差分进化算法及其在电力系统随机最优潮流中的应用研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
差分进化算法在处理连续域、非凸、不确定性和全局优化问题时具有优势,已在包括电力系统最优潮流在内的诸多领域得到广泛应用。电力系统最优潮流是一个复杂的非线性优化问题,要求在满足特定的电力系统运行安全约束条件下,通过调整系统中的控制手段实现预定目标最优的系统稳定运行状态,其已经成为电力系统规划、经济调度和市场交易等领域的基础性工具。实际上,电力系统运行中客观上存在诸多不确定因素,尤其是近年来随着大量新能源接入和负荷成份日益复杂,与电力系统运行决策密切相关的短期负荷预测和最优潮流问题不确定特征日趋突出。为此,本文以差分进化算法及其在电力系统随机最优潮流中的应用研究为题展开研究。结合电力系统负荷不确定性及其随机最优潮流的工程特点,对基于差分进化粗糙集决策连续属性的模糊离散化方法和模糊粗糙集属性的简约方法进行了算法创新研究;研究了基于差分进化算法的电力系统短期负荷不确定性预测方法,以获得负荷概率分布特征,研究了基于差分进化算法的考虑负荷不确定性的随机最优潮流求解问题。本文旨在通过差分进化算法及其应用的创新研究,为电力系统短期负荷不确定性预测和随机最优潮流问题求解提供新的方法,从而为电力系统分析和决策提供更加丰富的信息。该研究具有重要的科学和工程意义。
     影响电力系统短期负荷的因素如用电规律、温度、风速等因素具有随机、粗糙、模糊等不确定特征,短期负荷预测中属性一般是真实、连续和模糊的。虽然传统粗糙集理论在处理上述不确定问题上具有优势,但其只能直接处理离散属性。为此,本文进行了基于差分进化的连续属性模糊离散化算法设计的创新研究。算法设计采用二进制离散编码,种群个体采用实数串表示,增强对局部最优点的搜索;设计了模糊隶属度函数与适应度函数,适应度函数由离散的断点数与等价类共同确定。由此提出了一种基于差分进化算法的粗糙集理论中处理连续性和模糊性问题的新算法。算例仿真表明了算法的有效性,为处理影响短期负荷的连续和模糊属性因素提供了更加可靠的离散化处理方法。
     在基于差分进化的连续属性模糊离散化基础上,考虑粗糙集决策表属性存在重要性、相关性、冗余的差异且具有模糊性的实际特点,研究了模糊粗糙集的属性简约问题,提出了一种基于差分进化的模糊粗糙集属性简约新算法。算法通过二进制离散编码和适应值函数的设计,控制个体向最小的属性简约的方向进化,引入模糊正域下的决策属性对条件属性的依赖度来定义适应值函数。仿真实验表明,本文所提出的基于差分进化的模糊粗糙集属性简约新算法不但能正确而快速地搜索到最小的属性简约,而且当数据规模较大时,更能节省运算时间。与基于遗传算法的属性简约方法相比,其收敛速度快而种群规模小。应用实例表明,该新算法可方便而高效、可靠地用于处理电力系统短期负荷不确定性预测属性问题。
     针对影响电力系统短期负荷因素属性的不确定性和差异性实际,本文进一步提出了一种基于差分进化模糊粗糙集属性简约和支持向量机的短期负荷不确定性预测新算法。一方面将算法应用于电力系统短期负荷不确定性预测,实现基于差分进化算法对负荷预测的历史样本进行连续属性模糊离散化,通过对负荷预测的历史样本进行模糊粗糙集属性动态简约,从而挖掘出与电力负荷属性取值关系最紧密的简约属性集,运用改进后的模糊C均值算法对模糊粗糙集简约得到的主要属性进行聚类,基于蒙特卡罗方法和最小二乘支持向量基方法进行电力系统短期负荷不确定性预测。算例结果表明:与传统支持向量基算法相比,文中提出的方法具有预测平均相对误差小、算法运行时间短、预测的不合格点的个数少等优点。另一方面将算法用于含分布式电源的母线净负荷不确定性预测研究,算例结果也验证了所提算法的有效性。上述算法可获得负荷概率分布特征,从而为随机最优潮流问题中提供准确的负荷不确定性描述模型。
     在应用差分进化算法获得电力系统负荷不确定性分布特征的基础上,借鉴基于差分进化算法对确定性最优潮流求解方法,针对考虑负荷不确定性的随机最优潮流求解问题,提出了一种基于改进差分进化和蒙特卡罗方法的随机最优潮流求解新算法。改进差分进化算法通过采用自适应的比例因子以提高随机最优潮流求解收敛速度,算法种群中引入随机扰动,跳出局部最优,防止算法陷入早熟。通过改进差分进化算法和蒙特卡罗方法的结合,可获取随机最优潮流问题目标函数、发电机出力、系统潮流等概率分布特征。IEEE30节点标准测试系统算例仿真结果表明:与遗传算法、PSO优化算法等随机优化算法比较,该算法在同样的蒙特卡罗抽样次数下运行速度快且能获得更好的最优解均值。
     综上所述,本文针对差分进化算法及其在电力系统随机最优潮流中的应用科学问题进行研究,在提出基于差分进化算法的模糊粗糙集属性离散化新算法和模糊粗糙集属性简约新方法基础上,提出了一种基于差分进化的最小二乘支持向量基短期负荷不确定性预测新方法,提出了一种基于改进差分算法的考虑负荷不确定特征的随机最优潮流求解新方法。算例仿真结果验证了上述算法的有效性和优越性。本文的研究适应电力系统发展客观需求,对不确定环境下电力系统规划、优化运行决策等有重要的科学意义和工程价值。
Given that Differential Evolution (DE) is an efficient and powerful population-basedstochastic search technique for solving optimization problems over continuous space,non-convex and global, it has been widely applied in many scientific and engineeringfields including Optimal Power Flow (OPF) of electric power system. OPF, a complexnonlinear optimization problem, is used to find the power flow results which realizesthe defined optimization objective under the system security constraints through theregulating the system control and has already been the basic tool in the field ofelectrical system dispatch, economic dispatch and market trade.In fact,severaluncertainties exist in the power system objectively,especially with the access of largeamount of new energy and complicity of the load at present, which leads to moreprominent uncertain characteristics of the short-term load prediction and the OPF.Thus, this thesis makes further study on DE and its application in the StochasticOptimal Power Flow(SOPF) in the electric grids.Considering the load uncertainty andthe engineering characteristics of SOPF, the algorithm study has been set on the fuzzydiscretization and simplified method of fuzzy rough sets(RS) attributes based on thecontinuous attribute of differential evolution rough set decision.This thesis alsodiscusses about the short-term load uncertainty prediction method and the SOPF issueaccording to the DE algorithm to obtain the probability distribution characteristics ofload. Aiming at finding new solution of the short-term load uncertainty prediction andthe SOPF issue for the electric system, this thesis conducts DE algorithm and itsinnovative application study, which have a great sense on science and engineering.
