新型光纤Bragg光栅解调系统研究
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摘要
FBG(Fiber Bragg Graing)传感器是目前光纤光栅传感领域的研究热点之一，其被广泛应用于大型复合材料和混凝土的结构监测，智能材料的性能监测，电力工业，医药和化工等领域。FBG的解调技术是当前FBG传感技术研究领域的重点和难点之一，目前国内不少部门和研究单位对其解调技术进行了很多研究，但是大多数处于实验室研究阶段，离实用化工程化，产品化的标准还有相当距离。
本文对光纤光栅传感器的基本理论和技术进行了系统的研究，主要内容包括：光栅的传感机理分析；对比分析了光纤光栅的常用解调方法，重点介绍了可调谐F-P滤波法解调原理；基于DSP解调系统的设计方法与实验验证。
首先对光纤光栅传感器的研究现状和发展趋势进行了回顾和展望。简单介绍了光栅的常用制作方法。系统分析了光纤Bragg光栅对温度、应变及压力的传感机理。
光纤光栅的解调技术是光纤光栅传感器的关键技术，本文讨论了光纤光栅的波长解调方法，包括匹配光栅法、可调谐F-P腔法、非平衡Mach-Zehnder干涉仪法和可调谐光源法等，详细分析了可调谐F-P滤波器的特性和解调原理提出了一种基于DSP的解调光纤光栅波长的可调谐法布里一珀罗腔解调方案。
DSP技术是目前高速信号处理的最有力工具。为了提高解调器的速度和精度，设计了基于TMS320VC5402的高速信号处理系统，详细讨论了DSP芯片的选型和系统设计方法。介绍了F-P腔驱动电压的生成方法，调试验证了其正确性与可靠性。根据当前多点传感FBG的良好应用前景，系统针对多点解调设计了一套解调算法，并在DSP上运行通过验证。为了配合高速的DSP和外围器件的接口，本系统采用了高速可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)来实现系统的逻辑控制。
DSP系统用户程序引导是DSP系统设计必须完成的任务。本文介绍了对FLASH存储器的操作方法和进行自举引导途径。
FBG sensor is one of the current heat research fields in the optical fiber grating sensor technique fields. It is widely applied in many fields such as the structure monitoring of the large compound material and the concrete, the performance monitoring of the intelligent materials, electric power industry, medicine, chemical engineering etc. The demodulation technique of the FBG is currently a critical and difficult problem in nowadays FBG censoring technique fields. Although a large number of researchers in domestic research units have been doing a lot of research and investigations on the demodulation methods of FBG, most of the researches are still in the phase of lab experiments and have not yet met the requirements of the practical industrial mass productions.
The fiber grating sensor theory and technology is systematically researched in this paper. The main content includes: the principle of fiber grating sensor; the analysis of several technologies of demodulation and the F-P filter demodulation is introduced in detail; the design of demodulation system based on DSP.
Firstly, the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors are reviewed. The method of fiber grating fabrication is introduced briefly.
The demodulation method of fiber grating is the key method of fiber grating sensor. The main demodulation method includes: grating matching method, tunable Fabry-Perot cavity method, non-balance Mach-Zehnder interferometer method and tunable narrow-band light source method. The tunable Fabry-Perot cavity method is discussed in detail, and a demodulation system based on DSP is put forward.
DSP technology is a powerful tool in signal processing fields. In order to implement the speed and accuracy of demodulation, TMS320VC5402 is used in the system. The design method of DSP and the F-P driving voltage is introduced in the thesis. In order to match the DSP, the system logic circuit is implement by Complex Programmable Logic Circiut.
Bootloader is required in DSP system, a new way to bootloader and the flash operation method are introduced in this paper.
