涂布白板纸的吸塑包装性能及其剥离强度研究
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摘要
真空吸塑包装是20世纪80年代发展起来的包装新技术，这种新型包装有着节省材料、轻便、密封性好的优点，且符合绿色环保的要求，而且被包装产品透明可见，因此被广泛应用于电子产品或小商品的包装领域。涂布白板纸作为吸塑包装行业最常用的包装材料，其用量也在迅速增长。一般包装印刷企业在生产纸类吸塑包装时，只为客户提供吸塑纸，最终由客户装上产品，将塑料泡罩与纸张粘合后完成整个包装过程。这类产品最容易出现的质量异常就是吸塑不良。通常，对纸类吸塑包装是否合格的判定标准是：撕开吸塑罩时能带破接触面三分之二以上的纸张表面。因此吸塑时，当其它条件如温度、压强、吸塑油用量、吸塑泡罩等一定时，吸塑效果的好坏主要取决于涂布纸板的性能。
在实际的吸塑包装中，吸塑油在涂布纸内部的渗透深度以及涂层表面强度对吸塑效果有着非常重要的影响，而这两个性能又受到纸张表面涂层结构的影响。本论文采用激光共聚焦显微镜，以荧光染料罗丹明-B为示踪对象添加到吸塑油中，对吸塑油渗透深度进行定量化表征，研究涂布原料及工艺等因素对纸张表面性能和吸塑油渗透的影响，并最终对吸塑包装性能的影响。论文通过分析纸张性能与吸塑剥离的相关性，建立吸塑剥离强度的预测模型，并结合目测评价方法，希望能在印刷前预测纸张的吸塑效果，减小吸塑不牢故障的发生，节约成本。
实验得到，碳酸钙颗粒的平均粒径明显小于高岭土的平均粒径，因此碳酸钙涂层中颜料粒子结合的更加紧密，表面平滑、孔隙率小、吸塑油的渗透深度较小，表面强度最大，吸塑剥离强度较大。胶黏剂用量的增加能明显减小纸张表面的孔隙率，降低吸塑油渗透深度，增加表面强度和吸塑剥离强度。涂料固含量和干燥温度的增加，均使得涂布纸样的表面粗糙度、纸张孔隙率以及吸塑油的渗透深度逐渐降低，表面强度逐渐增大，当固含量为50%时和干燥温度为110℃时，纸样的吸塑剥离强度达到单因素变化的最大值。压光作用使纸张的表面性能发生了很大的变化，压光后，纸张粗糙度、表面孔隙率、油墨吸收值、吸塑油渗透都明显下降，表面强度和吸塑剥离强度则有较大幅度的增加。
吸塑油涂布厚度为7.5μm时，其向纸层内部实际的渗透深度以及吸塑剥离强度最大，再增加吸塑油涂布厚度，其渗透深度和剥离强度变化不大。在稀释剂种类相同的情况下，增加稀释剂的量可以增加吸塑油的渗透深度以及吸塑剥离强度。印刷网点覆盖率或印刷墨层厚度的增加都可阻碍吸塑油向纸层中的渗透，同时也使得吸塑剥离强度总体呈现减小的趋势。
纸张表面强度对吸塑包装效果影响很大。表面强度主要用来评估纤维的粘结能力，它不能完全真实的反映纸张的掉粉掉毛倾向。在相同造纸原料和抄造条件下，在合理的范围内单纯的增加成纸的水分含量或提高纸张的紧度或增加纸张的层间结合强度都能相应的提高纸张的表面强度。由木浆纤维为主抄造的纸样其表面强度相对高于由竹浆、草浆为主抄造的纸张。提高纸浆中中长纤维的比例，减少细小纤维及长纤维含量，能明显提高纸张的表面强度。纸张表面疏松物的结果能直接反映印刷掉粉掉毛的程度，通常来说，纸张表面疏松物较多，表面强度会下降。
涂布纸的表面粗糙度、油墨吸收性、表面强度以及吸塑油的渗透深度都与吸塑包装的剥离强度线性相关，且纸张的表面强度和吸塑油渗透深度的乘积与剥离强度之间有更好的线性关系。通过验证，吸塑剥离强度预测模型Y=2.931X1-0.014X2+0.728X3-2.609计算得到的值与实际测量得到的剥离强度的误差在5%左右或以内，该模型具有一定的可行性。结合目测观察被剥离纸层的多少以及是否连续剥离的程度，可综合评价纸张的吸塑包装效果。
真空镀铝纸的表面封闭、油墨吸收性极低、表面张力较小等各项指标同时说明吸塑油在其表面很难附着，且很难渗透进入纸张内部，因此无法粘结纸张各层，使得剥离时只能从吸塑油层撕开，不能撕破任何纸层而达到合格的吸塑包装效果，吸塑剥离强度极低。所以，目前来看，真空镀铝纸还不适用于吸塑包装行业。
As a new technique developed in the1980s, vacuum blister package not only boasts of fewermaterial costs, light weight, high barrier and environmental friendliness but also guaranteesthe interior products readily visible, therefore contributory to its widespread use amongelectronic products or small commodities. Hence, coated white cardboard, the most popularpackaging material in blister package, also witnesses increasing extensive applications.Since packaging process is always completed by clients that load in the products and adherethe blister pack to the cardboard due to mere provision of blister paper by package printingenterprises manufacturing paper blister packages, quality concern most common to blisterpaper is poor seal. In light of the criteria for qualified paper blister packages that over2/3contact paper surface are torn apart while peeling the blister packs, effect of blisterpredominantly depends on the property of coated white cardboard when such conditions astemperature, pressure, blister varnish and blister packs remain consistent.