     The factors which influence the short-term load of electrical system such as powerconsumption, temperature, and wind speed possess the uncertain characteristics,namely, randomness, roughness and fuzziness. The short-term load prediction isusually authentic, continuous, and fuzzy. Although conventional Rough Sets (RS)theory has advantage in dealing with these uncertain issues, it can only solve the issueswith discrete attributes. For this, this thesis conducts the design of continuous fuzzydiscretization algorithm based on DE. This algorithm uses binary code in which theindividuals of population are demonstrated by real string to enforce local searchcapacity.This thesis also proposes a new algorithm to handle the continuous and fuzzyissue in the RS theory based on DE algorithm. This algorithm is pragmatic enough to provide a more reliable discretization method for handling the continuous and fuzzyattributes which influence short-term load.
     On the basis of the continuous attributes fuzzy discretization according to DE,considering the characteristics of decision attributes in RS, that is the discrepancy intheir importance, dependency and complexity and the actual characteristic of fuzziness,this thesis makes a research on attribute reduction issue in fuzzy RS and proposed anew attribute reduction algorithm. Through binary discrete code and the design offitness function, this algorithm controls the individuals to evolute towards theminimum numbers of attributes and brings in dependence from decision attributes infuzzy positive domain to the condition attributes so as to define the fitness function.The experiment shows that this new algorithm can not only search the minimumattributes reduction rapidly and correctly but also save the calculation time of UCI datasets. Compared with the attributes reduction method of genetic algorithm, the DEalgorithm is rapid and possesses smaller population scale. The example proves that thisnew algorithm is convenient and efficient and reliable to deal with uncertain attributesprediction of the short-term load in the system.
     Aiming at the uncertain and different attributes of short-term load, this thesisprovides a new uncertainty prediction algorithm based on differential evolution fuzzyrough sets attributes reduction and Least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM),which was the forecast data training entry, to solve short-term load forecasting. On theone hand, this algorithm will be applied in the uncertainty prediction of short-termload--to conduct continuous attributes fuzzy discretization on the historic samples.Through the dynamic attributes reduction of fuzzy RS on historic samples of loadforecast, the simplest attributes sets which is most closed to attributes of load. By theimproved fuzzy c means clustering algorithm, this thesis sorts major attritions obtainedfrom fuzzy RS reduction. Short-term load uncertain forecast is made from Monte Carloand LS-SVM. Examples show that, compared with conventional SVM, the approach inthis thesis possesses several advantages such as, the little average relative error offorecast, short operation time, small numbers of unqualified prediction points. On theother hand, applying this algorithm in the study of uncertainty forecast of bus net loadcontaining the distributed energy, the algorithm is also proved to be effective. From thealgorithm above, the probability distribution characteristics of load is obtained so as toprovide correct load uncertain description model in SOPF.
