湖沥青改性沥青作用机理及混合料性能研究
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摘要
特立尼达湖沥青（Trinidad LakeAsphalt，简称湖沥青）中含有地沥青和灰分，由于其独特的优异性质，已经得到广泛的应用。但对地沥青和灰分的作用，特别是灰分的特殊作用还没有得到充分认识，且针对湖沥青在中国南方地区的应用还没有建立相应沥青和混合料的评价指标和标准。为此，本文研究了湖沥青改性沥青机理以及灰分和地沥青对湖沥青改性沥青性能的影响，提出了湖沥青改性沥青的评价指标。在此基础上分析了影响湖沥青改性沥青混合料的各种因素，提出了湖沥青改性沥青混合料评价指标和技术要求。通过研究得出以下结论：
（1）湖沥青中地沥青对不同基质沥青的改性效果与基质沥青的种类关系显著，对试验温度条件相对不敏感；灰分较小的粒径和较大的比表面积，导致湖沥青改性沥青内部产生较大的比粘附功，该比粘附功是湖沥青改性沥青具有较好的高温性能的重要原因之一，揭示了湖沥青对基质沥青改性机理。
（2）灰分对沥青胶浆性能的改善，约15%的作用是由于灰分作为填料，约85%的作用是灰分作为一种改性剂所致；随着湖沥青掺量的增加，灰分对提高湖沥青改性沥青车辙因子的作用逐步减小，地沥青对提高车辙因子的作用在逐步增加；在湖沥青改性沥青中灰分作为填料提高车辙因子的作用约为6.8%，湖沥青整体作为改性剂提高车辙因子的作用约为93.2%。在进行湖沥青改性沥青的DSR试验时，其试验结果应乘以系数0.932，以扣除灰分作为填料而非改性剂的影响。
（3）湖沥青改性沥青制件过程中灰分的沉淀对湖沥青改性沥青常规指标检测结果的影响较大，因此沥青的常规指标不宜用来评价湖沥青改性沥青；SHRP研究成果的PG分级方法，可对湖沥青改性沥青进行有效评价，不同湖沥青改性沥青的PG分级指标差异显著；据此提出了湖沥青改性沥青在我国南方地区PG分级指标的技术要求。
（4）湖沥青掺加工艺、湖沥青掺量、级配和基质沥青种类四个因素，对湖沥青改性沥青混合料高温性能影响的大小依次为：湖沥青掺加工艺>湖沥青掺量>混合料级配>基质沥青种类。
（5）灰分作为沥青混合料的填料，可有效改善沥青混合料的高温稳定性，相对于一般矿粉，沥青混合料动稳定度可提高约50%；同时考虑高温性能与水稳定性能时，在湖沥青改性沥青混合料设计中应将灰分作为外加剂，不考虑其对沥青混合料级配的影响。
（6）湖沥青改性沥青混合料设计的方法总体采用马歇尔法；湖沥青改性沥青混合料成型过程中，湖沥青的掺加工艺应采用“干法”；湖沥青改性沥青混合料在我国南方地区高温稳定性指标采用动稳定度指标评价，水稳定性指标采用残留稳定度、冻融劈裂强度比指标评价；提出了湖沥青改性沥青混合料在该地区的高温稳定性和水稳定性评价指标的技术要求。
Trinidad Lake Asphalt has been utilized wildly due to its special excellent properties.However, there are asphaltite and ash existing in Trinidad Lake Asphalt, in which the specialeffect of ash has not been known enough. Also, there is no evaluation system of asphaltbinder and asphalt mixture of Trinidad Lake Asphalt application in the southern China. In thepresent study, the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modification mechanism was investigated firstly,and the influences of ash and asphaltite on the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt wereanalyzed. The evaluation indexes of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified binder were proposedbased on the above study. Thereafter, the factors influencing the performance of TrinidadLake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture were analyzed and discussed. On the basis of thementioned work, the evaluation system of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt mixtureand mixture design method were established. And they were applied in the real project. Thefollowing conclusions were drawn on the basis of the study.