In blister packaging practices, blister outcomes were greatly anchored to the permeationdepth into coated paper by blister varnish and the surface strength of the coating and thesetwo properties in turn were impacted by the coating structure at the paper surface. Thereby,this paper, proceeding from a quantitative representation of permeation depth of blistervarnish under laser scanning confocal microscope (CLSM) and with added fluorochromeRhodamine B as the tracer, aimed to study the impact of coating material and process onpaper surface property and blister varnish permeation, and ultimately the impact on blisterpackaging. In the meantime, this paper was committed to the establishment of a predicativemodel on blister peeling strength through analysis about the relationship between paperproperty and blister peeling, which could in combination with visual evaluation predict blisteroutcomes of the paper prior to printing so as to minimize poor blister and save costs.
Since calcium carbonate particles were found with obviously smaller median particlesize than kaolin in laboratories, calcium carbonate coating was unveiled more closely attachedin dye particles, smooth in surface, lower in porosity and shallow in permeation depth ofblister varnish but manifested with the highest surface strength that resulted in more powerfulblister peeling strength. Increases of adhesive dosage could lead to remarkable decreases ofpaper surface porosity and blister varnish permeation depth but proved capable of enhancingsurface strength and blister peeling strength. Higher coating solid contents and dryingtemperature could attenuate surface roughness, porosity and blister varnish permeation depth of the coating paper but could upgrade surface strength and maximize the single factor changeof blister peeling strength when the solid content was kept at50%and drying temperature at110℃. Calendering exerted significant changes on paper surface properties which wasdisclosed to remarkably tone down paper roughness, surface porosity, ink sorption and blistervarnish permeation but distinctly drive up surface strength and blister peeling strength.
Besides, increasingly thick blister coating prompted initially extensions of actualpermeability depth inside the paper but then fluctuate at a higher level, which simultaneouslycould induce similar changes of blister peeling strength. Under the circumstance of the sametype of diluent, greater dosage could increase blister varnish permeation depth and augmentblister peeling strength. Nevertheless, more extensive printing screen dots or thicker printingink layers were found to obstruct permeation of blister oil into the paper and render an overalldecrease tendency of blister peeling strength.
Moreover, blister packaging outcome was greatly confined by the paper surface strength.Surface strength which is mainly used for evaluation of the fiber’s bonding capacity, can notdeliver a completely faithful reflection of linting and dusting tendency. With the samemanufacturing materials and conditions, mere augmentation of the water content in finishedpaper or paper compactness or paper interlayer bonding strength within reasonable rangescould elicit corresponding increases of paper surface strength, with paper manufactured fromwood pulp higher than that from bamboo pulp or grass pulp. Increased ratio of mediumfiber to long fiber in the pulp and decreased quantity of fiber fines and long fiber wererevealed able to distinctly improve paper surface strength. In addition, the loose contents atthe paper surface offered a direct telling of linting and dusting degree, indicating that the moreloose contents at the paper surface, the lower the surface strength.
Overall, the surface roughness, ink sorption, surface strength and blister varnishpermeation depth of the coating paper are unveiled in linear correlations with blister peelingstrength and moreover, the multiplication of the surface strength by peeling strength in betterlinear correlation with blister peeling strength. Predicative model on blister peeling strengthY=2.931X1-0.014X2+0.728X3-2.609is verified with about5%error margin between itscalculation values and actual measurement values, suggestive of some feasibility.Additionally, the model combined with visual observation about peeled paper layers andpeeling consistency could assess blister packaging effect of the paper in a comprehensivemanner.
