up3-D frame model, namely, process, component, and risk. Under this modal, by using the methods of FD and AHP, it proposes risk-based framework model system and works out animal by-products safety evaluation index set.
2) As for free-ranging link, based on the above framework model system, and by the reference to the standards and quality control mode research of GB, HACCP, GMP, SSOP, etc, this paper devises safety evaluation index system towards risk resisting ability, science&technology cognitive risk and breeding credit&d quality risk in the process of free-ranging.
3) This paper improves limited tolerance relation, perfects its rough set classification accuracy and quality, and builds animal by-products risk decision-making model on the basis of limited tolerance relation rough set.
4) On the basis of improving the classification accuracy and quality of limited tolerance relation rough set, this paper sets up animal by-products risk decision-making model on the basis of limited tolerance relation rough set.
5) On the basis of analyzing risk factors of animal by-products manufacturing enterprises, it constructs animal by-products risk prediction model based on limited dominance rough set.
6) Based on the above mentioned safety evaluation traceability system, it constructs comprehensive management system obtaining various animal by-products quality safety evaluation, traceable risk prediction and risk decision-making.
引文
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