本文对光纤光栅传感器的基本理论和技术进行了系统的研究，主要内容包括：光栅的传感机理分析；对比分析了光纤光栅的常用解调方法，重点介绍了可调谐F-P滤波法解调原理；基于DSP解调系统的设计方法与实验验证。
首先对光纤光栅传感器的研究现状和发展趋势进行了回顾和展望。简单介绍了光栅的常用制作方法。系统分析了光纤Bragg光栅对温度、应变及压力的传感机理。
光纤光栅的解调技术是光纤光栅传感器的关键技术，本文讨论了光纤光栅的波长解调方法，包括匹配光栅法、可调谐F-P腔法、非平衡Mach-Zehnder干涉仪法和可调谐光源法等，详细分析了可调谐F-P滤波器的特性和解调原理提出了一种基于DSP的解调光纤光栅波长的可调谐法布里一珀罗腔解调方案。
DSP技术是目前高速信号处理的最有力工具。为了提高解调器的速度和精度，设计了基于TMS320VC5402的高速信号处理系统，详细讨论了DSP芯片的选型和系统设计方法。介绍了F-P腔驱动电压的生成方法，调试验证了其正确性与可靠性。根据当前多点传感FBG的良好应用前景，系统针对多点解调设计了一套解调算法，并在DSP上运行通过验证。为了配合高速的DSP和外围器件的接口，本系统采用了高速可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)来实现系统的逻辑控制。
DSP系统用户程序引导是DSP系统设计必须完成的任务。本文介绍了对FLASH存储器的操作方法和进行自举引导途径。
FBG sensor is one of the current heat research fields in the optical fiber grating sensor technique fields. It is widely applied in many fields such as the structure monitoring of the large compound material and the concrete, the performance monitoring of the intelligent materials, electric power industry, medicine, chemical engineering etc. The demodulation technique of the FBG is currently a critical and difficult problem in nowadays FBG censoring technique fields. Although a large number of researchers in domestic research units have been doing a lot of research and investigations on the demodulation methods of FBG, most of the researches are still in the phase of lab experiments and have not yet met the requirements of the practical industrial mass productions.
The fiber grating sensor theory and technology is systematically researched in this paper. The main content includes: the principle of fiber grating sensor; the analysis of several technologies of demodulation and the F-P filter demodulation is introduced in detail; the design of demodulation system based on DSP.
Firstly, the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors are reviewed. The method of fiber grating fabrication is introduced briefly.
The demodulation method of fiber grating is the key method of fiber grating sensor. The main demodulation method includes: grating matching method, tunable Fabry-Perot cavity method, non-balance Mach-Zehnder interferometer method and tunable narrow-band light source method. The tunable Fabry-Perot cavity method is discussed in detail, and a demodulation system based on DSP is put forward.
DSP technology is a powerful tool in signal processing fields. In order to implement the speed and accuracy of demodulation, TMS320VC5402 is used in the system. The design method of DSP and the F-P driving voltage is introduced in the thesis. In order to match the DSP, the system logic circuit is implement by Complex Programmable Logic Circiut.
Bootloader is required in DSP system, a new way to bootloader and the flash operation method are introduced in this paper.
引文
[1] 贾宏志、李育林、忽满利．用可调法布里-珀罗腔测量光纤光栅波长[J]．激光杂志，2000．21(2)：58—61．
[2] 杨建良．表面贴装光纤布喇格光栅应变传感器．光通信技术，1996，20：170～173
[3] 张明德．欧洲光纤光栅感测器的应用与发展[J]．光讯，1999，76：23—29．
[4] 张雄伟、曹铁勇．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．电子工业出版社，2000．9
[5] 关柏鸥、葛春风、余有龙等．基于温度梯度的光纤光栅啁啾调谐．光子学报，1998，27(10)：936～938．
[6] 赵凯华、钟锡华．光学[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1983．
[7] 廖延彪．物理光学．北京：电子工业出版社，1986．91．
[8] 陈根祥．光致折射率调制光纤布喇格光栅的研究．北方交通大学，博士学位论文，1997：88-92．
[9] 顾皖仪、李国瑞．光纤通信系统．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000．12．
[10] 廖延彪．光纤传感发展近况．光电子技术与信息，2000年6月．
[11] 关柏鸥、刘志国、唐涛等．光纤光栅复用温度传感研究．光学学报，1999年，19(9)：1203～1206．
[12] 刘志国、张艺兵、王江等．可编程波长选择与扫描全光纤行波环形腔激光器．中国激光，1999，A26(6)：777～780．
[13] 田芊、毛献辉、孙利群．光电子技术及其进展．应用光学，2002年1月．
[14] 靳伟、廖延凯、张志鹏．导波光学传感器：原理与技术[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998．
[15] 廖延彪．光纤光学．北京：清化大学出版社，2003．9．
[16] 江毅、陈伟民、杨礼成等．光纤光栅用于应变温度传感初探．传感技术学报，1997，10(3)：43～47．
[17] 杜卫冲、郑建成．一种测定光纤光栅布拉格反射波长位移的简单方法．光学学报，1996．10．
[18] 黄建辉、赵洋．光纤布拉格光栅传感器实现应力测量的最新进展[J]．光电子·激光，2000，11(2)：217—220．
[19] 彭启錝．DSP与实时数字信号处理．成都：电子科技大学出版社，1998．
[20] 苏涛等．DSP实用技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．2002．
[21] 张雄伟、陈亮、徐光辉．DSP集成开发与应用实例．电子工业出版社．2002．
[22] 舒学文、张新亮、施伟等．基于光纤光栅的分布式传感器[J]．光通信技术，1997，22(4)：311-315．
[23] 程佩青．数字信号处理教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1995．
[24] 张雄伟、曹铁勇．DSP芯片地原理与开发应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
[25] 戴明桢．TMS320C54X数字信号处理器结构、原理及应用．南京：南京航空航天大学，2000．
[26] 刘益成．TMS320C54X DSP应用程序设计与开发．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002年．
[27] A．V奥本海姆．数字信号处理．北京：科技出版社，1981．
[28] Ferreira L A,Santos J L,Farahi F. Pseudoheterodyne demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating sensors using two matched gratings [J].IEEE Photonics Technology. Letters, 1997,9(4):487-489.