     Based on the application of DE to acquire uncertain distribution characteristic ofload and use of on OPF, this theses proposes a new algorithm based on improved DE and Monte Carlo method aiming at the SOPF considering the load uncertainty.Through the self-adaptive proportional factor, the improved DE address theconvergence rate in SOPF. This thesis adds random perturbation and avoids localoptimum, preventing premature convergence. Through the combination of improvedDE algorithm and Monte Carlo method, the objective function in SOPF, output ofgenerator as well as the probability distribution characteristics of power flow isobtained. The proposed methods are illustrated in the standard IEEE30-bus system andthe result proves its effectiveness and robustness compared with improved GA andPSO algorithm. Better average optimal values and faster operation speed are obtainedwith the same sampling frequency using this algorithm.
     In conclusion, aiming at DE algorithm and its application issue in SOPF, this thesisfirstly proposes the new algorithm on fuzzy RS attributes discretization based on DEalgorithm. Then a new uncertainty forecast method of LS-SVM short-term load and aninnovative method of SOPF considering the load uncertainty based on improved DEalgorithm are provided. The simulation example demonstrates the effectiveness andadvantages of this algorithm. The study of this research meets the demand of powersystem development and has a great science and engineering sense in uncertain powersystem dispatch, optimization decision, etc.
引文
[1]康重庆,夏清,徐纬.电力系统不确定性分析.北京:科学出版社,2011
    [2] Storn R,Price K.Differential evolution-a simple andefficient heuristic forglobal optimization over continuous spaces.Journal of Global Optimization,1997,11(4):341-359
    [3] Pawlak Z, Rough Sets. International journal of computer and informationscience,1982,11(5):341-356
    [4]张文修,姚一豫,梁怡.粗糙集与概念格.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2006
    [5] K V Price,R Storn,J Lampinen.Differential evolution:a practical approachto global optimization.Berlin,Germany:Springer,2005
    [6] A K Qin,V L Huang,P N Suganthan.Differential evolution algorithm withstrategy adaptation for global numerical optimization.IEEE Transactions onEvolutionary Computation,2009,13(2):398-417
    [7] Wenyin Gong,Zhihua Cai,Liangxiao Jiang.Enhancing the performance ofdifferential evolution using orthogonal design method.Applied Mathematicsand Computation,2008,206:56-69
    [8] Michael G.Epitropakis,Dimitris K Tasoulis,Nicos G Pavlidis.Enhancingdifferential evolution utilizing proximity-based mutation operators. IEEETransactions on Evolutionary Computation,2011,15(1):99-119
    [9] D Zaharie.Influence of crossover on the behavior of the differential evolutionalgorithm.Applied Soft Computing,2009,9(3):1126-1138
    [10] D Zaharie. Extensions of differential evolution algorithms for multimodaloptimization.An. Univ. Timisoara Ser. Mat.-Inform,2004,42(2):331-345
    [11] D Zaharie. Multi-objective optimization with adaptive pareto differentialevolution.Academia Roman.Memoriile Sec iilor tiin ifice. Seria IV,2003,26:223-239
    [12] D Zaharie.Parameter adaptation in differential evolution by controlling thepopulation diversity.Analele Universit atii din Timisoara,2002,XL:281-295
    [13] D Zaharie.Statistical properties of differential evolution and related randomsearch algorithms.In:Proceedings in Computational Statistics,Porto,Portugal:Physica-Verlag HD,2008:473-485
    [14] Massimiliano Vasile, Edmondo Minisci, Marco Locatelli. An inflationarydifferential evolution algorithm for space trajectory optimization. IEEETransactions on Evolutionary Computation,2011,15(2):267-281
    [15] Yong Wang,Zixing Cai.combining multiobjective optimization with differentialevolution to solve constrained optimization problems.IEEE Transactions onEvolutionary Computation,2012,16(1):117-134
    [16] Sk Minhazul Islam,Swagatam Das,Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan.Anadaptive differential evolution algorithm with novel mutation and crossoverstrategies for global numerical optimization.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man and Cybernetics—Part B: Cybernetics,2012,42(2):482-499
    [17] Swagatam Das,Ajith Abraham,Amit Konar.Automatic clustering using animproved differential evolution algorithm.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Manand Cybernetics—Part A: Systems and Humans,2008,38(1):218-236
    [18]贺毅朝,王熙照,刘坤起等.差分演化的收敛性分析与算法改进.软件学报,2010,21(5):875-885
    [19] Qing AY. Dynamic differential evolution strategy and applications inelectromagnetic inverse scattering problems.IEEE Transactions on Geoscienceand Remote Sensing,2006,44(1):116-125
    [20] U K Chakraborty. Advances in differential evolution. Berlin, Germany:Springer,2008
    [21] M G Epitropakis,V P Plagianakos,M N Vrahatis.Hardwarefriendly higher-orderneural network training using distributed evolutionary algorithms.Applied SoftComputing,2010,10(2):398-408
    [22] J Brest,S Greiner,B Boskovic,et al.Self-adapting control parameters indifferential evolution: a comparative study on numerical benchmarkproblems.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2006,10(6):646-657
    [23] J Brest,M S Maucec.Population size reduction for the differential evolutionalgorithm.Applied Intelligence,2008,29(3):228-247
    [24] M G Omran, A Salman, A P Engelbrecht. Self-adaptive differentialevolution.Lecture Notes in Computer Science,Computational Intelligence andSecurity.Berlin,Germany:Springer,2005,3801:192-199.