(1) The modification results of asphaltite in Trinidad Lake Asphalt on different baseasphalts are depent on the type of the base asphalts significantly. And this effect is notsensitive with the experimental temperatures. Smaller size of larger specific surface area ofash result in the bigger specific work of adhesion within the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modifiedbinder. And this is one of the main reasons that the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified binderhas good high temperature performance.
(2) The performance of asphalt mortar is improved by adding ash, in which about15%influence is ash as a filler (larger specific area), and about85%influence is ash as anmodifier in this system. With the increase of Trinidad Lake Asphalt content, the contributionof ash on the rutting factor of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt is reducing gradually,and the influence of asphaltite on the rutting factor is increasing. The effect of the ash as afiller in the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt improving the rutting factor is about6.8%, and the effect of the Trinidad Lake Asphalt as a modifier is about93.2%. In the DSRtest of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt, the rest results need multiply the factor of0.932to remove the influence of as as filler, not as a modifier.
(3) The ash deposition during the sample preparation of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modifiedasphalt has a great influence on the routing indices, which are not appropriate to evaluate theTrinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt. The PG test of SHRP research achievement canevaluate the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt effectively. Different modified asphaltshave significant difference of PG indices. TAL modified asphalt in South China application technical requirements of PG are proposed.
(4) The adding process has the most influence on the performance of the Trinidad LakeAsphalt modified asphalt mixture; the next two are the addition of Trinidad Lake Asphalt andgradation, respectively. The type of base asphalts has the least influence on the performanceof the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture.
(5) Ash as asphalt mixture filling, which can effectively improve the high-temperaturestability of asphalt mixture, relative to the general powder, asphalt mixture dynamic stabilitycan be improved about50%.Taking the high temperature performance and water stabilityinto account, the ash in the Trinidad Lake Asphalt should be considered as an additive duringthe Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture design, in which the effect of it on themixture gradation is ignored.
(6) Marshall method is adopted as the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified mixture designmethod. The dry processing of Trinidad Lake Asphalt addition is applied in the preparationof Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture. In the evaluation indices of TrinidadLake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture in South China, the dynamic stability is selected toevaluate the high temperature performance; and the residue stability and freezing-thawingsplit strength is chosen as the water stability index. And the specific technical requirementsof high temperature stability and water stability for Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphaltmixture in South China are proposed.
（1）湖沥青中地沥青对不同基质沥青的改性效果与基质沥青的种类关系显著，对试验温度条件相对不敏感；灰分较小的粒径和较大的比表面积，导致湖沥青改性沥青内部产生较大的比粘附功，该比粘附功是湖沥青改性沥青具有较好的高温性能的重要原因之一，揭示了湖沥青对基质沥青改性机理。
（2）灰分对沥青胶浆性能的改善，约15%的作用是由于灰分作为填料，约85%的作用是灰分作为一种改性剂所致；随着湖沥青掺量的增加，灰分对提高湖沥青改性沥青车辙因子的作用逐步减小，地沥青对提高车辙因子的作用在逐步增加；在湖沥青改性沥青中灰分作为填料提高车辙因子的作用约为6.8%，湖沥青整体作为改性剂提高车辙因子的作用约为93.2%。在进行湖沥青改性沥青的DSR试验时，其试验结果应乘以系数0.932，以扣除灰分作为填料而非改性剂的影响。
（3）湖沥青改性沥青制件过程中灰分的沉淀对湖沥青改性沥青常规指标检测结果的影响较大，因此沥青的常规指标不宜用来评价湖沥青改性沥青；SHRP研究成果的PG分级方法，可对湖沥青改性沥青进行有效评价，不同湖沥青改性沥青的PG分级指标差异显著；据此提出了湖沥青改性沥青在我国南方地区PG分级指标的技术要求。
（4）湖沥青掺加工艺、湖沥青掺量、级配和基质沥青种类四个因素，对湖沥青改性沥青混合料高温性能影响的大小依次为：湖沥青掺加工艺>湖沥青掺量>混合料级配>基质沥青种类。
（5）灰分作为沥青混合料的填料，可有效改善沥青混合料的高温稳定性，相对于一般矿粉，沥青混合料动稳定度可提高约50%；同时考虑高温性能与水稳定性能时，在湖沥青改性沥青混合料设计中应将灰分作为外加剂，不考虑其对沥青混合料级配的影响。
（6）湖沥青改性沥青混合料设计的方法总体采用马歇尔法；湖沥青改性沥青混合料成型过程中，湖沥青的掺加工艺应采用“干法”；湖沥青改性沥青混合料在我国南方地区高温稳定性指标采用动稳定度指标评价，水稳定性指标采用残留稳定度、冻融劈裂强度比指标评价；提出了湖沥青改性沥青混合料在该地区的高温稳定性和水稳定性评价指标的技术要求。
