玉米C型胞质不育恢复基因及玉米矮花叶病抗病基因定位
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摘要
植物在生殖过程中不能产生花粉和花药的现象称为雄性不育，自然界存在的植物雄性不育可分为细胞质雄性不育和细胞核雄性不育两种类型。目前在玉米制种中主要利用细胞质雄性不育系进行制种，雄性不育的利用是提高玉米种子质量的重要途径，在玉米胞质雄性不育的3种类型中，T型和S型胞质不育的恢复机理已较为清楚，C型胞质雄性不育由于遗传背景复杂，其恢复机理研究结果仍存在较大的差异。多数研究者认为C型胞质不育的恢复存在两对以上的恢复基因，并对恢复主基因Rf4进行了定位研究，但Rf4定位结果不尽一致，而恢复主基因Rf5和部分恢复基因只形染色体定位结果还未有报道。由于C型胞质不育的恢复机理不十分清楚，在一定程度上制约着C型胞质不育的应用。本研究利用恢复系凤可1、A619及不育系CMS-C237、CMS-CMo17杂交组合分离群体的遗传分析，结果表明，恢复系凤可1有两对重叠恢复基因Rf4、Rf5，A619中只有1对恢复基因Rf4。利用微卫星标记(SSR)将恢复主基因Rf4定位在第8染色体短臂上，与引物bnlg2307的遗传连锁距离为25.4cM；首次将恢复主基因Rf5定位于第5染色体长臂上，与引物bnlg1711、bnlg1346、phi058连锁，距3个引物的遗传距离分别为7.51cM、1.68cM、9.87cM。
玉米矮花叶病是一种世界性的病害，该病的流行在不少国家和地区造成了巨大的经济损失。由于玉米矮花叶病存在多种病毒株系，并可以通过摩擦接种、蚜虫介导及种子带毒等多种方式进行传播，给玉米矮花叶病的防治带来一定的困难，在生产上最有效的防治办法是推广抗病杂交种。我国是玉米矮花叶病的高发地区，该病主要由MDMV-B和SCMV等病毒株系引起。由于玉米矮花叶病有多种复杂的抗性机制，存在多个抗病基因。前人曾对显性抗病基因Mdml进行了染色体定位。本研究通过对黄早四与Mo17六个群体的田间接种调查，利用数量性状的主基因+多基因模型遗传分析，结果表明，黄早四对玉米矮花叶病的抗性由一对主基因和微效基因控制。通过黄早四和Pa405的等位性测验，发现黄早四中的抗病主基因是一个与Mdml位点不同的新的隐性抗病基因，将该基因命名为mdm2。利用1套含有隐性标记的糯粒易位系将黄早四中的抗病主基因mdm2定位第6染色体长臂上，与易位系T6-9b连锁；同时通过SSR分子标记发现mdm2位于第6染色体长臂上，与引物bnlg1867、bnlg391、phi077连锁，距3个引物的遗传距离分别为9.56cM、6.72cM、4.74cM。
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) is a kind of common phenomenon in higher plants, it cannot produce viable pollen, but its female fertility is unaffected. Three types of male sterile cytoplasm in maize designated as T, C and S, can be classified by the specific nuclear genes, which suppress the male sterile effects of these cytoplasm and restore pollen fertility. The restorer genes and genetics of CMS-C have not been understood very clear because of its complex genetic background. The reports about the chromosomal location of restorer gene Rf4 are different, and the chromosomal location of restorer gene Rf5 and Rf6 haven't been studied.
Using restorer lines Fengkel, A619, sterile lines CMS-C-237, CMS-C-Mol7 and its progeny, we find Fengkel has two duplication gene Rf4 and Rf5, and A619 has one restorer gene Rf4. The restorer gene Rf4 is mapped on chromosome 8 through SSR method, 25.4cM from the primer bnlg2307; and the restorer gene Rf5 is on the long arm of chromosome 5, links with the primers bnlg1711, bnlgl346 and phi058, the genetic distance from three primers are 7.51cM, 1.68cM, 9.87cM.
Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is the most widely occurring viral disease of corn in the world; it can reduce grain yield near 50% in some year. It is difficult to avoid MDMV because it has many kinds of virus strains (including A, B, C, D, E, F, 0 and KSI), and transmits through inoculation, aphid and seed. Using resistance hybrids is the best way to control maize dwarf mosaic now. China is a higher occurring country, of the two major strains of the virus in our country; strain B has a wider geographical occurrence than SCMV.
The inheritance of resistance to MDMV is very complex. Many studies have been conducted to elucidate the type of gene function; the conclusions draws from the results of these studies are different. Some researcher concluded that resistance to MDMV had one or two dominant genes, reciprocal chromosomal translocation and RFLP method had been used to map the dominant gene Mdml, all studies were in agreement that Mdml localized on chromosome 6.