    [25] M Weber, F Neri, V Tirronen. Distributed differential evolution withexplorative:exploitative population families.Genet Program Evolvable Mach,2009,10(4):343-371
    [26] S Das,A Abraham,U K Chakraborty,et al.Differential evolution using aneighborhood-based mutation operator. IEEE Transactions on EvolutionaryComputation,2009,13(3):526-553
    [27]葛延峰,金文静,高立群.多种群并行的自适应差分进化算法.东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,132(4):481-484
    [28] E Mezura-Montes, M E Miranda-Varela, R del Carmen G ó mez-Ram ón.Differential evolution in constrained numerical optimization:an empiricalstudy.Information Sciences,2010,180(22):4223-4262
    [29] W Kwedlo, K Bandurski. A parallel differential evolutionalgorithm. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on ParallelComputing in Electrical Engineering,2006,319-324
    [30] J Liu,J Lampinen.A fuzzy adaptive differential evolution algorithm.In:Proceedings of the17th IEEE Region International Conference on Computer,Communications,Control and Power Engineering,2002,606-611
    [31] J Liu,J Lampinen.A fuzzy adaptive differential evolution algorithm.SoftComputing-A Fusion of Foundations,Methodologies and Applications,2005,9(6):448-462
    [32] F Neri,V Tirronen.Recent advances in differential evolution:a survey andexperimental analysis.Artificial Intelligence Review,2010,33(1-2):61-106
    [33] F Neri,V Tirronen.Scale factor local search in differential evolution. MemeticComputing,2009,1:153-171
    [34] F Neri.Enhancing differential evolution frameworks by scale factor local search-part I.In:Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2009,94-101
    [35] F Neri.Enhancing differential evolution frameworks by scale factor local search-part II.In:Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2009,118-125
    [36] Noman N,Iba H.Enhancing differential evolution performance with local searchfor high dimensional function optimization. In: Proceedings of the2005Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation,New York,NY:ACM,2005,967-974
    [37] Noman N,Iba H.Accelerating differential evolution using an adaptive localsearch.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2008,12(1):107-125
    [38]贺毅朝,寇应展,陈致明.求解多选择背包问题的改进差分演化算法.小型微型计算机系统,2009,28(9):1682-1685
    [39]苗世清,高岳林.求解0/1背包问题的离散差分演化算法.小型微型计算机系统,2009,30(9):1828-1830
    [40]周雅兰,朱耀辉,张军.具有学习机制的离散差分进化算法.计算机科学,2011,38(7):225-228
    [41] N Karaboga,B Cetinkaya.Performance comparison of genetic and differentialevolution algorithms for digital FIR filter design.In:Advances in InformationSystems,Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2004,3261:482-488
    [42] N Karaboga.Design of IIR filters by using differential evolution algorithm.In:Signal Processing of Communication and Applications Conference,2008,1-4
    [43] N Karaboga,B Cetinkaya.Design of minimum ohase digital IIR filters by usinggenetic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the6th Nordic Signal ProcessingSymposium-NORSIG2004,2004,29-32
    [44] X H Yuan,A J Su,H Nie,et al.Application of enhanced diserete differentialevolution approach to unit commitment problem. Energy Conversion andManagement,2009,50(9):2449-2456
    [45]龚文引.差分演化算法的改进及其在聚类分析中的应用研究:[中国地质大学博士学位论文].武汉:中国地质大学,2010,78-95
    [46] R Thangaraj,M Pant,A Abraham.New mutation schemes for differentialevolution algorithm and their application to the optimization of directionalover-current relay settings.Applied Mathematics and Computation,2010,216(2):532-544