[29] Jackson D A,Ribeiro A B L,Reekie L,et al..Simple Multiplexing Scheme for Fiber-optic Grating Sensor Network[J]. Opt.Lett., 1993,18(14): 1192-1194
[30] Kersey A D,Davis M A,Patrick H J et al.Fiber Grating Sensors.J.Lightwave Technol., 1997,1518:1442～1463.
[31] Kashyap R.Fiber Bragg Gratings. San Diego:Academic press, 1999.
[32] Weis R S,Kersey A D,Berkoff T A. A four-element Fiber Gratings Sensor array with Phase sensitive Detection[J].IEEE.Photonics Tech,Lett.,1994,6 (12):1469-1472.
[33] Kersey A D.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Gratings Strain-sensor System with a Fiber Fabry-Perot Wave length Filter[J]. Optics Letters 1993.18 (16):1370.
[34] Ning Y N,Meldrum A, Shi W ,etal.Bragg Grating Sensing Instrument Using a tunable Fabry-perot Filter to Detect Wave length Variations[J].
Meas.Sci.&Technol. 1998.9(6)599-606.
[35] G.Meltz et al.Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transvers holographic method.Opt.Lett., 1989,14(15):823～825.
[36] Morey W .W.etal.Fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer using side exposed fiber Bragg gratings OFC'92,San Jose,Calif.,1991,Paper W A 2.
[37] northern photonics,Bragg gratings in optical fiber,Technical Notes Quebec,Canada 1996.
[38] RaoY J. In-fiber Bragg grating sensors [J].Meas. Sci.Technol., 1997,8:355.
[39] Ferdinand P, et al.Applications of Bragg grating sensors in Europe[A],Proc.of the Optical Fibers Sensors Conf.(OFS-12)[C].William sburg.V A,USA,1997,14-19
[40] Friebels P, et al.Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors:present and future application in smart structures [J]. Optics and Photonics News, 1998,8:33-37
[41] TMS320C54X DSP REFERRENCE SET VOL.1 (CPU AND PERIPHERALS), 1996.
[42] TMS320C54X DSP Refenence Set,Volume 1:CPU and Peripherals (literature number SPRU 131), Texas Instruments Ins. 1997.
[43] TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set.Volume 2: Mnemonic Instuction Set(literature nmber SPUR172), Texas Instruments Inc. 1996.
[44] TMS320C54X Asembly Language Tools Usuer Guide(literature number SPRU 102),Texas Instruments Inc. 1997.
[45] TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set:Volume 4:Applications Guide(literature number SPRU 173).Texas Instruments Inc. 1996.
[46] TMS320C54X Simulator Getting started. Texas Instruments Inc. 1996.