In addition, sealed in surface, extremely poor in ink sorption and relatively low insurface tension, vacuum aluminum-plating paper is demonstrated hard for blister varnish to attach at the surface and to permeate inside, so the multiple layers of paper can not be adheredand only the blister oil layer is stripped at peeling. Therefore, effective blister packaging cannot be materialized, which suggests it of ultra-low blister peeling strength. Consequently,vacuum aluminum-plating paper is not applicable in blister packing industry.
在实际的吸塑包装中，吸塑油在涂布纸内部的渗透深度以及涂层表面强度对吸塑效果有着非常重要的影响，而这两个性能又受到纸张表面涂层结构的影响。本论文采用激光共聚焦显微镜，以荧光染料罗丹明-B为示踪对象添加到吸塑油中，对吸塑油渗透深度进行定量化表征，研究涂布原料及工艺等因素对纸张表面性能和吸塑油渗透的影响，并最终对吸塑包装性能的影响。论文通过分析纸张性能与吸塑剥离的相关性，建立吸塑剥离强度的预测模型，并结合目测评价方法，希望能在印刷前预测纸张的吸塑效果，减小吸塑不牢故障的发生，节约成本。
实验得到，碳酸钙颗粒的平均粒径明显小于高岭土的平均粒径，因此碳酸钙涂层中颜料粒子结合的更加紧密，表面平滑、孔隙率小、吸塑油的渗透深度较小，表面强度最大，吸塑剥离强度较大。胶黏剂用量的增加能明显减小纸张表面的孔隙率，降低吸塑油渗透深度，增加表面强度和吸塑剥离强度。涂料固含量和干燥温度的增加，均使得涂布纸样的表面粗糙度、纸张孔隙率以及吸塑油的渗透深度逐渐降低，表面强度逐渐增大，当固含量为50%时和干燥温度为110℃时，纸样的吸塑剥离强度达到单因素变化的最大值。压光作用使纸张的表面性能发生了很大的变化，压光后，纸张粗糙度、表面孔隙率、油墨吸收值、吸塑油渗透都明显下降，表面强度和吸塑剥离强度则有较大幅度的增加。
吸塑油涂布厚度为7.5μm时，其向纸层内部实际的渗透深度以及吸塑剥离强度最大，再增加吸塑油涂布厚度，其渗透深度和剥离强度变化不大。在稀释剂种类相同的情况下，增加稀释剂的量可以增加吸塑油的渗透深度以及吸塑剥离强度。印刷网点覆盖率或印刷墨层厚度的增加都可阻碍吸塑油向纸层中的渗透，同时也使得吸塑剥离强度总体呈现减小的趋势。
纸张表面强度对吸塑包装效果影响很大。表面强度主要用来评估纤维的粘结能力，它不能完全真实的反映纸张的掉粉掉毛倾向。在相同造纸原料和抄造条件下，在合理的范围内单纯的增加成纸的水分含量或提高纸张的紧度或增加纸张的层间结合强度都能相应的提高纸张的表面强度。由木浆纤维为主抄造的纸样其表面强度相对高于由竹浆、草浆为主抄造的纸张。提高纸浆中中长纤维的比例，减少细小纤维及长纤维含量，能明显提高纸张的表面强度。纸张表面疏松物的结果能直接反映印刷掉粉掉毛的程度，通常来说，纸张表面疏松物较多，表面强度会下降。
涂布纸的表面粗糙度、油墨吸收性、表面强度以及吸塑油的渗透深度都与吸塑包装的剥离强度线性相关，且纸张的表面强度和吸塑油渗透深度的乘积与剥离强度之间有更好的线性关系。通过验证，吸塑剥离强度预测模型Y=2.931X1-0.014X2+0.728X3-2.609计算得到的值与实际测量得到的剥离强度的误差在5%左右或以内，该模型具有一定的可行性。结合目测观察被剥离纸层的多少以及是否连续剥离的程度，可综合评价纸张的吸塑包装效果。
真空镀铝纸的表面封闭、油墨吸收性极低、表面张力较小等各项指标同时说明吸塑油在其表面很难附着，且很难渗透进入纸张内部，因此无法粘结纸张各层，使得剥离时只能从吸塑油层撕开，不能撕破任何纸层而达到合格的吸塑包装效果，吸塑剥离强度极低。所以，目前来看，真空镀铝纸还不适用于吸塑包装行业。
As a new technique developed in the1980s, vacuum blister package not only boasts of fewermaterial costs, light weight, high barrier and environmental friendliness but also guaranteesthe interior products readily visible, therefore contributory to its widespread use amongelectronic products or small commodities. Hence, coated white cardboard, the most popularpackaging material in blister package, also witnesses increasing extensive applications.Since packaging process is always completed by clients that load in the products and adherethe blister pack to the cardboard due to mere provision of blister paper by package printingenterprises manufacturing paper blister packages, quality concern most common to blisterpaper is poor seal. In light of the criteria for qualified paper blister packages that over2/3contact paper surface are torn apart while peeling the blister packs, effect of blisterpredominantly depends on the property of coated white cardboard when such conditions astemperature, pressure, blister varnish and blister packs remain consistent.