    [47] G Onwubolu.Design of hybrid differential evolution and group method of datahandling networks for modeling and prediction.Information Sciences2008,178(18):3616-3634
    [48] J Zhang,A Sanderson.JADE:adaptive differential evolution with optionalexternal archive.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2009,13(5):945-958
    [49] I De Falco,A Della Cioppa,D Maisto,et al.Satellite image registration bydistributed differential evolution.Applications of Evolutionary Computing,Lectures Notes in Computer Science,2007,4448:251-260
    [50] P Kaelo, M Ali. Differential evolution algorithms using hybrid mutation.computer optimization application,2007,37(2):231-246
    [51]张利彪,周春光,马铭,等.基于极大极小距离密度的多目标微分进化算法.计算机研究与发展,2007,44(1):177-184
    [52] Ji-Pyng Chiou, Chung-Fu Chang, Ching-Tzong Su. Ant direction hybriddifferential evolution for solving large capacitor placement problems.IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2004,19(4):1794-1798
    [53]张丰田,宋家骅,李鉴,等.基于混合差异进化优化算法的电力系统无功优化.电网技术,2007,31(9):33-37
    [54] A A Abou El Ela,M A Abido,S R Spea.Differential evolutionary algorithm foroptimal reactive power dispatch.Electrical Power Energy System,2011,81:458-464
    [55] Pawlak Z.Rough Sets:Theoretical aspects of reasoning about data.KluwerAcademic Publishers,1982
    [56]王国胤,姚一豫,于洪.粗糙集理论与应用研究综述.计算机学报,2009,32(7):1230-1246
    [57]朱有产,熊伟,静永文,等.基于Rough Set的综合分类器设计与实现.通信学报,2006,27(21):63-67
    [58]匡乐红,徐林荣,刘宝琛,等.基于粗糙集原理的泥石流危险度区划指标选取方法.地质力学学报,2006,12(2):236-242
    [59]胡方,黄建国,褚福照.基于粗糙集的武器系统灰色关联评估模型.兵工学报,2008,29(2):253-256
    [60]易高翔.粗糙集在Web挖掘中的应用研究:[华中科技大学博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2006,10-17
    [61]李雪.基于粗糙集模糊神经网络的微孔钻削在线监测研究:[吉林大学博士学位论文].长春:吉林大学,2008,70-91
    [62] L Polkowski,S Tsumoto,T Y Lin.Rough set methods and applications:newdevelopments in knowledge discovery in information systems.New York:Physical-Verlag HD,2000,49-88
    [63] L Polkowski. Rough sets: mathematical foundations, Advances in SoftComputing.Berlin,Germany:Physica-Verlag,2002
    [64] J. A Starzyk,D E Nelson,K Sturtz.A mathematical foundation for improvedeeduct generation in information systems. Knowledge and InformationSystems,2000,2(1):131-146.
    [65]陈玉明,苗夺谦.基于幂图的属性约简搜索式算法.计算机学报,2009,(8):1486-1492
    [66]蒙祖强,史忠植.一种新的基于简化二进制可辨矩阵的相对约简算法.控制与决策,2008,23(9):976-980
    [67]杨明.一种基于改进差别矩阵的属性约简增量式更新算法.计算机学报,2007,30(5):815-822
    [68]王国胤,于洪,杨大春.基于条件信息熵的决策表约简.计算机学报,2002,25(7):759-766
    [69]胡峰,王国胤.属性序下的快速约简算法.计算机学报,2007,30(8):1429-1435
    [70]王国胤.决策表核属性的计算方法.计算机学报,2003,26(5):611—615
    [71]刘少辉,盛秋戬,吴斌,等.Rough集高效算法的研究.计算机学报,2003,26(5):524-529
    [72]于冰,阎保平.关于粗糙集属性约简的进化算法研究和应用.微电子学与计算机.2005,22(3):189-194
    [73]姜元春,刘业政.基于蚁群优化算法的属性约简方法.见:6届全球智能控制与自动化大会.中国,大连,2006:3542-3546
    [74] K K Ang,C Quek.Stock trading using RSPOP:a novel rough set-basedneuro-fuzzy approach.IEEE Transactions on Neural Network,2006,17(5):1301-1315
    [75] Chmielewski M R,Busse Jersy W.Global discretization of continuous Attributesas preprocessing for machine learning.International Journal of ApproximateReasoning,1996,15(2):319-331
    [76] Fayyad U M,Irani K B.Multi interval discretization of continuous-valuedattributes for classification learning.In:Proceeding of the13th InternationalJoint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California, USA: MorganKauffmann,1993,1022-1027
    [77] A Skowron,C Rauszer.The discernibility matrices and functions in informationsystems.Fundamenta Informaticae,1991,15:331-362.