Corn inbred Huangzaosi, Pa405 (resistance to MDMV-B) and Mo 17, 8112 (highly susceptible to MDMV-B) was chosen for this study. Through genetic analysis, Huangzaosi has a major gene and some quantitative genes that resist MDMV-B, the main resistant gene is a new recessive gene named mdm2. Using reciprocal chromosomal translocation lines with genetic marker wxwx, mdm2 gene is mapped on chromosome 6.
Through SSR method, mdm2 is localized on the long arm of chromosome 6, links with SSR primer bnlg1867, bnlg391 and phi077, the genetic distances with the three primers are 9.56cM, 6.72cM, and 4.74cM
玉米矮花叶病是一种世界性的病害，该病的流行在不少国家和地区造成了巨大的经济损失。由于玉米矮花叶病存在多种病毒株系，并可以通过摩擦接种、蚜虫介导及种子带毒等多种方式进行传播，给玉米矮花叶病的防治带来一定的困难，在生产上最有效的防治办法是推广抗病杂交种。我国是玉米矮花叶病的高发地区，该病主要由MDMV-B和SCMV等病毒株系引起。由于玉米矮花叶病有多种复杂的抗性机制，存在多个抗病基因。前人曾对显性抗病基因Mdml进行了染色体定位。本研究通过对黄早四与Mo17六个群体的田间接种调查，利用数量性状的主基因+多基因模型遗传分析，结果表明，黄早四对玉米矮花叶病的抗性由一对主基因和微效基因控制。通过黄早四和Pa405的等位性测验，发现黄早四中的抗病主基因是一个与Mdml位点不同的新的隐性抗病基因，将该基因命名为mdm2。利用1套含有隐性标记的糯粒易位系将黄早四中的抗病主基因mdm2定位第6染色体长臂上，与易位系T6-9b连锁；同时通过SSR分子标记发现mdm2位于第6染色体长臂上，与引物bnlg1867、bnlg391、phi077连锁，距3个引物的遗传距离分别为9.56cM、6.72cM、4.74cM。
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) is a kind of common phenomenon in higher plants, it cannot produce viable pollen, but its female fertility is unaffected. Three types of male sterile cytoplasm in maize designated as T, C and S, can be classified by the specific nuclear genes, which suppress the male sterile effects of these cytoplasm and restore pollen fertility. The restorer genes and genetics of CMS-C have not been understood very clear because of its complex genetic background. The reports about the chromosomal location of restorer gene Rf4 are different, and the chromosomal location of restorer gene Rf5 and Rf6 haven't been studied.
Using restorer lines Fengkel, A619, sterile lines CMS-C-237, CMS-C-Mol7 and its progeny, we find Fengkel has two duplication gene Rf4 and Rf5, and A619 has one restorer gene Rf4. The restorer gene Rf4 is mapped on chromosome 8 through SSR method, 25.4cM from the primer bnlg2307; and the restorer gene Rf5 is on the long arm of chromosome 5, links with the primers bnlg1711, bnlgl346 and phi058, the genetic distance from three primers are 7.51cM, 1.68cM, 9.87cM.
Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is the most widely occurring viral disease of corn in the world; it can reduce grain yield near 50% in some year. It is difficult to avoid MDMV because it has many kinds of virus strains (including A, B, C, D, E, F, 0 and KSI), and transmits through inoculation, aphid and seed. Using resistance hybrids is the best way to control maize dwarf mosaic now. China is a higher occurring country, of the two major strains of the virus in our country; strain B has a wider geographical occurrence than SCMV.
The inheritance of resistance to MDMV is very complex. Many studies have been conducted to elucidate the type of gene function; the conclusions draws from the results of these studies are different. Some researcher concluded that resistance to MDMV had one or two dominant genes, reciprocal chromosomal translocation and RFLP method had been used to map the dominant gene Mdml, all studies were in agreement that Mdml localized on chromosome 6.
Corn inbred Huangzaosi, Pa405 (resistance to MDMV-B) and Mo 17, 8112 (highly susceptible to MDMV-B) was chosen for this study. Through genetic analysis, Huangzaosi has a major gene and some quantitative genes that resist MDMV-B, the main resistant gene is a new recessive gene named mdm2. Using reciprocal chromosomal translocation lines with genetic marker wxwx, mdm2 gene is mapped on chromosome 6.
Through SSR method, mdm2 is localized on the long arm of chromosome 6, links with SSR primer bnlg1867, bnlg391 and phi077, the genetic distances with the three primers are 9.56cM, 6.72cM, and 4.74cM
引文
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