In blister packaging practices, blister outcomes were greatly anchored to the permeationdepth into coated paper by blister varnish and the surface strength of the coating and thesetwo properties in turn were impacted by the coating structure at the paper surface. Thereby,this paper, proceeding from a quantitative representation of permeation depth of blistervarnish under laser scanning confocal microscope (CLSM) and with added fluorochromeRhodamine B as the tracer, aimed to study the impact of coating material and process onpaper surface property and blister varnish permeation, and ultimately the impact on blisterpackaging. In the meantime, this paper was committed to the establishment of a predicativemodel on blister peeling strength through analysis about the relationship between paperproperty and blister peeling, which could in combination with visual evaluation predict blisteroutcomes of the paper prior to printing so as to minimize poor blister and save costs.
Since calcium carbonate particles were found with obviously smaller median particlesize than kaolin in laboratories, calcium carbonate coating was unveiled more closely attachedin dye particles, smooth in surface, lower in porosity and shallow in permeation depth ofblister varnish but manifested with the highest surface strength that resulted in more powerfulblister peeling strength. Increases of adhesive dosage could lead to remarkable decreases ofpaper surface porosity and blister varnish permeation depth but proved capable of enhancingsurface strength and blister peeling strength. Higher coating solid contents and dryingtemperature could attenuate surface roughness, porosity and blister varnish permeation depth of the coating paper but could upgrade surface strength and maximize the single factor changeof blister peeling strength when the solid content was kept at50%and drying temperature at110℃. Calendering exerted significant changes on paper surface properties which wasdisclosed to remarkably tone down paper roughness, surface porosity, ink sorption and blistervarnish permeation but distinctly drive up surface strength and blister peeling strength.
Besides, increasingly thick blister coating prompted initially extensions of actualpermeability depth inside the paper but then fluctuate at a higher level, which simultaneouslycould induce similar changes of blister peeling strength. Under the circumstance of the sametype of diluent, greater dosage could increase blister varnish permeation depth and augmentblister peeling strength. Nevertheless, more extensive printing screen dots or thicker printingink layers were found to obstruct permeation of blister oil into the paper and render an overalldecrease tendency of blister peeling strength.
Moreover, blister packaging outcome was greatly confined by the paper surface strength.Surface strength which is mainly used for evaluation of the fiber’s bonding capacity, can notdeliver a completely faithful reflection of linting and dusting tendency. With the samemanufacturing materials and conditions, mere augmentation of the water content in finishedpaper or paper compactness or paper interlayer bonding strength within reasonable rangescould elicit corresponding increases of paper surface strength, with paper manufactured fromwood pulp higher than that from bamboo pulp or grass pulp. Increased ratio of mediumfiber to long fiber in the pulp and decreased quantity of fiber fines and long fiber wererevealed able to distinctly improve paper surface strength. In addition, the loose contents atthe paper surface offered a direct telling of linting and dusting degree, indicating that the moreloose contents at the paper surface, the lower the surface strength.
Overall, the surface roughness, ink sorption, surface strength and blister varnishpermeation depth of the coating paper are unveiled in linear correlations with blister peelingstrength and moreover, the multiplication of the surface strength by peeling strength in betterlinear correlation with blister peeling strength. Predicative model on blister peeling strengthY=2.931X1-0.014X2+0.728X3-2.609is verified with about5%error margin between itscalculation values and actual measurement values, suggestive of some feasibility.Additionally, the model combined with visual observation about peeled paper layers andpeeling consistency could assess blister packaging effect of the paper in a comprehensivemanner.
In addition, sealed in surface, extremely poor in ink sorption and relatively low insurface tension, vacuum aluminum-plating paper is demonstrated hard for blister varnish to attach at the surface and to permeate inside, so the multiple layers of paper can not be adheredand only the blister oil layer is stripped at peeling. Therefore, effective blister packaging cannot be materialized, which suggests it of ultra-low blister peeling strength. Consequently,vacuum aluminum-plating paper is not applicable in blister packing industry.
引文
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