    [78] John Y Ching, Andrew K C Wong, Keith C C Chan. Class-dependentdiscretization for inductive learning from continuous and mixed-modedata.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1995,17(7):641-651
    [79] Huan Liu,Rudy Setiono.Feature selection via discretization.IEEE Transactionson Knowledge and Data Engineering,1997,9(4):642-645
    [80] Xiaoyan Liu, Huaiqing Wang. A discretization algorithm based on aheterogeneity criterion. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and DataEngineering,2005,17(9):1166-1173
    [81] H Liu, R Setiono. Chi2: feature selection and discretization of numericattributes.In:Proceedings7th IEEE International Conference on Tools withArtificial Intelligence,1995,388-391
    [82]刘业政,焦宁,姜元春.连续属性离散化算法比较研究.计算机应用研究,2007,24(9):28-30
    [83] H S Nguyen.Discretization problem for rough sets methods.Lecture Notes inComputer Science,1998,1424:545-552
    [84]刘震宇,郭宝龙,杨林耀.一种新的用于连续值属性离散化的约简算法.控制与决策,2002,17(5):545-549
    [85]谢宏,程浩忠,牛东晓.基于信息熵的粗糙集连续属性离散化算法,计算机学报,2005,28(9):1571-1574
    [86]胡宝清.模糊理论基础.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004
    [87]李凡.模糊信息处理系统.北京:北京大学出版社,1998
    [88]陈水利,李敬功,王向公.模糊集理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005
    [89]彭祖赠,孙温玉.模糊数学及其应用.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002:168-204
    [90] D Dubois,H Prade.Putting rough sets and fuzzy sets together.IntelligentDecision Support:Handbook of Applications and Advances of the Rough SetsTheory.Netherlands:Kluwer Academci Pubishers,1992:203-231
    [91] Richard Jensen,Qiang Shen.Semantics-preserving dimensionality reduction:rough and fuzzy-rough-based approaches.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge andData Engineering,2004,16(12):1457-1471
    [92] Richard Jensen,Qiang Shen.Are more features better? a response to attributesreduction using fuzzy rough sets.IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems,2009,17(6):1456-1458
    [93] Richard Jensen, Qiang Shen. New approaches to fuzzy-rough featureselection.IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems,2009,17(4):824-838
    [94] Richard Jensen, Qiang Shen. Tolerance-based and fuzzy-rough featureselection.In:IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems,2007:1-6
    [95] Richard Jensen,Qiang Shen.Fuzzy-rough attributes eeduction with applicationto web categorization.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,2004,141(3):469-485
    [96] Richard Jensen,Qiang Shen.Fuzzy-rough sets assisted attribute selection.IEEETransactions on Fuzzy Systems,2007,15(1):73-89
    [97] C Cornelis,R Jensen,G.Hurtado Martin,et al.Attribute selection with fuzzydecision reducts.Information Sciences,2010,180(2):209-224
    [98] Yao Y Y.Combination of rough and fuzzy sets based on α level sets.RoughSets and Data Mining:Analysis for ImPreeise Data.Boston:Kluwer AeademiePublishers,1997:301-321
    [99] A M Radz1kowska,E E Kerre.A comparative study of fuzzy rough sets.FuzzySets and Systems,2002,126(2):137-155
    [100] W P Ziarko.Rough Sets,Fuzzy sets and knowledge discovery.London,U.K:Springer-Verlag,1994,Workshop in Computing
    [101] J G Marin-Blázquez, Q Shen. From approximative to descriptive fuzzyclassifiers.IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy System,2002,10(4):484-497
    [102] R Slowinski, D Vanderpooten. Similarity relation as a basis for roughapproximations. Advances in Machine Intelligence and SoftComputing.Durham,NC:Duke Univ. Press,1997,5:17-33
    [103] H Thiele.Fuzzy rough sets versus rough fuzzy sets—An Interpretation and aComparative Study Using Concepts of Modal Logics[University ofDortmund].University of Dortmund:Dortmund,Germany,1998
    [104] E C C Tsang,D Chen,D S Yeung,et al.Attributes reduction using fuzzy roughsets.IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems,2008,16(5):1130-1141
    [105] Yeung D S,Degang Chen,Tsang E C C,et al.On attributes reduction with fuzzyrough set.In:IEEE Inernational Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,2005,3:2775-2780
    [106] D Dubois,H Prade.Rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets.International Journalof General Systems,1990,17(2):191-209
    [107]陈昊,杨会成.一种直觉模糊粗糙集属性约简新算法.小型微型计算机系统,2011,32(3):506-510