[2] 杨建良．表面贴装光纤布喇格光栅应变传感器．光通信技术，1996，20：170～173
[3] 张明德．欧洲光纤光栅感测器的应用与发展[J]．光讯，1999，76：23—29．
[4] 张雄伟、曹铁勇．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．电子工业出版社，2000．9
[5] 关柏鸥、葛春风、余有龙等．基于温度梯度的光纤光栅啁啾调谐．光子学报，1998，27(10)：936～938．
[6] 赵凯华、钟锡华．光学[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1983．
[7] 廖延彪．物理光学．北京：电子工业出版社，1986．91．
[8] 陈根祥．光致折射率调制光纤布喇格光栅的研究．北方交通大学，博士学位论文，1997：88-92．
[9] 顾皖仪、李国瑞．光纤通信系统．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000．12．
[10] 廖延彪．光纤传感发展近况．光电子技术与信息，2000年6月．
[11] 关柏鸥、刘志国、唐涛等．光纤光栅复用温度传感研究．光学学报，1999年，19(9)：1203～1206．
[12] 刘志国、张艺兵、王江等．可编程波长选择与扫描全光纤行波环形腔激光器．中国激光，1999，A26(6)：777～780．
[13] 田芊、毛献辉、孙利群．光电子技术及其进展．应用光学，2002年1月．
[14] 靳伟、廖延凯、张志鹏．导波光学传感器：原理与技术[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998．
[15] 廖延彪．光纤光学．北京：清化大学出版社，2003．9．
[16] 江毅、陈伟民、杨礼成等．光纤光栅用于应变温度传感初探．传感技术学报，1997，10(3)：43～47．
[17] 杜卫冲、郑建成．一种测定光纤光栅布拉格反射波长位移的简单方法．光学学报，1996．10．
[18] 黄建辉、赵洋．光纤布拉格光栅传感器实现应力测量的最新进展[J]．光电子·激光，2000，11(2)：217—220．
[19] 彭启錝．DSP与实时数字信号处理．成都：电子科技大学出版社，1998．
[20] 苏涛等．DSP实用技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．2002．
[21] 张雄伟、陈亮、徐光辉．DSP集成开发与应用实例．电子工业出版社．2002．
[22] 舒学文、张新亮、施伟等．基于光纤光栅的分布式传感器[J]．光通信技术，1997，22(4)：311-315．
[23] 程佩青．数字信号处理教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1995．
[24] 张雄伟、曹铁勇．DSP芯片地原理与开发应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
[25] 戴明桢．TMS320C54X数字信号处理器结构、原理及应用．南京：南京航空航天大学，2000．
[26] 刘益成．TMS320C54X DSP应用程序设计与开发．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002年．
[27] A．V奥本海姆．数字信号处理．北京：科技出版社，1981．
[28] Ferreira L A,Santos J L,Farahi F. Pseudoheterodyne demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating sensors using two matched gratings [J].IEEE Photonics Technology. Letters, 1997,9(4):487-489.
[29] Jackson D A,Ribeiro A B L,Reekie L,et al..Simple Multiplexing Scheme for Fiber-optic Grating Sensor Network[J]. Opt.Lett., 1993,18(14): 1192-1194
[30] Kersey A D,Davis M A,Patrick H J et al.Fiber Grating Sensors.J.Lightwave Technol., 1997,1518:1442～1463.
[31] Kashyap R.Fiber Bragg Gratings. San Diego:Academic press, 1999.
[32] Weis R S,Kersey A D,Berkoff T A. A four-element Fiber Gratings Sensor array with Phase sensitive Detection[J].IEEE.Photonics Tech,Lett.,1994,6 (12):1469-1472.
[33] Kersey A D.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Gratings Strain-sensor System with a Fiber Fabry-Perot Wave length Filter[J]. Optics Letters 1993.18 (16):1370.
[34] Ning Y N,Meldrum A, Shi W ,etal.Bragg Grating Sensing Instrument Using a tunable Fabry-perot Filter to Detect Wave length Variations[J].
Meas.Sci.&Technol. 1998.9(6)599-606.
[35] G.Meltz et al.Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transvers holographic method.Opt.Lett., 1989,14(15):823～825.
[36] Morey W .W.etal.Fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer using side exposed fiber Bragg gratings OFC'92,San Jose,Calif.,1991,Paper W A 2.
[37] northern photonics,Bragg gratings in optical fiber,Technical Notes Quebec,Canada 1996.
[38] RaoY J. In-fiber Bragg grating sensors [J].Meas. Sci.Technol., 1997,8:355.
[39] Ferdinand P, et al.Applications of Bragg grating sensors in Europe[A],Proc.of the Optical Fibers Sensors Conf.(OFS-12)[C].William sburg.V A,USA,1997,14-19
[40] Friebels P, et al.Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors:present and future application in smart structures [J]. Optics and Photonics News, 1998,8:33-37
[41] TMS320C54X DSP REFERRENCE SET VOL.1 (CPU AND PERIPHERALS), 1996.
[42] TMS320C54X DSP Refenence Set,Volume 1:CPU and Peripherals (literature number SPRU 131), Texas Instruments Ins. 1997.
[43] TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set.Volume 2: Mnemonic Instuction Set(literature nmber SPUR172), Texas Instruments Inc. 1996.
[44] TMS320C54X Asembly Language Tools Usuer Guide(literature number SPRU 102),Texas Instruments Inc. 1997.
[45] TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set:Volume 4:Applications Guide(literature number SPRU 173).Texas Instruments Inc. 1996.
[46] TMS320C54X Simulator Getting started. Texas Instruments Inc. 1996.