Trinidad Lake Asphalt has been utilized wildly due to its special excellent properties.However, there are asphaltite and ash existing in Trinidad Lake Asphalt, in which the specialeffect of ash has not been known enough. Also, there is no evaluation system of asphaltbinder and asphalt mixture of Trinidad Lake Asphalt application in the southern China. In thepresent study, the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modification mechanism was investigated firstly,and the influences of ash and asphaltite on the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt wereanalyzed. The evaluation indexes of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified binder were proposedbased on the above study. Thereafter, the factors influencing the performance of TrinidadLake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture were analyzed and discussed. On the basis of thementioned work, the evaluation system of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt mixtureand mixture design method were established. And they were applied in the real project. Thefollowing conclusions were drawn on the basis of the study.
(1) The modification results of asphaltite in Trinidad Lake Asphalt on different baseasphalts are depent on the type of the base asphalts significantly. And this effect is notsensitive with the experimental temperatures. Smaller size of larger specific surface area ofash result in the bigger specific work of adhesion within the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modifiedbinder. And this is one of the main reasons that the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified binderhas good high temperature performance.
(2) The performance of asphalt mortar is improved by adding ash, in which about15%influence is ash as a filler (larger specific area), and about85%influence is ash as anmodifier in this system. With the increase of Trinidad Lake Asphalt content, the contributionof ash on the rutting factor of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt is reducing gradually,and the influence of asphaltite on the rutting factor is increasing. The effect of the ash as afiller in the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt improving the rutting factor is about6.8%, and the effect of the Trinidad Lake Asphalt as a modifier is about93.2%. In the DSRtest of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt, the rest results need multiply the factor of0.932to remove the influence of as as filler, not as a modifier.
(3) The ash deposition during the sample preparation of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modifiedasphalt has a great influence on the routing indices, which are not appropriate to evaluate theTrinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt. The PG test of SHRP research achievement canevaluate the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt effectively. Different modified asphaltshave significant difference of PG indices. TAL modified asphalt in South China application technical requirements of PG are proposed.
(4) The adding process has the most influence on the performance of the Trinidad LakeAsphalt modified asphalt mixture; the next two are the addition of Trinidad Lake Asphalt andgradation, respectively. The type of base asphalts has the least influence on the performanceof the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture.
(5) Ash as asphalt mixture filling, which can effectively improve the high-temperaturestability of asphalt mixture, relative to the general powder, asphalt mixture dynamic stabilitycan be improved about50%.Taking the high temperature performance and water stabilityinto account, the ash in the Trinidad Lake Asphalt should be considered as an additive duringthe Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture design, in which the effect of it on themixture gradation is ignored.
(6) Marshall method is adopted as the Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified mixture designmethod. The dry processing of Trinidad Lake Asphalt addition is applied in the preparationof Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture. In the evaluation indices of TrinidadLake Asphalt modified asphalt mixture in South China, the dynamic stability is selected toevaluate the high temperature performance; and the residue stability and freezing-thawingsplit strength is chosen as the water stability index. And the specific technical requirementsof high temperature stability and water stability for Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified asphaltmixture in South China are proposed.
引文
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