    [108]程呹,苗夺谦,冯琴荣.动态粗糙模糊集及其在模糊规则提取中的应用.小型微型计算机系统,2009,30(2):289-293
    [109]徐菲菲,苗夺谦,魏莱,等.基于互信息的模糊粗糙集属性约简.电子与信息学报,2008,30(6):1372-1375
    [110]雷英杰,王宝树.基于直觉模糊逻辑的近似推理方法.控制与决策,2006,21(3):305-310
    [111]路艳丽,雷英杰,华继学.基于直觉模糊粗糙集的属性约简.控制与决策,2009,24(3):335-341
    [112]樊雷,雷英杰.基于直觉模糊粗糙集的属性约简研究.计算机工程与科学,2008,30(7):79-81
    [113] A Chouchoulas, Q Shen. Rough set-aided keyword reduction for textcategorisation.Application on Artificial Intelligence,2001,15(9):843-873
    [114] Padmini S,Miguel E R,Donald H,et al.Vocabulary mining for informationretrieval:rough sets and fuzzy sets.Information Processing and Management,2002(37):15-38
    [115] D S Yueng,C Degang,E C C Tsang,et al.On the generalization of fuzzy roughsets.IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems,2005,13(3):343-361
    [116] J M F Salido,S Murakami.Rough set analysis of a general type of fuzzy datausing transitive aggregations of fuzzy similarity relations. Fuzzy Sets andSystem,2003,139(3):635-660
    [117]李欣然,林舜江,刘杨华,等.基于实测响应空间的负荷动特性分类原理与方法.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(8):39-44
    [118]林舜江,李欣然,刘杨华,等.考虑负荷动态模型的暂态电压稳定快速判断方法.中国电机工程学报,2009,29(4):14-20
    [119]李欣然,惠金花,钱军,等.风力发电对配电网侧负荷建模的影响.电力系统自动化,2009,33(13):89-94
    [120]林舜江,李欣然,刘杨华.考虑负荷动态模型的在线小干扰电压稳定指标.电力系统自动化,2008,32(9):25-29
    [121]于尔铿,韩放,谢开,等.电力市场.中国电力出版社,1999
    [122]牛东晓,曹树华,赵磊,等.电力负荷预测技术及其应用.中国电力出版社,1999
    [123]毛李帆,姚建刚,金永顺,等.中长期电力组合预测模型的理论研究.电机工程学报,2010,30(16):53-58
    [124]李培强,李欣然,陈辉华,等.基于模糊聚类的电力负荷特性的分类与综合.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(24):73-78
    [125]尤勇,盛万兴,王孙安.一种新型短期负荷预测模型的研究及应用.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):15-18
    [126]姚李孝,宋玲芳,李庆宇,等.基于模糊聚类分析与BP网络的电力系统短期负荷预测.电网技术,2005,29(l):20-23
    [127] Senjyu T. One-hour-ahead load forecasting using neural network. IEEETransactions on Power Systems.2002,17(1):113-118
    [128] Youshen Xia,Jun Wang.A general projection neural network for solvingmonotone variational inequalities and related optimization problems. IEEETransactions on Neural Networks,2004,15(2):318-328
    [129]部能灵,侯志俭.小波模糊神经网络在电力系统短期负荷预测中的应用.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(l):24-29
    [130]曹一家,程时杰.进化算法在工程应用中的若干实用技术.电力系统自动化,2001,25(2):62-65
    [131]张鹏翔,江全元,曹一家,等.基于多目标进化算法的TCSC非线性控制器设计.电力系统自动化,2003,27(13):40-44
    [132]张鹏翔,江全元,曹一家,等.基于多目标进化算法的统一潮流控制器稳定控制器鲁棒运行点选择.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(17):5-10
    [133]康重庆,夏清,张伯明.电力系统负荷预测研究综述与发展方向的探讨.电力系统自动化,2004,28(17):l-11
    [134]康重庆,夏清,相年德.灰色系统参数估计与不良数据辨识.清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997,4:72-75
    [135] Z A Bashir,M E E1-Hawary.Applying wavelets to short-term load forecastingusing PSO-based neural networks.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):20-27
    [136] Zhang Yun, Zhou Quan, Sun Caixin, et al. RBF neural network andANFIS-nased short-term load forecasting approach in real-rime rriceenvironment.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(3):853-858
    [137] Bo-Juen Chen,Ming-Wei Chang,Chih-Jen Lin.Load forecasting using supportvector machines:a study on EUNITE competition2001.IEEE Transactions onPower Systems,2004,19(4):1821-1830
    [138]康重庆,杨高峰,夏清.电力需求的不确定性分析.电力系统自动化,2005,29(17):14-19
    [139] Mathias M Adankon, Mohamed Cheriet. Model selection for theLS-SVM.application to handwriting recognition.Pattern Recognition,2009,42(12),3264-3270
    [140]赵登福,王蒙,张讲社,等.基于支持向量机方法的短期负荷预测.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(4):26-30
    [141] Shevade S K,Keerthi S S,Bhattacharyy C,et al.Improvements to the SMOalgorithm for SVM regression.IEEE Transactions on Neural Network,2000,11(5):1188-1193
    [142] Suykens J A K,Lukas L,Vandewalle J.Approximation using least sSquaressupport vector machine. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits andSystems.Geneva,2000,(1):757-760
    [143]李元诚,方廷健,于尔铿.短期负荷预测的支持向量机方法研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6):55-59
    [144]张林,刘先珊,阴和俊.基于时间序列的支持向量机在负荷预测中的应用.电网技术,2004,28(10):38-41.
    [145] Ricardo M S,Rosangela B,Takaaki O.An aggregate model applied to theshort-term bus load forecasting problem.In:Power Systems Conference andExposition,2009,1-8
    [146]李野,康重庆,陈新宇,等.综合预测模型及其单一预测方法的联合参数自适应优化.电力系统自动化,2010,34(22):36-40.
    [147]赵燃,陈新宇,陈刚,等.母线负荷预测中的自适应预测技术及其实现.电网技术,2009,33(19):55-59
    [148]廖峰,刘清良,贺辉,等.基于改进灰色模型与综合气象因素的母线负荷预测.电网技术,2011,35(10):183-188
    [149]杨理才,张文磊,周勇,等.间接预测法在母线负荷预测中的应用.电网技术,2011,35(12):177-182
    [150]曾鸣,吕春泉,田廓,等.基于细菌群落趋药性优化的最小二乘支持向量机短期负荷预测方法.中国电机工程学报,2011,31(34):93-100
    [151]王德意,杨卓,杨国清.基于负荷混沌特性和最小二乘支持向量机的短期负荷预测.电网技术,2008,32(7):66-71
    [152]陈新宇,康重庆,陈刚,等.规避坏数据影响的母线负荷预测新策略.中国电力,2009,42(9):27-31
    [153]陈新宇,康重庆,陈敏杰,等.极值负荷及其出现时刻的概率化预测.中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):64-72
    [154] R A Jabr, B C Pal. Intermittent eind generation in optimal power flowdispatching.IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2009,3(1):66-74
    [155] Nima Amjady,Hamzeh Fatemi.Solution of optimal power flow subject tosecurity constraints by a new improved bacterial foraging method. IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2012,27(3).1311-1323
    [156]胡德峰,张步涵,姚建光.基于改进粒子群算法的多目标最优潮流计算.电力系统及其自动化学报,2007,19(3):51-57
    [157]卓峻峰,赵冬梅.基于混沌搜索的多目标模糊优化潮流算法.电网技术,2003,27(2):41-49
    [158] J A Momoh,M E El-Hawary,R Adapa.A review of selected optimal power flowliterature to1993. Part I: Non-linear and Quadratic ProgrammingApproaches.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(1):96-104
    [159] J A Momoh,M E El-Hawary,R Adapa.A review of selected optimal power flowliterature. Part II: Newton, Linear Programming and Interior PointMethods.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(1):105-111
    [160] L L Lai,J T Ma,R Yokohoma,M Zhao.Improved genetic algorithm for optimalpower flow under both normal and contingent operation states.Electrical PowerEnergy System,1997,19:287-291
    [161] M S Osman,M A Abo-Sinna,A A Mousa.A solution to the optimal power flowusing genetic algorithm.Applied Mathematics and Computation,2004,155(2):391-405
    [162] M A Abido.Optimal power flow using particle swarm optimization optimalpower flow.International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2002,24(7):563-571
    [163] Z Hu, X Wang, G Taylor. Stochastic optimal reactive power dispatch:formulation and solution method.International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2010,32(6):615-621
    [164] A Schellenberg.Probabilstic and stochastic optimal power flow:[university ofcalgary].Alberta,Canada:University of Calgary,2006
    [165] A Schellenberg,W Rosehart,J Aguado.Cumulant-based probabilistic optimalpower flow (P-OPF) with gaussian and gamma distributions.IEEE Transactionson Power Systems,2005,20(2):773-781
    [166]胡泽春,王锡凡.考虑负荷概率分布的随机最优潮流方法.电力系统自动化,2007,31(16):14-18
    [167] H R Cai,C Y Chung,K P Wong.Application of differential evolution algorithmfor transient stability constrained optimal power flow.IEEE Transactions onPower Systems,2008,23(2):719-728
    [168] A A Abou El Elaa,M A Abidob,S R Speaa.Optimal power flow usingdifferential evolution algorithm.Electric Power Systems Research,2010,80(7):878-888
    [169] Verbic G, Canizares C A. Probabilistic optimal power flow in electricitymarkets based on a two-point estimate method.IEEE Transactions on PowerSystems,2006,21(4):1883-1893
    [170] H Zhang, P Li. Probabilistic analysis for optimal power flow underuncertainty.IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2010,4(5):553-561
    [171] X Li,Y Z Li,S H Zhang.Analysis of probabilistic optimal power flow takingaccount of the variation of load power.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(3):992-999
    [172] Jiaqi Liang, Ganesh K. Wide-area measurement based dynamic stochasticoptimal power flow control for smart grids with high variability anduncertainty.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(10):59-69
    [173]王成山,郑海峰,谢莹华,等.计及分布式发电的配电系统随机潮流计算.电力系统自动化,2005,29(24):39-44
    [174] G L Viviani,G T Heydt.Stochastic optimal energy dispatch.IEEE Transactionson Power Apparatus and Systems,PAS-100(7),1981,3221-3227
    [175] UCI Repository of machine learning databases.[EB/OL]http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.html
    [176]白根柱,裴志利,王建,等.基于粗糙集理论和信息熵的属性离散化方法.计算机应用研究,2008,25(6):89-94
    [177]陈果.基于遗传算法的决策表连续属性离散化方法.仪器仪表学报,2007,28(9):1700-1705
    [178]任永功,王杨,闫德勤.基于遗传算法的粗糙集属性约简算法.小型微型计算机系统,2006,27(5):862-865
    [179] AEMO www.aemo.com.au
    [180] BOM www. bom.gov.au/index.shtm
    [181] A Dubi.Monte carlo application in system engineering.John Wiley&Sons.Inc,2000

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700